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Ubuqili bokukhula kwama-scorzonera (ama-carrots amnyama) endaweni yethu

Izaqathe ezimnyama (i-scorzonera, imbuzi, impande elimnandi) - uhlobo oluthandwa lwesanqante emazweni amaningi eYurophu nase-Asia. Ezweni lakithi, akuvamile, kepha ngokuhlinzekwa kwezimo ezifanele, i-scorcer ingafakwa ngempumelelo esiqhingini sayo. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izaqathe ezimnyama, kanye nemithetho yokutshala nokugcinwa kwesondlo okuyisisekelo esivumelwaneni sokukhula kwamahlaya.

Isanqante emnyama, noma i-scorzonera: iyini le "isimangaliso"

Irotikiti elimnyama kuyisitshalo esidliwayo nesingokwemithi. I-Scorzonera ibukeka njenge-isanqante evamile enomsuka omnyama kuphela. Izwe lakubo le-Scorzoner kubhekwa njengeningizimu Yurophu naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.

Izitshalo zalesi sitshalo ziluhlaza obumnyama, zikwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama kwama-30 kuya ku-70 cm. Ikhula ngoMeyi nge-inflorescences ephuzi ephuzi. Imbewu ivuthwe ngoJuni. Izimpande ezidliwayo zinombala omnyama ocebile, inyama iyamanzi, imhlophe. Ekude, isithelo sifinyelela cishe ngo-15 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-5 cm.

Isisindo sesisindo esisodwa esisisindo sifike ku-150-200 g. Isitshalo sesitshalo singasala emhlabathini ebusika, ngoba ngaphambili sasibekela umhlabathi ngamahlamvu asomile. Izaqathe ezimnyama ziyakuthandeka kakhulu futhi ziwusizo kakhulu kunezinqathe ezivamile ze-orange. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-scorzonera ithole uhlelo olubanzi ekuphekeni nasemithi. Ekuboneni kwe-Scorzoner uyazibuza ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani. Ama-karoti angadliwa ahlanzekile, futhi ungakwazi ukupheka isobho, ama-vinaigrette, ama-saladi, izitsha eziyinhloko. Ukunambitheka kwe-Scorzonera entsha kubaba, kufana nesithombo somnyama. Isitshalo sesitshalo esiye sanikeza ukucubungula kwamakholishi, ekuthandeni kufana ne-asparagus.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuba udle izaqathe ezintsha, kunconywa ukuba uzifake emanzini anosawoti cishe ihora. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi kungabi mnandi kakhulu.
Izaqathe ezimnyama ziphelele ukupheka ama-saladi amasha ngokuhambisana nama-carrot, i-klabishi, isithombo sebhitrudi. Ukhilimu omuncu, imayonnaise, ijusi kalamula kufanele ifaneleke njengokugqoka. I-scorzonera ingabuye ibiliswe, ifakwe okuthosiwe, isetshenziswe, isetshenziselwe ukugaya kanye nokuqandisa. Kuzokwenza i-sauce enhle kakhulu yokudla inyama noma imifino.

Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo kuhlanganisa eziningi izakhi:

  • i-pectin;
  • ithusi;
  • i-phosphorus;
  • insimbi;
  • i-potassium;
  • i-zinc;
  • amavithamini A, C, B, PP, E;
  • inulin;
  • aspargin.
Siyabonga ngalokwakheka Izaqathe ezimnyama ziyaziwa ngezici eziningi zokwelapha:
  • kuthuthukisa umzimba;
  • kusiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi;
  • isekela ubuciko obubukwayo;
  • unemiphumela emibi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, yokulwa nokukhwehlela;
  • i-antioxidant esebenzayo.
Uyazi? NgeNkathi Ephakathi, i-Scorzonera yayisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukuchitshiyelwa kwezinyoka zezinyoka.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-insulini, izaqathi ezimnyama zinconywa ukuba zifakwe ekudleni kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-scorzonera iqukethe i-lutein ne-carotene ngaphezulu kunezinqathe ze-orange, ngakho-ke kuyasiza kakhulu ukugcina umbono.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika

I-Scorzonera ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama futhi ephathwa kahle. Ngaphambi kokutshala izaqathe, kufanele ukhethe indawo efanelekile bese ulungisa umhlabathi. Ukuze ukhule izitshalo ezifanelekile ezikhanyayo, zivikelwe emimoya enamandla. UKozelets akabekezeli ukuthungatha.

Indawo lapho imbewu ezohlwanyelwa khona kufanele ihlulwe ukhula, amaqabunga wonyaka odlule bese ubamba kahle. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, elula. Ungavumeli amabele amakhulu, kungenjalo imbewu ayikwazi ukukhula.

Uma inhlabathi i-acidic kakhulu, kufanele ihlolwe. Ukusheshisa ukukhula kwembewu nokugcina umswakama, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi, oluzofafaza imbewu, kutuswa ukuba uqale ukuxuba ne-peat noma i-sawdust. Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini kunconywa ukuba usebenzise umquba we-phosphorus-potassium.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kumele ifakwe ingxenye yosuku. Izitshalo ezikhukhulayo zisusiwe, azizinalutho futhi ezingenalutho. Khona-ke kunconywa ukuba ubeke impahla esele kwendwangu ebomvu bese uyibamba izinsuku ezimbalwa, ugcine izinga elizinzile lomswakama. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imbewu izophendukela futhi ilungele ukuhlwanyela. Le nqubo izosiza ekuhlumeni okusheshayo kwembewu etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Isikhathi, iphethini nokujula kokuhlwanyela imbewu Scorzoner

Imbewu yesanqante emnyama ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Uma ufuna ukuthola izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala, udinga ukuhlwanyela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma uhlela ukukhulisa i-scorcelonera njengesitshalo se-biennial, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Kubalulekile! Imbewu etholakala esitshalweni ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwayo ayifanele ukuhlwanyela. Awuhlwanyeli kahle futhi akhiqiza izitshalo ezincane ezimpande. Sebenzisa kuphela imbewu etholakalayo esitshalweni seminyaka emibili.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sibonakala yisikhathi eside, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni, ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi ubomile ngemuva kobusika. Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa sekwephuzile, izithelo ziyoba mncane futhi zingenakwenzeka.

Ezindaweni ezingabusika kakhulu, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika. Ngonyaka ozayo, izimpande ziyokhula ngaphambi kokushala kwentwasahlobo.

Ukujula kwembewu kufanele kube ngu-3 cm. 15 g yokutshala impahla ithatha amamitha ayisithupha. Kunezindlela ezine zokuhlwanyela ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezinjalo:

  • emincane kakhulu - 20-30 x 15-20 cm;
  • umugqa obubanzi - 45 x 15 cm;
  • I-tap-double tape - (20 + 50) x 20 cm;
  • tape emine-line (15 + 15 + 15 + 45) x 25 cm.
Uyazi? Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhlwanyela imbewu yintwasahlobo, ngehlobo kanye nokutshala kwe-podzimny kunengozi enkulu ukuthi izaqathe zizokhula ngeziqu, hhayi emmpandeni. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezikhona nge-autumn frosts ngasekupheleni, kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ehlobo noma entwasahlobo endaweni yokushisa.

Ukulima kanye namathiphu okunakekela

I-scorzonera isitshalo esimelana nobusika, futhi ukuyikhuphula enzalweni ayikho inkinga ethile. Imithetho ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthola umphumela ophumelelayo yilezi:

  • ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi;
  • inhlabathi evamile ivusa;
  • i-mulching;
  • ukuhlanzwa kokhula;
  • ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukutshala kugcwele ukwanda ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, kutholakala iziqu zezimbali ezitshalweni, okumele zihlwithwe.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Uma amaqabunga ama-2-3 eba phezu kwawo, amahlumela aphuluka, ashiya u-15 cm phakathi kwabo. Uma ulandela le mithetho, ungathola isivuno esihle semifino emikhulu, enomsoco futhi enempilo kakhulu.

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi

I-Scorzonera ithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke ukushisa isikhathi eside isitshalo kumele siphuze kathathu ngesonto. Amahlumela abasha akufanele anisele ngamanzi amaningi. Njengoba izithombo zikhula, inani lamanzi kudingeka lengezwe. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, izaqathe ziphuzwa kanye ngesonto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhulula njalo inhlabathi, kubangele ukungena okungcono komswakama kanye ne-oksijini ohlelweni lwempande. Uma amahlumela afinyelela ku-5 cm, kunconywa ukuba umquba umhlabathi nge-sawdust noma peat, lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama ozungeze isitshalo. I-mulch land ithela kancane kancane, kepha iningi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokubeka umhlabathi we-mulch ngempela uhlanzwa ukhula, ukhululiwe futhi unisela.

Isici esibalulekile ekunakekeleni isitshalo ukuhlanzwa okufika ngesikhathi kunokhula. Bavala umhlabathi, bathathe isikhala sokukhula kwamaqathi, bathole izakhi zomhlabathi futhi banikele ekubukeni kwezinambuzane.

Umanyolo

Ukukhula okungcono kuqhutshwa kabili ukudla izaqathe. Okokuqala umanyolo usetshenziselwa inyanga eyodwa emva kokuba izithombo zivele, okwesibili - ngisho nangenyanga.

Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zisetshenziswe kangcono esimweni segazi.
Njengendlela yokudla ungasebenzisa izixube ezinjalo:

  • isisombululo sesipuni se-nitrophoska ku-7 l amanzi;
  • isisombululo sezibuko ezimbili zamatanda ngamalitha ayi-7 amanzi;
  • 7 l amanzi mix 15 g we superphosphate kanye urea, 20 g we potassium nitrate.
Kuwusizo kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo yokwengeza izinkuni ngokhuni (ukumitha elilodwa ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi) lapho uphuza emanzini. Lokhu kungenye yamanyolo ama-potash amahle kakhulu, okwenza kube nokukhula kwamaqathi futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uphendula izinambuzane.

Qaphela nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Ngokuningi, zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezifo zefungal. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ukuze ungashisi izimpande zesitshalo.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngokukhula

Ngenkathi yokukhula izaqathe, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga ezinjalo:

  • umswakama obuningi noma ukungabi khona kwawo;
  • ukugxuma kokufika;
  • ukuhlukunyezwa kwezifo ezifayo;
  • izinambuzane.
Uma kwenzeka umswakama ngokweqile kungabangela izinkinga ezinjalo:
  • ukubola;
  • izithelo zokuqhekeka;
  • izinwele zezimpande izitshalo.
Ngokuntuleka komswakama, izitshalo zempande zikhubazekile - ziba mfushane futhi ziqala ukukhulula amahlumela ohlangothini, izithelo zalolu hlobo ziyoba zibaba kakhulu. Uma ukutshala kunzima, izimpande izitshalo ziyokhula, zide kakhulu futhi zingabi nhlobo.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezingonakalisa isivuno sakho zihlanganisa:

  • ukubola (omhlophe, owomile, ompunga, omnyama);
  • i-bacteriosis;
  • i-chalcosporosis.
Ukushiswa okumile, okumhlophe nokugcoba kubonakala ngokubunjwa kwezimhlophe noma ezimpunga eziqongweni zomhlophe noma ukubonakala kwe "cannon" emhlophe emhlabathini oseduze nesitshalo. Izindlela zokulawula zihlanganisa: ukukhishwa okuvamile kwenhlabathi, ukuphalaza ngamalungiselelo anethusi. Ngokunqotshwa kwesitshalo ngokubola okwesibhakabhaka, iziqongo eziqongweni zezinto eziphakemeyo, ngesikhathi sokuthi amaqabunga abe amabala aphuzi.

Njengokulwa nalesi sifo, lesi sitshalo sihlanzwa nge "Rovral".

Ukubonakala kwamabala aphuzi aphuzi, okugcina aguqukile noma aphendulele amnyama, kubonisa ukubonakala okubomvu, okuphikisana nakho okukhipha imfucumfucu nge-decoction yezinambuzane noma ama-horsetail copes kahle. I-Cercosporosis ibonakala ngamachashazi angenalutho emaqabunga; ukwelashwa kwezitshalo nge-Bordeaux liquid kuzosiza ukulwa nalo.

Isitshalo esimweni sokukhula singalimala futhi izinambuzane, okuvamile phakathi kwazo:

  • ishidi;
  • imvukuzane;
  • i-nematodes;
  • Medvedka;
  • slugs
Ngokumelene ne-moth, ukuchithwa kwe-topoction yeziqongweni zamatamatisi kusiza kahle; kusuka esitokisini, ukufakwa kwesipho lokuhlanza. Kusukela kuma-nematodes, izaqathe ziphathwa ngeDeararis, futhi zifuthwe ngesisombululo sesinkwa sephesenti ayishumi ngokumelene nemiklamo engadini. Uma kwenzeka ukubukeka kwebhere emigodini lapho ehlala khona, ungakwazi ukuthululela isixazululo seviniga (isipuni ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) noma amabili wezipuni weLotus powder echitheka ilitha lamanzi.

Uyazi? I-Elderwood ikhula eduze, i-chives noma umlotha owenziwe emhlabathini uyabesabisa izinambuzane eziningi.

Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno

Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-September. Ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, kunconywa ukuba inhlabathi ingcoliswe kancane ukuze kube lula ukukhipha izithelo. Ngemuva kokuba isanqante isuswe emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuba uguqe phansi, unqume izihloko phezulu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izithelo zome ngaphansi kombhoshongo.

Ngaphambi kokugcina, qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeze izithelo zomonakalo. Ngoba ebusika kufanele ihlehlise izimpande ezinempilo kakhulu nezingenangqondo. Kungcono ukugcina izaqathe ebhokisini elingaphansi. Izithelo zifakwa ezigcawini, zifafaze ngesihlabathi esimanzi noma emanzini. Ukuze uvimbele izithelo ukubola, kunconywa ukuba uphathe ngaphambi kokuphatha indawo yokugcina ne-Bordeaux utshwala noma ukukhishwa kwe-ash ash.

Kubalulekile! Ungagcini izithelo ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ezingeni ezingaphezu kwezingu-10, izaqathe ziyogxila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bese ziqala ukubola.
I-scorzonera, ngokusho kwencazelo, ifana kakhulu nesanqante esijwayele futhi ihlukaniswe kakhulu nombala omnyama wezitshalo zempande. Ungesabi ama-scorcera nombuzo wokuthi ungakukhulisa kanjani. Inqubo yokutshala nokunakekelwa cishe ifana nokutshala izaqathe ze-orange.

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