Naphezu kwenani elikhulu elikhona lezinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi, abalimi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa izici zesitshalo. Abanye balimi balimaze ukuthenga umkhiqizo omusha, futhi othile uthemba izinhlobo ezihlolwe isikhathi. Enye yezinhlobo ezaziwayo ugqumugqumu - I-Malachite, ngaye futhi sizoxoxwa namhlanje.
Umlando wezinhlobo zokuzalanisa
Emzini waseRussia waseMichurinsk ku-All-Russian Research Institute Yokulima. UMichurin ngaphansi kokubhalwa kukaSergeeva wadalwa ngokudlulisa izinhlobo zePenicus noBlack Negus uhlobo olusha lwe-Malachite. Ngo-1949 isicelo sokuhlola ezihlukahlukene sathunyelwa eKomitini Yombuso ye-RSFSR yokuhlolwa nokuvikelwa kokuphumelela kokuzalana. Futhi ngo-1959, ezihlukahlukene zavunyelwa ukuba zikhule, izindawo zaphakanyiswa, phakathi kwazo yi-Lower Volga, i-Ural ne-Far East.
Incazelo yehlathi
Isihlahla se-ugqumugqumu esihlahla sama-Malachite sinomsoco, sinomqhele omkhulu, ubude (kuze kube ngamamitha angama-1 nengxenye phezulu). Amagatsha amancane anamathelana, amagatsha amancane aqoshiwe, anamaqabunga aluhlaza, angenawo onqenqemeni. Lezi zinhlayiya zingashadile, kodwa ziphinde ziphindwe kabili, zitholakala ngokulandelana kwesimo segatsha, emineni kanye nase-internode. 
Emahlumela, ama-spik of ubude obuphakathi nobukhulu, kuma-internodes - amancinci futhi amancane, akhule kakhulu, ngakho-ke isihlahla sibhekwa njengesixhumi esiphezulu. Ama-emerald amahlamvu aluhlaza, umumo ohlosiwe, onqenqemeni oqoshiwe oqoshiwe weplate, engxenyeni engenhla iyabushelela, ingxenye ephansi yi-pubescent. Ama-blades we-sheet ahlanjululwe.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezinhlobo ze-gooseberry ezingenasici.
Incazelo yamajikijolo
Amajikijolo amakhulu amakhulu, ukuvuthwa, athola isisindo kuze kufike amagremu ayisithupha. Umkhawulo wesikhumba awukho, isikhumba simbozwe nge-wax. Umbala wesithelo uhambisana negama lezinhlobonhlobo - i-malachite-eluhlaza. Ngenxa yesikhumba esincane, esicacile ngaphezu kwesizinda sangokwemvelo, esinezinyosi, ubhedu bubonakala sengathi buguquguqukayo.
I-berry igcinwe ngesigqinsi esincane, eside kunomthunzi omnyama. Isithelo sinembewu eminingi encane. Ugqumugqumu unamafutha akhanyayo; ngezinga elingamaphuzu angu-5, ukunambitheka kwalo kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-3.7: okumnandi, okuqabulayo, okumuncu. 
Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokulima izinhlobo ezinjalo zokugcoba, njengokuthi: "Grushenka", "Kolobok" ne "Komandor".
Izici ezihlukahlukene
I-Malachite ayizithobeki futhi inezici ezinhle, lapho abalimi abaningi kanye nezakhamuzi zasehlobo bekubonga khona.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Ngokusho kokutholakala kweKhomishana kaHulumeni, uMalachite unamandla okuphikisa isikhumba se-powdery, ngokumelene ne-anthracnose, futhi cishe akuhambisani nokuhlaselwa yizigubhu nokuqothula umlilo. Awukwazi ukugqwala futhi i-Septoria, ingathinteka ezinye izinambuzane.
Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuzivikela - ukwelashwa nge-fungicides kanye nezinambuzane, ukusika ngesikhathi nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi - kubalulekile kulesi sitshalo.
Ukumelana nesomiso nobunzima bebusika
Ukugqumugqa okwesaba ukuguquka okubukhali ekushiseni, ukukhishwa kwamamaki ku-thermometer abamesabi. Izinhlobonhlobo zavuswa ngenxa yokukhula kwamahora abandayo nabanda. Kodwa-ke, izifunda ezinjalo azifani futhi zishisa kakhulu ehlobo; ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo asibekezeli kahle isomiso. Ehlobo udinga ukuchelela okuningi. 
Isikhathi sokubeletha
I-Malachite ihlukaniswa nokuvuthwa okuqala: ngoMeyi iyakhukhula, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJune, futhi ekupheleni kukaJulayi bavuna. Isihlahla sithela izithelo ngokungavumelani nangesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ungathatha izitshalo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kepha uma ungathathi isithelo ngokushesha, kodwa unikeze "ukufinyeleleka" okuncane, bazothola i-hue yegolide nomnandi omuhle.
Bheka futhi ezinye izitshalo zezihlahla: i-algae algae, i-goji, amagilebhisi, ama-raspberries, i-currants, i-sea buckthorn, i-sunberry nenja.
Ukuthela
I-self-fruiting, iqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emibili emva kokutshala. Ukuvuna kokuqala akukona okukhulu kakhulu, kodwa eminyakeni elandelayo bavuna ama-kilogremu amane ukusuka esihlahleni. I-Fruiting ihlala iminyaka engaba yishumi nanhlanu, ngokunakekelwa kahle kokuvunwa kwe-ugqumugqumu cishe akuyinciphisi.
Ukuthutha
I-pepper ye-ugqumugqumu, naphezu kobuhle bayo, inamandla futhi ikhuluphele. Amajikijolo ngaphandle kokulimala angathathwa ezindaweni ezide, kungekho ukulahleka kokubukeka noma ukunambitheka.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukutshala i-Malachite kufanele ukhethe indawo evulekile, futhi ucabangele ukusondela kwemithi yezithelo, okuyinto umqhele ongagubha ilanga ugqumugqumu. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezinguquko zesimo sezulu nemimoya, kodwa nokho kuyisitoreji esifiselekayo kusuka emaphethelweni. 
Indawo engathandeki yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokutshala ezindaweni eziphansi akuyona into engathandeki; lokhu kungabangela izifo ezifayo. Ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele kube khona eduze kwamamitha ayisithupha nengxenye phezulu, isayithi lingcono noma liphakeme kancane.
Ukukhwabanisa uthanda inhlabathi ehlanzekile, ehlanjululwe kahle ngaphandle kwemithombo yokhula, ngokuphendula okuncane noma okungahambi kahle. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-aerated kahle; ukunikezwa kunikelwa emhlabathini omnyama noma ku-loam.
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi sikaTsar Ivan III, ogwini loMfula waseMoscow kwakukhona izingadi lapho ama-gooseberries ayanda khona. Futhi ibheri elidala laseRussia lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-bersen", ngakho igama elithi Bersenevskaya.
Isikhathi nesikimu sokufika
I-Gooseberries itshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa lokhu okuthandekayo: amahlumela atshalwe ngoSeptemba ayoba nesikhathi sokuqothula futhi akhule eqinile ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu elibandayo. Kutshalwa ekuhlanjululeni kusuka emanzini okushisa utshani nenye ukhula emhlabathini. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla, uma lihanjiswa, alingaphansi kwamitha.
Umgodi ugciniwe cishe ngo-40 cm, ububanzi obufanayo. Ukukhwabanisa ukuthanda umquba, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala ngamunye kufanele sibeke ingxube enomsoco womquba ovuthiwe kanye nomuthi wokhuni (10 kg umquba / 100 g ash) emgodini ngamunye. Uma izinga lomhlabathi liphansi, ungangeza ama-gramu angu-50 we-superphosphate. 
Izithombo ziyanconywa emgodini ekhoneni elincane, elimbozwe inhlabathi, liphansi kancane, bese lichitheka ngamanzi (cishe ibhakede esihlahleni).
Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukunakekela izihlahla - isihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle. Ukuhlanza okwesikhashana umhlabathi kanye nezihlahla kuzosindisa ugqumugqumu kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, futhi ukukhula kwe-weeding ngeke kuvumele izidumbu ukuba zitshale izakhi, zilahlwe isiko.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukunisela kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi eshisayo, kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ukunisela kufanele kube njengenhlabathi eyomile, ukuze ingadluli inhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwama-ovari, amagatsha amancane, ngesikhathi kuvela nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, izithelo ze-ugqumugqumu ziqoqwe ama-acids futhi azitholi isisindo.
Inhlabathi esiteshini somuthi kufanele ikhululiwe ukuze i-oxygenate uhlelo lwempande yesitshalo, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi izinqubo eziphezulu zomsuka.
Ukuhluma kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe isitshalo: ukhula luyakunciphisa ugqumugqumu ngomswakama kanye nezakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhula lukhula, lwakhula, kanti lokhu kuyingozi yezifo zebhaktheriya.
Ukuze ungakhathazeki ngezinga elifanele lokuswakama noma ukwakheka kanzima emgqeni ozungeza isiqu, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ihlanganiswe ngendwangu, lapho umswakama ugcinwa ngokuphelele futhi ukukhula kokhula kuvinjelwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo kuthinteka umsoco ohlinzekwa isivuno ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo entwasahlobo sidinga nitrogen, esiza ukwakha mass yayo eluhlaza (urea 45 g, ammonium nitrate 60 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla). 
Lapho amaqabunga eqala ukufometha, achitha ukudla kokubili nge-phosphorus, kwanele ukwengeza ama-60 g we-superphosphate ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ekuseni, emva kokuvuna, umanyolo we-potash-phosphate usetshenziswa, okuzoqinisa uhlelo lwempande kanye nezinkuni zesitshalo ebusika. Izipuni ezimbili ze-superphosphate ne-potassium chloride zenziwa ngaphansi kwe-shrub.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Inqubo yokuqala yokusika izihlahla yenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala: unciphise amahlumela, eshiya cishe amahlumela ayisithupha. Isihlahla esilandelayo se-sanitary senziwa ngaphambi kokuhamba kwamajusi nokuvuvukala kwezinso.
Esikhathini sekwindla, amagatsha endala nabonakalisiwe asusiwe, amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, futhi avimbele ukukhula kwamanye amagatsha. Kufanele ugweme ukuqina kwehlathi, ukuze ungabhubhisi izifo nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ukwehliswa kwe-autumn ehlanzekile njengoba isihlahla sikhula sihilela ukususa iziqongo zamahlumela, lapho amajikijolo echotshozwa khona, esusa amagatsha ezinyaka ezinhlanu. 
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokudubula, zonke izicucu kumele ziphathwe nge-garden pitch ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngaphandle kokudubula kwekwindla, inqubo yokulungiselela ubusika ihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwesiyingi somuthi kusuka emaqabungeni awile, amagatsha nezinye izidumbu. Kuphela amagatsha avundile kakhulu (cishe amahlanu) asele ebusika, amanye aphezu komhlaba.
I-Pristvolny i-mulch peat circle, i-sawdust, i-humus. Ngemuva kweqhwa, iqhwa leqhwa liqhutshelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Uma kukhona imvula encane, faka izinto ezikhethekile (agrospan).
Ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane
Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kwamajikijolo kunquma indlela ehlukahlukene yokusetshenziswa kwabo ekuphekeni. Amajikijolo adliwa fresh, alungise izithelo zesithelo nezithelo-izitshalo zemifino. In the gooseberries ebusika roll compote, jam, jam, jam, amajikijolo kanye nqabela.
Izithelo zisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ama-pie, ama-syrups abilisiwe nama-toppings, i-marshmallow ephekiwe, i-marmalade, i-jelly, iziphuzo eziqabulayo izithelo, amajikijolo ahlotshiswe nge-dessert. Ukuthinta okungajwayelekile kokudla kwenyama, izinhlanzi, izinkukhu nokuhlobisa kunika ama-sauces. I-Berry ithandwa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni iziphuzo ezidakayo: i-liqueur, iwayini, i-liqueur. 
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukulondolozwa kwezithelo ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- ubude befruiting;
- Ukukhetha okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezithelo;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi;
- ubukhulu besithelo;
- akukho ukuchitha amajikijolo lapho kuvuthiwe;
- i-powdery isikhutha ukumelana;
- ukumelana okuphakeme emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Uyazi? Ukusiketshezi okuluhlaza okwedlulele, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo ephezulu ye-pectin, kunconywa abantu abahilelekile ekukhiqizeni okuyingozi. Izimo zibopha futhi zikhishwe yi-toxin, usawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo, ukuvezwa kwemisebe yezinga.
Izinkinga:
- ukunciphisa isifo sokuzivikela nokugqwala;
- ukuthambekela kokumisa amahlumela.
Ngokuvamile, ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi bebanga likaMalachite. Isiko singakhula ngokushisa okubandayo, ngokunakekelwa kahle, isihlahla siveza izithelo isikhathi eside, amajikijolo anesethulo esihle futhi usayizi omuhle. I-ugqumugqumu, ngaphandle kwalokho, iyisiko eliwusizo, kukhona insimbi eningi kuwo, i-ascorbic acid, i-calorile ephansi, eyenza ukuthi amajikijolo angadliwa ngabantu abanesisindo esiningi.
