Umphumela omuhle wokuzalisa izinkomo wezinkabi kuyisisindo esimisiwe senyanga eyodwa kwenkomo ngayinye ngonyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuphumela kabili, futhi inkomo iletha amawele. Kodwa, ngeshwa, lokhu kudala izinkinga eziningi kunezinzuzo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi ungabonisa kanjani ukuthi inkomo inokukhulelwa kabili, nokuthi umuntu angasisiza kanjani isilwane ngesikhathi sokukholisa.
Ingabe inkomo ingazala amawele
Ukukhulelwa kabili emitholampilo kungavamile, kubangelwa amaphesenti amabili kuya kwangu-4 emfuyo yonke. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kwenzeka, futhi inkomo namathole amasha adinga ukunakekelwa kabili. Ukuthola amathole amabili ku-calving eyodwa kuyawusizo ngokucacile, ngoba umhlambi wezinkabi ukhula ngokushesha.
Kodwa-ke, lena akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokwandisa imfuyo, njengoba ukukhulelwa kabili kuvame ukuhambisana nezinkinga ezithile, ukuqala ngokubeletha okunzima nokuqeda izinkinga ngempilo yenkomo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ubisi oluphezulu olukhiqizwayo luthinta ukuqala kwe-ovulation kabili.
Uyazi? Esimweni saseNdiya saseMadhya Pradesh, imithetho eqinile yokuvikela izilwane ezingcwele zamaHindu. Noma yimuphi umuntu olahlwe yicala lokubulala inkomazo uzogwetshwa ejele kuze kuphele iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Iphesenti ye-ovulation kabili ezinkomeni ezikhiqizayo kakhulu zenziwa cishe ngo-20%. Futhi ukwelashwa kwamakhomikhali ezinkomo ezingenakuqeda amandla, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekukhuliseni kwamaqanda angaphezu kweyodwa, kungasiza futhi ekukhuleni kokubili kokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa ngumthwalo omkhulu wenkomo. Futhi ama-fetus amabili athuthukayo adinga inani elikhulu le-calcium ukwakha amabhakede, okungabangela ukungabi nalutho kwalesi sigaba emzimbeni womama futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuholele ekukhubazekeni kokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungahambisana nokugcinwa kwe-placenta, kanye nokuvuvukala kwesibeletho. 
Ngokuvamile, ngokukhulelwa okuningi, izinkinga zenzeka. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokubekwa okungalungile kwezithelo. Zomi zombili izitho zangasikhathi sinye zizama ukungena emkhunjini wokuzalwa wenkomo. Kule nkinga, ukungenelela kwezilwane kuvame ukudingeka.
Uyazi? Inkomo ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke yathengiswa ngo-2009 nge $ 1.2 million eRoyal Agricultural Winter Fair e-UK.
Indlela yokunquma ukuthi inkomo izoba namawele
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, udokotela wezilwane unganikeza imibono ngokukhulelwa kwezinkomo ezimbili emva kokukhipha i-palpation ephathekayo noma ngokuqondile. Indlela yokwedlulisa ngokuqondile yanikeza ukunemba okuphansi kokuqaphela ukukhulelwa okuningi ezinkomeni, ngaphansi kwezingu-50% kwenani lazo zonke izivivinyo.
Emapulazini anamuhla, izinkomo ezikhulelwe zisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound usebenzisa idivayisi ye-ultrasound yokuhlola (USG). Le nqubo ihlelwe kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwamasonto angu-6.5-8. 
Ngalesi sikhathi, isisu somkhumbi okhulelwe awunkulu kakhulu, udokotela wezilwane kulula ukudweba ngesandla sakhe, utholakala ukuskena ngezindiza ezahlukene nakwezinye izindiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, imibungu isivele ikhulu kakhulu, ubude bayo buba ngu-2.7 kuya ku-5 cm, kulula ukuyigcina ngosizo lwe-ultrasound.
Yeka ukuthi amawele azalwa kanjani ezinkomeni
Uma umfuyi wesilwane (noma okwazi ngokuqinisekile, ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound) ukuthi inkomazi yakhe ikhulelwe ngamawele, kufanele anakekele futhi anakekele isilwane: ukuhamba njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukudla okunomsoco futhi, mhlawumbe, ukusizwa ekuthandeni.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinsuku ezingakanani inkomo ithwala ithole nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani ingane ekugqumeni, futhi uthole ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngemuva kokukhipha.
Izimpawu zokufinyelela
Izimpawu zokuzalwa kwezinkomo:
- ubundlu obungenalutho luvuthwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubeletha, kuba i-pink more;
- lapho ucindezelwe kusuka embongeni kubonakala sengathi i-colostrum enamandla futhi enamathele;
- Izimbongolo zombele zibukeka kancane zivuvukale;
- Ukwenziwa komkhiqizo wesisu wesifazane kukhula - ukukhwabanisa okukhulu okubonakalayo okuvela emanzini okuvuza;
- vulvar evuthayo futhi obomvu;
- Izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuqhafaza, izimpande eziphambene (ukudonsa eduze kwesisekelo somsila) phumula;
- isisu sikhishwa ngezansi, izimbambo zihlukaniswa ngamatshe ahlanzekile;
- izilwane zihlala zingenasiphelo, ngokuvamile zilele phansi, zivuke, zibeke phansi;
- kukhona ukuhlinzeka kaningi okuyingxenye encane yomchamo nemifino;
- isilwane siphakamisa umsila imizuzu embalwa.
Ungathatha kanjani ukulethwa
Ukubeletha kuqala ngokuqala komsebenzi. Kusukela kule nkathi kuqhubeke, i-calving ingadlulela kuhhafu yehora kuya emahoreni amathathu. Uma isikhundla sesithelo sijwayelekile futhi umsebenzi wezabasebenzi ubonakala ngokucacile, inkomo ayidingi usizo. Umzalisi akufanele aphazamise inqubo yeningi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kepha udinga ukusondelana ukuze usize uma kunesidingo.
Kubalulekile! Imizamo yokwandisa ithole ngemilenze, ngokushesha nje uma ivela e-perineum, ingabangela ukuthi ingane izokhubazeka noma inkomo izoba nokuqhekeka kwe-perineum noma i-prolapse ye-uterus.
Usizo ngenkathi kukhonjiswa amawele
Uma umfuyi engaboni izimpawu ezesabekayo kulo wesifazane obelethwe, kufanele ulinde ngesineke kuze kuvele imilenze yethole. Emva kwalokho, isikhundla se-intrauterine samathole sihlolwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, isisindo senziwe nge-gel. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uzolile ngenkathi uhlalisa, hhayi ukwenza i-jerks engazelelwe, ungamemeza, ungethuki. 
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-calving, ama-fetus amabili atholakala esibelethweni sikamama ukuze ithole elilodwa liye ekuphumeni kusuka emgodini wokuzalwa ophethe imbobo nemilenze yangaphambili, enye inemilenze yangemuva. Isimo sivame ukuthi uma ithole lizalwa ngaphezu kwesibili.
Umuntu onakekelayo ufaka isandla emgodini wokuzalwa futhi unquma ukuthi imilenze ye-fetus engenhla ikhona. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, umbelethi uthatha ithole elibelethwe uhhafu bese elikhipha kancane kancane. Ngokushesha usize ukuba uzalwe, ukudonsa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela, ithole eliphezulu. Lapho ebeletha ithole lokuqala, enye ingane kufanele iphoswe ngobumnene emuva emgodini wenkomo.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi ukunakekelwa kwe-obstetric, kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideli imilenze yamathole amabili. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudonsa ithole ngemilenze, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi bangabantwana abasha.
Emva kokuvela kwamathole ekukhanyeni, bahlanza imimoya yomoya, uma izilwane zingaphefumuli, zenza massage esifubeni kanye umoya wokufakelwa wamaphaphu. Uma ukuzalwa kunzima, ngezinye izikhathi amathole kudingeka asekelwe phansi. Uyabasiza ukuba balahle i-mucus e-airways. 
Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa emva kokukhipha, inkomo ngokuvamile ibisiwe. Futhi ushiye eceleni kwamathole izinsuku ezimbili, bese i-milf ijoyina umhlambi. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayamnakekela - uma edla kahle, futhi uma kungekho fever.
Iyiphi isikhathi phakathi kwamathole
Ingane yokuqala yenkomo izalwa owodwa noma amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesibili. Phakathi komama obeletha wathela. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwesibili, isilwane sinisela (uma sikwazi ukuqoqa) nge-amniotic fluid yayo kwesokunxele ngemva kokuzalwa.
Amniotic amanzi anesisindo samahomoni futhi ashukumisela ukuphuma okungenabuhlungu nokulula kwe-placenta (emva kokuzalwa). Uma i-amniotic fluid ingaqoqiwe, isilwane sidliwa ngamanzi afudumele, afudumele ngamanzi amalitha angama-40-60.
Bangaki abalandela inkomo uma kabili
Ukubeletha amawele eenkomo kungaba dvuyaytsevoy futhi kufane. Amawele amabili ama-twin angumphumela wokukhulelwa okukodwa noma okulinganayo kwamaqanda amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fetus ngayinye iqala ngokwahlukana futhi ine-placenta yayo (emva kokubeletha).
Thola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma inkomo ingashiyi owokugcina noma uyidlile.
Ngamawele afanayo, ama-embungu aqhutshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni eyodwa ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inani lokuphumayo ngemuva kokukhokha kuncike ekutheni ukhulelwe (okufanayo noma i-dvuayaytsevoy). 
Uma ukubeletha kungabikho ngokwakho, kudingekile ukuthi usebenzise ukugqugquzela ukwelashwa noma ukususa i-placenta ngesandla. Lezi zinqubo kufanele zenziwe kuphela ochwepheshe, ngakho-ke, kulokhu, mema udokotela wezilwane.
Kubalulekile! Izinkomo, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, zijwayele ukudla i-placenta ngemuva kokubeletha. Kubalulekile ukungavumeli lokhu, ngoba isilwane sizoba nomthelela okhusayo wamathumbu. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, kufanele ugcine inkomo ngaphandle kokudla amahora angu-24, nje unike amanzi ukuphuza bese ulinda kuze kube yilowo nalowo obala.
Izici zokuthuthukiswa kobulili obufanayo kanye namawele obulili obuhlukile
Izilwane zakudala zithi cishe ingxenye yesibili yamawele azalwa ayenziwa ngenkunzi nangamathole. Intombazane encane ezalwa ngalezi zibambano akufanele ishiywe esizweni, ngoba izophatha izakhi zofuzo ezingenasici.
I-Freemartinism ibonakala njengenye yezinhlobo ezimbi kunazo zonke zokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili phakathi kwezinkomo, kubangelwa ukungabi nabantwana ezinkomeni eziningi. Uma isikhuhlane sihlukanisa isibeletho ngenkunzi yezinkunzi ezimbili, izitho zangasese ezixhunyiwe ezixhunyaniswe emathunjini kuya emgqeni womzimba zihlukanisiwe.
Inhlanganisela yamangqamuzana angenalutho avela ngosuku lwama-40 lokukhulelwa, emva kwalokho amanzi aphuma emibungu emibili ahlanganiswe. Lokhu kubangela ukushintshaniswa kwegazi nama-antigens ezithwala izici eziyingqayizivele kwenkomo ngayinye. 
Uma lezi zinhlayiya zixuba, zithintana ngendlela yokuthi ngamunye wabo ahlakulele ngezici ezithile zesinye isondo. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile ukunciphisa ukuzala kwindoda yesilisa, ngamacala angaphezu kwangu-90%, owesifazane wesifazane uba yize ngokuphelele.
Uyazi? Ngo-2009, ososayensi baphenyisisa i-genome yenkomo futhi bathola ukuthi izinkomo zinama-gene angu-22 000, okuyizingxenye ezingu-80 ezifanayo nezakhi zofuzo zomuntu.
Ukwedluliswa kwamahomoni noma amangqamuzana kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni okungathí sina kwe-twin yokuzala kokubeletha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunezici ezithile zendlela yokukhiqiza yenkomo. Okusho ukuthi, i-freemartin iyingqayizivele yabesifazane, kodwa inezici eziningi zamadoda.
Ama-ovaries ama-Freemartin awahlakuli kahle futhi ngokuvamile ahlala embusweni wama-embryonic. Izitho zangaphandle zezinkukhu zingaba zijwayelekile futhi zifana nengxenye yemfuyo.
I-Freemartinism ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ingatholakala ngezindlela eziningana, kusukela ekuhloleni okulula kwezingqimba ezigcwala futhi ekupheleni kokuhlolwa kwe-chromosomal. Uma kuphela izinkunzi ezimbili noma amathole amabili azalwa ngamawele - lezi ziyoba izilwane ezijwayelekile ezingashiya inzalo egcwele. 
Indlela yokudla amawele uma kungekho ubisi obanele
Kungakapheli ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokubeletha, izinsana zithunyelwa kumama, ozikhohlisayo futhi azivumele ukuba zibele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithole ngalinye lilitha amalitha ama-colostrum. Izinsuku zokuqala emva kokubeletha, inkomo idla izingane izikhathi ezingu-5-6 ngosuku.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amathole ngokunembile, yiziphi amavithamini okubanika zona, futhi uthole ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ithole lithemba futhi lingadli kahle.
Amathole azalwa ngaphandle kokuzivikela ngokumelene nezifo. Kuze kube yilapho behlakulela ikhono labo lokulwa nezifo, bancike ngokugcwele ekuzivikelweni okungapheli okutholakala nge-colostrum yomama. I-colostrum ibisi eliphuzi kakhulu, elinomzimba ophuzi ophuzi, oluthuthukiswa amaprotheni wegazi namavithamini, owokuqala ngemva kokuzala.
I-colostrum iqukethe ama-antibodies adingekayo ukuze adlulisele ukuzivikela komama ezinganeni, futhi izinga lamaprotheni nama-electrolyte liphakeme. Uma izinsana zingenalo i-colostrum yomama, futhi ngemva kwalokho ubisi, imikhiqizo efanayo ifanelekile kubo, kodwa ithathwe kwezinye izinkomo eziphilile. 
Izingane ezisondelene nazo zidla kokubili i-colostrum ne-colostrum efriziwe efriziwe ishisa kufika ku +37 ° C. Akunakwenzeka ukondla ama-calve nge-colostrum isikhathi eside, ngoba ngosuku lwesine ngemuva kokuxoshwa, lilahlekelwa yilezi zondlo. Emapulazini amakhulu athola le mkhiqizo ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, ngendlela yokuqandisa.
Uyazi? Izinkomo zinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga futhi zingahogela kude namakhilomitha angu-9.Ukubeletha yisikhathi esibucayi esithinta kokubili impilo kamama kanye nempilo yamawele. Okuningi kuxhomeke ezimweni lapho kutholakala khona i-calving, ngoba ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ama-microbes angangena emzimbeni ngezingono kanye nomsele wokuzalwa. Amathole abuye avele ezinozini eziningi phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiselela inkomo yokubeletha kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kufanele uqale amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokukhipha.
