Izwe ngalinye linemihlobo yalo ethandwa kakhulu yezilwane zasemapulazini, okungcono kunezinye ezivumelane nendawo ethile, kuyilapho zihlukile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. Njengoba "isilwane" esithandwa kakhulu kulokhu kwakuyizinkomo, ngingathanda ukutshela ngaye kuqala. Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinkomo ezithandwa eBelarus, nokuthi ziyamangalisa yini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkomo zezinyosi nobisi eBelarus
Ubisi lwezinyosi luhlala cishe ngo-85% wendawo yonke yobisi emhlabeni, ngakho akumangazi ukuthi amaBelarusiya akhiqiza ngokuzithandela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-7 eyedlule, ukukhiqizwa kwalo ezweni kuye kwanda kuphela: kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6 500 ngonyaka ka-2011 kuya kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-7 500 ngo-2017. Uma siphumelela kulo mkhuba wokukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2018 lesi sibalo sizokwanda ngamanye ama-1-2%, futhi isifunda saseMinsk, ikakhulukazi izifunda ze-Logoisk neVolozhin, ngokujwayelekile kubhekwa njengomholi wokukhiqiza ubisi ezweni.
Funda mayelana nezinzuzo zobisi lwezinkomo ngomzimba womuntu.
Isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi cishe ngo-70%, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi ingxenye engaphezulu kwekota yesilinganiso esiphelele isele ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya, futhi, ngokusobala, lokhu kuwanele. 
Ngokuqondene nokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezwe, lapha futhi iBelarus iyakhula kuphela ijubane layo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2017, ukukhiqizwa kwenkomo kwenyuka ngo-8% uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka emine eyedlule, futhi ngo-2020 kuhlelwe ukuthekelisa amathani angu-152 000 alowo nyama phesheya. Ngokusho kwedatha engavumelekile, ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa waseBelarusian uyadla cishe ngo-100 kg wezinyama ngonyaka, futhi cishe ingxenye yesilinganiso senani yenkomo.
Uyazi? Igama lenkomo yenkomo ("inyama yenkomo") itholakala egameni elidala lesiRashiya elithi "yenkomo", okusho ukuthi "izinkomo".
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkomo ezithandwa eRiphabhliki
Uma sicabangela ukuphakama okukhulu kwenkomo ezweni, izinkomo eziningi zakhula minyaka yonke emapulazini emazingeni angasese kanye nesimo sombuso, ukukhetha hhayi inyama kuphela kodwa nezinhlobo zobisi. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizithunywa ze-black-motley, ama-red-steppe namadwala akwaSimmental, ahlukaniswa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu okukhiqiza.
Black and motley
Uhlobo lumelela ukuqondiswa kwezilwane zobisi futhi lwavela eNetherlands emakhulwini e-XVIII-XIX. Abalandeli bezinsuku zanamuhla abalambile yizinhlanga zaseDutch ne-Ostfriz, kodwa ngenxa yokuzivikela kwabo okuncane kanye nomzimba ongathandekile, abalimi kwakudingeka bathuthukise ukubeletha ngekhulu le-20, ngenxa yalokho inani labo lenyama liye landa. Isigaba esikhulayo sezinkomo ezimnyama ezibekwe amnyama saba uhlanga oluhlukile ngo-1960 kuphela. 
Ngokuqondene nezici zabo zangaphandle, kufanelekile ukugqamisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- ikhanda - isikhathi eside, ngesigxobo esiphezulu;
- izimpondo - grey, ngokuphela kokumnyama;
- intamo - isilinganiso ngobude, ngaphandle kwemisipha ebizwa, kodwa ngamafolda;
- isifuba - ububanzi bendawo, ukujula kwe-70-75 cm;
- ngemuva - flat, nge ngqo ephansi emuva kanye sacrum ebanzi;
- imilenze - elula futhi eqinile, ezinzile;
- isisu - imifino enamandla, enezimbiza ezenziwe ngendwangu kanye namasheya angathuthuki.
Ukuphakama kwezinkomo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezibukhali kuyi-130-132 cm (ubude bomzimba obunamafutha - 158-162 cm), nesisindo sika 550-650 kg kwabesifazane kanye no-900-1000 kg emadodeni. Ekuzalweni, isisindo samathole ngokuvamile siyi-37-42 kg.
Kubalulekile!Izinkomo ezimnyama nasezimhlophe eBelarus zenza u-99.8% wenani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yokulima.Lezi zinkomo zingaziqhayisa izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza, kodwa ikakhulukazi zixhomeke ekunakekeleni kwezilwane kanye nezimo zokuboshwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, kufanele ugxile kulezi zindinganiso ezilandelayo:
- ubisi ukukhiqiza ngonyaka - 3500-6000 kg;
- ubisi obisi - 3.4-3.6%, elinamaprotheni okuqukethwe kuka 3.1-3.3%;
- ukuhlatshwa inyama - 55-60%;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala - ukulinganisela, futhi ukwakha imisipha okusheshayo kudinga ukudla okunomsoco ngenani eliphansi lemithi yokwengeza.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkomo zobisi, umkhiqizo wabameli balezi zilwane ubavumela ukuba bahlale ezindaweni ezihamba phambili emakethe yanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa nezilwane uqhubeka ezweni namuhla, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizokwazi ukukhuluma ngamanani aphezulu okukhiqiza kuzo zonke izinkomba.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zobisi nezinkomo zezinkomo eRussia.
I-red steppe
Enye eyasakazeka eBelarus ukukhiqiza izinkomo zobisi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ajwayelekile kakhulu kunezikhathi ezedlule kuleli zwe, lokhu akuboni ukuba babonakale kancane. Umlando wokubukeka kobuhlanga ubuyela emuva ekhulwini le-XVIII, futhi okhokho bawo yizinkunzi zezinyoni zezingelosi nezinkomo ezivamile. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zezilwane ezintsha awuzange ume, futhi osanda kusanda ososayensi bazama ukuthuthukisa izinga lemikhiqizo yobisi nemikhiqizo ngokuwela i-steppe ebomvu ekhona nabamele abomvu abaDanishi. 
Ingaphandle yezilwane zanamuhla inezici ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda - ephakathi, enezimbungulu ezincane kanye nezimpondo eziphakathi;
- intamo - mncane, enezinhlanzi eziningi futhi wanda;
- isifuba - ejulile, kodwa hhayi ngokubanzi kakhulu, i-dewlap yakhula ngokuqinile;
- ngemuva - flat, ingxenye yangemuva ivulekile;
- imilenze - elula futhi eqinile;
- isisu - inkulu, kodwa ayibheki ukuzamazama;
- udder - usayizi ophakathi, ohlangene (ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izinkomo ezinezimo ezingavamile);
- i-suit - obomvu, ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene nokumhlophe.
Lapho ubuna, ukuphakama kwezinkomo zalolu hlobo akudluli ku-136-129 cm (ubude bomzimba obuhamba phambili - 155-160 cm), ngesisindo samadoda angu-800-900 kg nabesifazane abangaphansi kuka-550-600 kg. Abantu abasha abasha bahluke ngesisindo esingama-30 kg, kepha abasondelene nezinyanga eziyisithupha bangakwazi ukufinyelela ku-185 kg.
Uyazi? Inkomo ende kunazo zonke ezibalulwe eGuinness Book of Records yinkomo kaBlos, ehlala e-Illinois futhi wafa ngo-2015 ngemuva kokulimala komlenze. Ukuphakama kwayo kwakuyi-190 cm, futhi kusenayo idatha esemthethweni ukuthi leli rekhodi liphuliwe.Ukuxoxa ngenkomokazi ebomvu, umuntu akanakusiza kodwa anake izinkomba zomkhiqizo wayo, eqinisweni, izilwane ezinjalo zixabiswa. Amanani ajwayelekile kulokhu abukeka kanje:
- ubisi ukukhiqiza ngonyaka - 3500-4500 kg;
- ubisi obisi - 3.7-3.9%, elinamaprotheni okuqukethwe okungu-3.2-3.5%;
- ukuhlatshwa inyama - 54-56% (imisipha ayitholakali kahle kokubili ezinkomo nasezinkalweni);
- inzuzo yesisindo - Ngokwesilinganiso, nge-fattening enamandla, 900 g ngosuku.
Naphezu kwezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokukhiqiza inyama, inkomo ebomvu i-red cow ayifuni nje kuphela eBerrusrus, kodwa futhi naseRussia eyakhelene nayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamakhono ayo aguquguqukayo kanye nokukwazi ukuvumelanisa cishe noma yiziphi izimo zezulu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici zokuzalisa izinkomo ezibomvu.
Simmental
Omdala kunabo bonke izinhlobo ezimelelwe. Abacwaningi namanje abanalo umbono ovamile mayelana nemvelaphi yale nyama nezilwane zobisi, futhi into kuphela abavumelana ngayo ivela ezweni lakithi - iSwitzerland. Ngokombono othile, phakathi kookhokho bezinkomo zanamuhla zakwaSimmental (igama lesibili yiBern) kunezinkambo zasendle eziwela izinkomo ze-Helvet, futhi ngenxa yesibili, izinkomo zaseScandinavia ezalethwa emazweni aseSwitzerland ngekhulu lesihlanu zaziyi-progenitors zohlobo.
Ngaphandle, lezi ziyizinkomo ezibonakalayo ezikhangayo, ezivela kuzo zonke izici zazo zangaphandle:
- ikhanda - egcwele, enkulu, enekhanda elikhulu kanye nephuzi elimhlophe elimhlophe nama-amehlo akhe;
- izimpondo ezikhanyayo - amancane, ikakhulukazi anamathela ohlangothini;
- intamo - emifushane nemisipha, ehamba kahle esifubeni;
- isifuba - ejulile, izinkunzi zihlaselwa ngokucacile;
- ngemuva - flat, ngokushelela ukuphenduka uhambo olude kanye sacrum (le croup kunalokho kakhulu);
- imilenze - Kulungile, usethe kahle, ngama-pink hooves ngezansi;
- isisu - emhlophe, kancane kancane, kodwa ephuma ezinhlangothini, udade uhlosiwe;
- i-suit - ukhilimu noma ukhilimu-motley, nakuba izilwane ezibomvu ezibomvu noma ezibomvu nezimhlophe zivame ukutholakala.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi kwababameleli bezinye izikhathi kukhona abantu abanemilenze yangemuva, abahlelwe njengezindlovu. Lesi sici kubhekwa njengesihluku sohlobo futhi sikwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwesilwane sokuzalanisa.Isisindo sezinkomo zomuntu omdala kusukela ku-550 kuya ku-900 kg, kuyilapho izinkunzi zifinyelela amanani ka-850-1300 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo samathole asanda kuzalwa sivame ukudlula u-45 kg, yingakho ukuzalwa kokuqala kuvame ukubhekana nezinkinga. Ukuphakama ekubheni kwenkomo emdala kuhluka phakathi kuka 145-155 cm nobude bomzimba buka-160 cm.
Ngokuqondene nezimfanelo ezikhiqizayo zezinkomo ze-Simmental, amaBellarusiya aziwazisa izinkomba ezilandelayo:- ubisi ukukhiqiza ngonyaka - 3500-5000 kg nokuningi;
- ubisi obisi - 3.8-4.0%, elinamaprotheni okuqukethwe okungu-4-5%;
- ukuhlatshwa inyama - 55-65%;
- ikhwalithi yenyama - ephezulu, ehlukaniswa nokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori eliphezulu;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala - ukuzuza okulinganiselayo kwesisindo samasheya amancane 850-1100 g ngosuku;
- ukuphakama okukhulu kwamathole amabili.
Funda ukuthi ungakhathalela kanjani nokuthi ungondla kanjani izinkomo ze-Simmental.
Izinkomo ze-Simmental ziyizilwane ezinamandla futhi eziqinile, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba unakekele kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezichazwe. Noma yikuphi kuzokwehlukaniswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kuphela uma kwenzeka izimo ezinhle nokudla okunempilo, futhi uma sicabangela izibalo zokuthunyelwa kwezilwane zobisi zaseBelarusian nobisi, abalimi bezwe bayakwazi lokhu ngokuqinisekile.
