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Yondla ngamathole

Ezinsukwini zakudala, izinkomo zidla kuphela utshani obusika, futhi ebusika, utshani, ezilungiselelwe ngokucophelela ngumphathi. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sethu sobuchwepheshe, amathuba okulondoloza indlela efanayo yokuncelisa izinkomo ahlala kancane kancane, futhi ezimweni zepulazi elikhulu noma epulazini lalabo akekho.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ababelethi sekuyisikhathi eside bafaka ekudleni kwezilwane zabo ezifuywayo ngezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okuhlangene. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukukhulisa amathole, kodwa ukudla okunempilo kwezilwane ezincane kunezici zayo siqu okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kugweme ukukhathazeka kwamathumbu nezinye izinkinga ngesimiso sokugaya izinkomo.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga zokudla izinkomo zokudla

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukudla ekudalweni kokudla kwezinkomo ziyabonakala. Ngokuyinhloko, izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokudla yilo:

  • kufaka konke okudingekayo kwizinto zesilwane (amaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini namaminerali) emzimbeni owaziwa ngumlimi, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlela nokulungisa ukudla kwenkomo kuye ngezimo ezithile (izitezi, ukondla izilonda, abesifazane abakhulelwe, amathole ahlukeneyo, izilwane ezigulayo noma ezibuthakathaka, njll);
  • kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane zithola inani eliphakeme lemithi enezondlo zokudla okuncane;
  • ivumela "ukuphoqa" inkomo ukuba idle lezo zakhi ezibalulekile empilweni yayo ukuthi isilwane senqaba ukudla ngendlela yaso ehlanzekile;
  • kahle kakhulu;
  • kulula ukuzwakalisa;
  • inambitheka kakhulu futhi idliwa ngokuphelele izilwane (ukulahlekelwa okuncane);

    • Thola ukuthi ingakanani inkomo ejwayelekile, inkunzi nethole isisindo, nokuthi unganquma kanjani isisindo sezilwane ezifuywayo ngaphandle kwezisindo.

  • kuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwezinkomo, kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwezifo eziningi;
  • kuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokuzala zezilwane;
  • enikezwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukuvumelana (usayizi we-granule) nokwakheka, okukuvumela ukuba ukhethe okukhethwa kukho okulungile kunesilwane sanoma yisiphi isikhathi nenhloso;
  • iphephile endaweni yokuhlanzeka, ingaphansi kokungcola abahlinzeki, ayiqukethe i-microflora ye-pathogenic, okungenzeka ibe khona ekudleni kwemvelo (hay, utshani, ukudla kokudla) - ngenxa yalokho, izinkomo zingaphansi kokugula, iphesenti lokufa kwezilwane ezincane liyancipha;
  • yenza kube lula ukuvuna inqolobane, okubangela ukwanda komkhiqizo wabasebenzi nokunciphisa izindleko zohlelo lonke lokukhiqiza (ukwandisa inzuzo yebhizinisi);
  • kulula ukuthuthwa futhi kulungiselelwe isitoreji, kancane kuvezwe umonakalo, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zomswakama okhulayo noma okushisa okuphansi, futhi uhlala endaweni encane (uma uqhathaniswa nendawo efanayo);
  • ikuvumela ukuba uthuthukise izinkomba eziningana nezokufaneleka zenyama nobisi ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwazo zonke izimali ezisetshenziselwa ukondla.

Kubalulekile! Kubonakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwesilwane, ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana namavithamini e-vithamini, kuvumela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomo (inzuzo yesisindo, ubuningi bebisi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanoni) ngekota, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okwesithathu kuqhathaniswa nokudla nokudla kwemvelo. Isibonelo, ukugcoba kwe-stock esincane ukuhlamba isisindo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemihlahlandlela yesimanje kungancishiswa kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-16 kuya kwezi-12.

Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa isondlo, umlimi angaqiniseka ukuthi amawadi akhe athola okusanhlamvu okuphezulu nezitshalo, utshani nofulawa wephayini, amavithamini namaminerali "ebhodleleni elilodwa." Uma sikhuluma ngeziphambeko, ngakho-ke ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-compound ukondla labo bambalwa. Mayelana nalokhu, singakwazi ukuqaphela kuphela:

  • izindleko eziphezulu zezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo enjalo;
  • inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kwezobuchwepheshe yokuzikhiqiza;
  • amaphutha okungenzeka asetshenzisiwe, ukwephula umthamo, ukwakheka, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ekhaya, njll, kungathinta impilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo;
  • Uma kungenwa kokuqala kokudla kokudla kwenkonyane, umntwana angase ahlangabezane nezinkinga zokusebenza zesistimu yokugaya ukudla;
  • uma izinkomo kusukela ebuntwaneni engazijwayele lolu hlobo lokudla, zinganqabela ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwamukela ukunambitheka noma ukuthungwa okungajwayelekile kwondlo entsha. Kulesi simo, umlimi kufanele asebenzise izindlela ezihlukahlukene, ahlanganise nokudla okuhlukene phakathi kwawo, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe.

Izinhlobo

Ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kuyahluka kuye ngokubunjwa, ifomu, injongo, nezinye izinqubo. Ngakho izinkomo ezizalisayo, ukukhulelwa, ukugaya, izinkomo ezomile namathole zidinga ukudla okuhlukile. Ngetulu kwalokho, esitokisini esincane kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kokudla okuxubekile kuye ngokuthi ubudala, isibonelo, abakhiqizi banikela ukudla kwethole:

  • kusukela ngosuku lwe-10 kuya ku-75 lokuphila;
  • kusukela ngosuku lwe-76 ukuya ku-115 lokuphila;
  • kusukela ngo-116 kuya ku-400 ngosuku lokuphila;
  • kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-1 ukuya kwezi-6;
  • kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12;
  • kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya kwezi-18, njll.
Kubalulekile! Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasemapulazini, izinkomo azizithobeki kakhulu ezimweni zokuboshwa, kodwa kubonisa ukuzwela okubalulekile kwekhwalithi yesondlo.
Lesi sici sibheka abasha endaweni yokuqala, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umlimi omnumzane aqonde izimfanelo eziyinhloko zezinhlobo ezikhona zokudla okuhlanganisiwe bese ukhetha lezo ezifanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa epulazini lakhe.

Ngendlela yokukhululwa

Ukukhishwa kwefomu - enye yezinqubo eziyinhloko zokuhlelwa kokudla kwesilwane. Kusetshenziselwa izinkomo, okuxekethile, okuphakelayo, nezigcofu.

Kulula

Ifolishi edibeneyo ehlanganisiwe yinkimbinkimbi ehambisana nendawo ehlanjululwayo futhi echotshoziwe ezingxenyeni ezisayizi ezifiswayo ezenza ukudla okuvamile kwenkomo (hay, utshani, ikhekhe, okusanhlamvu, inyama, inyama kanye nesifuba, amavithamini namaminerali amaminerali ahlukahlukene, njll), kodwa ihlangene ngokuhambisana nge zokupheka ezithile ezisekelwe ngokwesayensi.

Kungase kube khona izinhlobo ezintathu zokugaya - ezincane, eziphakathi nezinkulu.

Uyazi? Amathole ayisishiyagalolunye ayishumi angahlali ekubulaleni ubudala abulawa nezifo zesisu noma izinambuzane ezifaka umzimba ngokudla. Ngakho-ke, impumelelo yokukhiqiza inyama yenkomo kanye nebhizinisi lokuthengisa ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kukhwalithi yokudla.
Le ndlela yiyona elula ukuyilungisa, ngakho-ke, i-ceteris paribus, ishibhile kunamanye amafomu amabili (uma intengo yamapellets noma i-briquettes isezansi kunondlo eningi, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sigaba siyizinga eliphezulu kakhulu).

Ukudla okune-granulated

Kulesi simo, ukubunjwa okuxekethile okulungiselelwe ngenhla ngenhla usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-granulator, icindezelwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephakeme kuya kwi-clumps emikhulu (ama-granules) ofanayo, ngokuvamile okuyi-cylindrical shape nesayizi.

Ubukhulu be-granule ngayinye, kuye ngokuthi iminyaka yesilwane lapho umkhiqizo uhloselwe ukondliwa khona, isukela ku-4.7 kuya ku-19 mm.

Ama-granules anezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kokudla okukhulu, okungukuthi:

  • kulula ukugcina nokuthutha;
  • zifanelekile kakhulu emapulazini ezondla izinkomo;
  • Izakhi ekubunjweni kwazo azihambisani nomonakalo okwenziwe ngomshini futhi zihlale zihanjiswa ngendlela efanayo (ngefomu elivulekile, okuthiwa ukuzikhethela kungenzeka);
  • banikeza ukulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu uma kusetshenziselwa (i-granulate ichithelwa kancane ukusuka kwabanikezeli);
  • izakhi ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-granulation ziwela emafomu elula kalula, futhi wonke amavithamini alondolozwe ngokuphelele;
  • Ukucubungula okwengeziwe kuhilela ukubhujiswa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic, okungenzeka ibe khona ezintweni zokuqala zokusetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke, izindleko eziphakeme ze-granulate ngokuvamile zizilungele ngokwazo.
Funda mayelana nezigaba zokudla zamathole namavithamini ukuthi izilwane ezincane zidinga ukukhula okusheshayo.

I-Briquetted

Ilungiselelwe cishe okufana ne-granular, kodwa yenziwa ifomu elikhudlwana - amathayili aphathekayo angama-rectangular, angaba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Isisekelo, noma okungenani hhayi ngaphansi kwesigamu, sokudla okunjalo ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe izingxenye ezinamafutha (hay, utshani), nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ifomu, isisindo, isiraphu yesondlo (i-molasses) isetshenziswa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-briquettes enjalo kufanele ichotshozwe, kodwa ihamba kahle, ifakwe futhi igcinwe, okwenza leli fomu likhangele ikakhulukazi emapulazini amakhulu emfuyo.

Ukuya khona

Uma ukhetha ukondla, umlimi akumele acabange ngesimo sakhe kanye nesigaba (ubulili, ubudala, injongo) yezilwane okuhloswe ngazo lokhu kudla. Iqiniso liwukuthi imikhiqizo ethile iyimithombo ephelele yokudla, kuyilapho amanye ama-supplements noma izithasiselo zokudla. Ukuze ungaphutha, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe izimpawu ezivame ukuvunyelwa ezikhonjiswa umenzi kuphakheji.

I-Polnoratsionny (i-PC)

Lolu hlobo lokudla oluhlangene luhlanganisa zonke izinto ezidingekayo kwisigaba esifanele sesilwane sokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile nokugcwele. Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo ikakhulukazi kuqukethe okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi ama-oats, ukolweni kanye nebhali, noma kunjalo, uma wenza ukwakheka okuqondile, "iqembu" labathengi "kucatshangelwa" izigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane. Isibonelo amathole amancane kakhulu anikezwa ama-PC angaphambi kokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuphezulu nokukhula. Khona-ke, izinhlobo zokudla zokuqala ziqala ekudleni, njll. Le ndlela ivumela ukwandisa umkhiqizo womuntu ngamunye futhi, ngokufanele, ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yomnotho kulo lonke umnotho.

Uyazi? Inkabi e-Marbled evela kwenkomo yaseJapane i-Wagyu yinyama ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni. I-kilogram ye-fillet enjalo ingadla okungaphezu kwama-$ 500, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile izingcezu zethenda zibizwa nge-$ 1,000 nge-steak encane. Ukuze uthole inyama enjalo ebalulekile, amaJapane asekela izilwane zawo ngamagilebhisi amahle kakhulu, uwaphuze ubhiya futhi enze massage ngenxa. Futhi abalimi base-Australia, maduzane bakhula le nkomo, esikhundleni sokuba ubhiya "plebeian" ubanika iwayini elibomvu elimnandi.
I-PC ingasetshenziselwa ngokugcwele umfuyi wezinkomo endaweni evamile emapulazini amancane e-hay, okusanhlamvu nokuhlanganiswa okusanhlamvu okungakwazi ukunikeza umphumela ofanayo.

Ukugxila (K)

Ngokungafani nokudla okuphezulu kwezinga eliphezulu, ama-concentrated aqukethe inani elinyuka lama-protini, amaminerali, amavithamini kanye ne-fiber. Akazihloswanga ukushintsha ezinye izinhlobo zokudla, kodwa kuphela ukufaka kuso, uhlobo lomanyolo, olwenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwesilwane nokuqinisa imithi yakhe. Ukwakhiwa kokugxila kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili - i-carbohydrate neprotheyini ephezulu. Izangaphambili zisekelwe kummbila, amabele, ukolweni, ibhali (okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate kufinyelela ku-70%), okulandelayo kufaka ama-soybeans, i-peas kanye nezinye izitshalo, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhekhe lokudla (amaprotheni okuqukethwe kuze kube ku-25%). Ukudla okugxilwe kahle kusetshenziswe kangcono ebusika, ukuwahlanza ngokusanhlamvu, utshani, isiliva, utshani nezimpande. Inani elikhulu lalabo abagxila ekudleni akufanele lidlule 50%.

Ukugxila kunganikezwa ngamathole efomini elomile noma kuhlanganiswe namanzi ngesimo se-porridge.

Hlanganisa izingxube

Eqinisweni, izingxube zokudla zimelela ukudla okunempilo kwamathole, okungahlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa ukugxila. Izinhlobo eziningana zokudla okugxilisiwe (kufaka phakathi i-carbohydrate namaprotheni) zixutshwe ndawonye futhi zihlanjululwe ngotshani, kanye nama-molasses noma i-feed urea ehlanzekile, engumthombo omuhle we-nitrogen.

Kubalulekile! I-Urea ingafakwa ukufaka izingxube ezinkomeni ezinesisindo esingenani 250 kg. Isisu sikathole sine-microflora ebuthakathaka kakhulu ukucubungula ammonia.
I-high-quality mix ingxube ingalungiselelwa ngokuzimela, futhi amapulazi amakhulu emfuyo enza kanjalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga kakhulu ukulandela iresiphi, ngakho-ke abalimi be-novice bahlale benethuba lokuthenga ingxube yokondla eyenziwe ngomumo, okufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo ngokulingana okulungile.

Izithasiselo (BVD)

Uphawu "i-BVD" lumizela ukwesezela kwamaprotheni-vithamini. Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kuhlanganisa, ngakho-ke, amaprotheni, amavithamini kanye nosawoti wamaminerali okudingekayo ithole kwisigaba esithile sokuthuthukiswa kwawo. Ama-BVD avumela umlimi ukuba alungiselele ukudla okunomsoco ngokugcwele emhlambini wakhe, okwandisa umxube we-protein namaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali ngokungeza u-20-25% we-BVD kuwo.

Ama-Premixes (P)

Ama-premixes ayinhlanganisela yokudla ekudleni kwezinkomo. Zenzelwe ukucebisa ukudla okusetshenziswe umlimi ngamavithamini, amino acid ebalulekile kanye nezinye izingxenye ezandisa ukwelashwa kwesilwane futhi zivuselele ukukhula kwawo.

Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ithole uma uthenga nokuthi yisiphi isidlaliso sokucabanga ngaso.

Isisekelo se-premixes sivame ukolweni kanye nesikolweni segoroyi, kanye nokudla kanye nokudla okudliwayo noma ukudla okunama-soya. Ngokungafani ne-BVD, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa kakhulu ezengeziwe ezihlanganisiwe zokudla - azikho ngaphezu kwephesenti eyodwa.

Okuvame ukufakwa ku-feed

Ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kwezinkomo, okuyiqiniso, kuhluke kakhulu ekubunjweni, noma kunjalo, uma sikhuluma ngeqembu eligcwele lomkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi:

  • okusanhlamvu - ibhali, i-millet, i-corn, i-oats, ukolweni (kugcizelelwe kufakwe phezulu, kufika ku-70%, okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamaprotheni). Izitshalo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa u-65% womxube wokudla;
  • izitshalo - ama-soybean, i-peas, ubhontshisi, i-lupins. Leli qembu lemikhiqizo lenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngomzimba wesilwane ngeprotheyini ephelele;
  • i-roughage (utshani, utshani);
  • inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba;
  • ukungcola kwamaviki amasonto ama-Pancake (ikhekhe, ukudla);
  • utshani nofulawa wephayini;
  • inyama nenhlanzi;
  • usawoti uhlanzekile kakhulu;
  • izakhi zamaminerali (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfure, manganese, iron, zinc, iodine, ithusi, cobalt, selenium, njll);
  • ama-vitamin supplement (carotene, cholecalciferol, tocopherol, menadione, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, i-pantothenic acid, i-biotin).

Sincoma ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ithole lithemba futhi lingadli kahle.

Iminyaka engakanani nokuthi ungondla kanjani amathole

Kukhona ukondla kokuqala kokuqala kwamathole, okuhloswe ukuba ukondle abantwana kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa kakhulu ukuthi okungenani amasonto amabili kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa akubandakanyi ekudleni kwethole noma yikuphi ukudla ngaphandle kwebala. Khona-ke ungakwazi ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane uqale ukuhlukanisa ukudla, kubandakanya ubisi obuphelele, ukuhlanekezela, amazambane abilisiwe kanye nokuxuba okukhethekile okondla iminyaka efanelekayo. Kulesi simo, ubisi lwethole kufanele luqhubeke nokuthola okungenani izinyanga ezintathu. Isibonelelo samalanga onke sokudla kwamathole asikho. Izinkunzi ezincane zinezifo ezincane kakhulu zokugaya ukudla, okumele umlimi akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo, futhi lapha konke kuyedwa. Kulo mzuzu, lapho inani le-starter lenkondlo elondliwa ngumntwana lifinyelela ku-kilogram elilodwa nesigamu, okusanhlamvu noma ukudla okujwayelekile okuhlanganisiwe kuhlanganiswa ekudleni. Ngokuvamile, ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuphila, izinsana zidla cishe u-18 kg wokuqala ukuhlanganisa ngokubambisana nobisi wonke kuze kufike ku-25 kg wokuqala uma usebenzisa ubisi obumhlophe noma abathintekayo ubisi.

Uyazi? Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila, ithole liyakwazi ukuphuza kuze kufike amalitha ayisishiyagalolunye e-colostrum nokunciphisa ukondla kwengane ngalesi sikhathi akunakwenzeka neze.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ehlangene yokukhulisa izinkomo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yesimanje yokuthengiswa kwezilwane. Lokhu kudla kunezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa ngaphezu komsoco ngesimiso sokudla okukhululekile, kodwa, ngokungafani nalokho okugcina, kudinga indlela yokucabangela evela kumlimi nokukhathalela okukhulu. Kokubili ukwedluleleka nokuntuleka kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwamaxube kanye nezithasiselo zingathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwe-stock esincane kanye nokukhiqizwa komhlambi omdala, futhi uma kwenzeka amaphutha amakhulu, ngisho nokuholela ezifweni nasekufeni kwezilwane.

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