Indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi ezitsheni ezihlukile (isib. Amabhakede) iye yaziwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngokokuqala ngqa lobu buchwepheshe buchazwa encwadini nguF. Allerton, eyakhishwa ngonyaka we-1957. Ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi zeselula ezinjalo zokutshala kufanelekile kulezo zindawo lapho kungenzeka khona izimo ezingezinhle zokukhula nezithelo zalesi sitshalo, okuvumela ukuthi izitshalo zithuthelwe emakamelweni okuvikelwa kuwo ngesikhathi seqhwa ebusuku noma izimvula ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwekhono lokukhulisa utamatisi ezindaweni lapho kunamafrimu abuyela emuva noma izimo zezulu zibangela ukwehlulwa kwalesi siko ngokulimala sekwephuzile, ezinye izinzuzo eziningi zale ndlela zatholakala. Umkhiqizo unyuka ngama-20% noma ngaphezulu, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka emavikini angama-2-3 ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile, okujwayelekile ezinhlotsheni zonke.
Izakhamizi zasehlobo ezisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe zinelisekile ngemiphumela futhi zishiya impendulo eminingi enhle. Utamatisi otshalwe ebhakedeni ungabekwa endaweni evulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Zombili izindlela ziyasebenza.
Izinzuzo nokudlula kwamatamatisi akhula ezitsheni
Izinzuzo zokutshala okunjalo zifaka:
- Ukuma komhlaba kuxubene kakhudlwana (ikakhulukazi kuyiqiniso ezindaweni ezincane zasendlini), kulula ukudlulisela kwenye indawo (esimweni sezulu esinethayo ngaphansi kombhede, esimweni sezulu esishisayo endaweni ene-shaded).
- Amanzi alula - wonke umswakama uya esitshalweni, futhi ungavumi ukuvuvukala ungene emhlabathini. Ukunisela kudinga amanzi amancane, kepha kumele kwenziwe kaningi kunasemhlabathini ojwayelekile, ngoba inhlabathi yoma ngokushesha ngamabhakede.
- Wonke umanyolo ofakelwayo amunwa ngokuphelele yizitshalo, futhi awusabalali eceleni kombhede.
- Ukhula alucasuli kangako njengasemhlabathini ovulekile, kulula ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla.
- Inhlabathi emabhakede iyafudumala ngokushesha, okukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-rhizomes, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yamatamatisi. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, akunconywa ukusebenzisa amabhakede amnyama, ngoba umhlabathi okuwo ushibilika ngokushesha futhi ungathandeki ezitshalweni. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kunalokho, iziqukathi zobumnyama zifaka isandla ekushiseni kwenhlabathi ngokushesha, okuvumela uhlelo lwezimpande ukukhula kahle.
- Ezitsheni ezivalekile, ubungozi bokusabalala kwezifo buyancishiswa, izitshalo ziyavikelwa emabhele nakwezinye izinambuzane.
- Izithelo ziyanda, izithelo zikhula zibe ngamaviki angama-2-3 ngaphambili kunaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
- Lapho kwenzeka iqhwa lokwindla, utamatisi ungadluliselwa ku-greenhouse noma kwelinye igumbi ukwelula isikhathi sokuzala.
Akukhona izingqinamba eziningi, kodwa futhi kukhona:
- Esigabeni sokuqala, sokulungiselela, izindleko ezinkulu zabasebenzi ziyadingeka ukulungiselela izitsha, zigcwalisa ngenhlabathi.
- Umhlaba ngamabhakede udinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke.
- Ukuthambisa okwenziwa njalo kuyadingeka.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala utamatisi wokutshala ezitsheni
Ukuze ukhule kahle utamatisi esitsheni esihlukile, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, umthamo owuthandayo, ulungiselele inhlabathi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingatshalwa emabhakede
Ungazikhethela ukuthi zingaphansi kakhulu (emgwaqweni, lapho kuzoba nesidingo sokuthwala izitshalo ziye kwezinye izindawo) nezinhlobonhlobo ezinde (ikakhulukazi ezindawo zokugcina izingadi, lapho utamatisi ezoba sendaweni engapheli).
Ifaneleka kahle le ndlela yezindlela lapho uhlelo lwempande oluxubile futhi oluningi olungakhuli lwengxenye. Utamatisi onamaqabunga acishe abe mancane akhulisiwe angena umoya omncane.
Lapho utshala izinhlobo zokuqala zokuqala, ungathola isivuno ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zitshalwa kusuka kwezinde - i-Honey Spas, i-Mining Glory, i-Yantarevsky, i-Volovye Heart, i-Kobzar, i-Miracle of the Earth, iMalachite Box.
Usayizi ophansi naphakathi - uLinda, Rocket, Roma, Nevsky, La La Fa, Ushukela omnandi, ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe.
UCherry - uBonsai, uPygmy, uGadi Pearl, uMinibel.
Lapho kukhula izinhlobo zokuqala ezilungele ukulondolozwa, futhi kutholakale isivuno esiningi ngesikhathi lapho zingakavuni, ungathela usawoti utamatisi oluhlaza noma izithelo ezivuthiwe ngendlela emgqonyeni. Ukulondolozwa okubandayo kwamatamatisi ngokufakwa kwamakhambi nezinongo kuzokwenza ukuthi kuthuthukise ukudla ngokunye okuzuzisayo okuzuisayo.
Imaphi amabhakede angasetshenziswa
Amabhakede noma ezinye iziqukathi kumele okungenani zibe amalitha ayi-10. Amashubhu ezinsimbi, opulasitiki, ngisho nawokhuni afanelekile.
Kepha imikhiqizo yensimbi izohlala isikhathi eside kunayo yonke. Izitsha kufanele zingabi naphansi, noma zibe nezimbobo eziningi ezivela phansi, kanye nedizili emidongeni eseceleni yokushintshiselana komoya ongcono kwenhlabathi. Njengoba amabhakede amnyama asha ngokushesha, kunconywa ukuthi ziphinde zenziwe ngemibala elula.
Inhlabathi efanelekile yokutshala utamatisi ezitsheni
Kumatamatisi, inhlabathi evundile ye-loamy ifaneleka kakhulu. Ingxube ilungiselelwe kusuka emhlabathini (mhlawumbe kusuka embhedeni wamakhukhamba), i-peat, isihlabathi, i-humus, ngokufakwa komlotha.
Umhlabathi ubulala amagciwane ngokuwuthululela ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwenza amakhambi amaminerali enzelwe utamatisi.
Ilungiselela iziqukathi zokutshala utamatisi
Kulungiswa isitsha sokutshala kusukela ekwindla.
- Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, isitsha kufanele sibulawe amagciwane ngokusilapha ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-Bordeaux liquid. Le nqubo kumele yenziwe njalo ngonyaka ngaphambi kokubeka enye entsha ethangini lomhlabathi.
- Ungqimba lobumba olunwetshiwe noma olunye udonsa olunokuphakama okungamasentimitha amahlanu luthululelwa ezansi kwebhakede. Kube sekufakwa inhlabathi elungiselelwe.
- Kufanele zigcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma ngaphandle emgodini onobubanzi obungu-30 cm.
Amanzi aniselwa kakhulu kanye ngemuva kokugcwalisa amabhakede, bese ukuthambisa akudingeki kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Kepha uma isitsha sigcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, khona-ke udinga ukuthulula iqhwa ngaphezulu ukuze sigcwaliswe kangcono ngomswakama entwasahlobo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu nokulungisa izithombo
Izithombo zikatamatisi zingathengwa noma zikhule ngokuzimela. Yonke inqubo yokulungiselela, imbewu ekhulayo yezithombo, yenziwa njengezimo ezijwayelekile zokutshala utamatisi endaweni evulekile noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Igama lokuhlwanyela imbewu likhethwa ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngaphambi kokutshalwa okuhlongozwayo kwezithombo ngamabhakede.
Linganisa imbewu, ukhethe enkulu futhi ngaphandle komonakalo, hlola ukuthi ukuhluma emanzini anosawoti. Ngemuva kwalokho ibulawa magciwane, ifakwe emanzini ukuze ihlume, icishwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ukuhlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi wezakhi kuya ekujuleni kuka-2 cm, kubekwe endaweni efudumele. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, iziqukathi zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kahle.
- Ukukhetha kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala, kujule emhlabathini kuze kufike ezingeni lama-cotyledons.
- Nikeza ngokunisela njalo kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza, ukondla njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokuhluma.
- Etshalwe lapho isitshalo sesakhe amaqabunga angaba yishumi
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala utamatisi ngamabhakede
Izithombo zale ndlela zikhethwa sezikhulile lapho sezineminyaka cishe emibili ubudala. Ingatshalwa emavikini lamabili ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile, uma kuzoba semkhakheni wezolimo okokuqala noma, uma kunokwenzeka, izithombo zingahanjiswa ziye egumbini uma kuvela ukuthi iqhwa libuya.
Ibhakede ngalinye libekwa libe linye ngasikhathi.
- Yenza ikhefu lokujula eli-15 cm.
- Umthombo olungiselelwe uthululwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (1 g nge-10 l lamanzi).
- Tshala isihlahla. Kunconywa ukujula emaqabunga angaphansi kwamaqabunga ukuze ube nezimpande ezingcono.
- Balala ngomhlaba, bebumbene, beniselwe.
Ukunakekelwa utamatisi endaweni ehlala njalo: abamba ukushisa noma umhlaba ovulekile
Lapho kukhula utamatisi ngamabhakede, ingxenye edla isikhathi kakhulu ukulungiselela izitsha nokutshala. Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwalezi zitshalo kuqukethe ezenzweni ezifanayo nangaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokutshala utamatisi, kulula kakhulu kunasemibhedeni:
Ukhula luyancishiswa, ngoba endaweni encane kangaka ukhula alukhuli ngokushesha, njengasemhlabathini ovulekile.
- Ukuvula umhlabathi, ukugoba izihlahla kulula. Ukwenza kube lula ukwedlula, amaqabunga aphansi asikiwe.
- Kunconywa ukwenza i-mulching ukuze ulondoloze kangcono umswakama enhlabathini futhi uvikeleke ezifweni.
- Benza i-pinching ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo lapho inqubo enjalo ingadingeki.
Ukunisela ngenxa yomiswa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi ezitsheni kudinga njalo, kodwa ngenani elincane kunasemibhedeni.
- UGarter wenzelwa izinhlobo ezinde ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokutshala, ngezinhlobo ezikhula kancane - emva kwe-15.
- Lapho kukhula emagumbini okugcina izithombo, kufakwa umoya omncane njalo.
- Ukuvimbelwa kwezifo kwenziwa njengasemibhedeni ejwayelekile - ngemuva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kwayo.
- Umanyolo usetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ukutshala utamatisi emabhakede awugcini nje ngokugcina isikhala, kepha futhi kuthola isivuno esiningi nesisencane sezithelo ezinkulu ezihlwabusayo (zezinhlobo zazo) ezihlahleni.
Ukutshala okunjalo okungajwayelekile kungasebenza ngisho njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa wesakhiwo sengadi.
UMnu Summer ohlala kule ndawo uyancoma: izinketho ezingejwayelekile zokutshala utamatisi ngamabhakede
Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokukhulisa utamatisi ngamabhakede. Ngakho-ke, abanye abalimi batshala utamatisi kokutshala okulengayo ukuze bonge isikhala, lapho izithombo zikhula khona kusukela emgodini ngezansi kwesitsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa okuhle, ukunambitheka kanye nezinye izici zezinhlobonhlobo kuyagcinwa.
Ungakhula ngempumelelo utamatisi esitsheni kuma-hydroponics, ungasebenzisa le ndlela kuphela ezimeni zokugcina ukushisa. Kulezi zinketho ezimbili, kudalwe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile obuvumela ukufeza imiphumela ephezulu.
