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Indlela yokutshala nokukhula anyanisi "Centurion"

I-onion yaseDutch yokuqala "i-Centurion" namuhla ijabulela inhlanhla ye-hybrid engcono, ephathelene nokukhiqiza nokukhuthazela ngeke ithole umncintiswano ofanelekayo. Kuhlehliswa ekunakekeleni, ukumelana nezifo eziningi, futhi ngisho nokugcinwa isikhathi eside. Yikuphi ukuhlukahluka okuthandwayo, ukuthi kuphi nokuthi kungakhula kanjani - sizokutshela kamuva esihlokweni, futhi sibonise izimfihlo zokukhulisa isivuno semikhiqizo yemifino.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Izitshalo eziphakeme, ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukungathobeki nokukhuthazela - lezi yizici eziyinhloko ezichaza "i-Centurion". Abadali bale hybrid yaseDashi ekuqaleni bazimisele ngenhloso yalo yokukhuphula i-turnips.

Ngakho-ke, akufanele uzame ekhaya ukuze wande imbewu yemifino indlela. Ungakhula kuphela kumbewu ethengwe noma ngosizo lwe-sevka. Kodwa kule nguqulo yokugcina kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka emibili ukuthola izithelo ezigcwele. Uma ukhula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-anyanisi ezivela embewu, isivuno esizophumela sizohluka ngobukhulu obukhulu be-turnips.

Uyazi? Umholi wezwe on anyanisi ukusetshenziswa per capita yiLibya, lapho, ngokusho UN, isakhamuzi isilinganiso esidla kuka 33 kg anyanisi ngonyaka.

Ama-bulb abonakala ngokunambitheka kokubukhali obuphakathi, yingakho ayengasetshenzisiwe aluhlaza. Kodwa ngokunambitheka, kuyisithako esibalulekile sokusungula imifino namasaladi. Isithelo sinomhlanzi wegolide okhanyayo kanye nenhliziyo emhlophe nge-tints encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Yazi kahle ama-nuances ezinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi ezinjenge-"Exhibicin" ne "Sturon".

Ngaphandle, i-turnip hybrid ayihlukanisi ngobukhulu bayo nobukhulu bayo. Ilungelo labo lihlala lisezingeni elijwayelekile, elijwayelekile, elincane elithintekayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina okuhle. Ngokusho balimi, u-anyanisi kulula ukubola, akubangeli ukubhidliza okunzima.

Amakhanda amancane angama-hybrid akuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngokugcwele umkhiqizo ohlanzekile, ushiye izinsalela. Izinhlobonhlobo zihluke kubalingani bazo eziphezulu zokuhluma, kanye nokumelana nokubunjwa kwemicibisholo.

Izimpawu ze-anyanisi nokukhiqiza

I-"Centurion" ibonakala kalula ngentamo yayo encane engaphansi neyincane. Lezi zingxenye zinenzuzo kakhulu kubalimi, ngoba banciphisa imfucuza lapho behlanza ama-bulbs futhi bavimbela ingress yebhaktheriya ngaphakathi kwesithelo.

Uyazi? Isazi-mlando uHerodotus, owayehlala eGrisi lasendulo eminyakeni engu-2500 eyedlule, waphawula ukuthi kwakukhona umbhalo oqoshwe emphemeni we-Cheops ukuthi i-garlic kanye no-anyanisi babedliwa kangakanani ngabasebenzi. Uthi: "Ngesithombo, u-anyanisi negalikhi, amathalenta esiliva angu-1600 asetshenziselwa ukudla kwezigqila."

Imbewu yalezi zihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zaseDashi zidayiswa nge "F1". Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-hybrid ikhule kuphela kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala. Umuthi ohlwanyelayo wokuhlwanyela u-anyanisi omncane olinganiselwa ku-2 cm, okwakhiwa kamuva i-turnips ehlanganyelwe ngesakhiwo esishelelekile nesakhiwo esiqinile. Ngamunye wabo, ngokwesilinganiso, ufinyelela isisindo esiphezulu ku-90-100 g. I-Centurion ayinandaba nezinguquko zezulu nezindinganiso zokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe batusa u-anyanisi okhulayo kusuka ezinkolweni emasikweni amabili.

Ukuvuthwa anyanisi kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu emva kokutshala amahlamvu emasimini. Izinhlobonhlobo kuhle ukulima ngezidingo zomuntu siqu nakwezinga lezimboni. Kusuka ku-1 sikwele. Insimu yensimu ingaqoqa kuze kufike ku-4 kg wezitshalo, kuze kufike ku-400 kg ngehektare ngalinye.

Zonke i-turnips ngaphandle kokubandlulula ukunambitha kanye nesethulo endaweni epholile futhi enomoya omuhle ingahlala kuze kube phakathi nonyaka.

Uyazi? Esiqoqweni saseBabiloni saseYale University kunezibhebhe ezintathu zobumba ezincane, okuyizona zokuqala zokuwazisa izincwadi. Bachaza "isiko lesiklamu, ukushaya engcebweni, ubuhle nobuchwepheshe", nama flavour amaningi kanye nokuthanda okujwayelekile kithi namuhla. Kwakukhona ukuthi eMesophothamiya yasendulo, bamane banamathela emndenini wonke we-anyanisi. AmaMesopotamiya awasetshenziswanga nje u-anyanisi ovamile, kodwa futhi ama-leeks, i-garlic kanye ne-shallots.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokutshala

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle "i-Centurion" enambitheka kakhulu nemikhiqizo yomkhiqizo, into yokuqala okudingayo ukukhetha i-sevok noma i-nipper ephakeme kakhulu. Ukudayiswa okusebenzayo kwembewu kuqala phakathi no-Febhuwari. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukufunda imithetho eyisisekelo yokhetho olufanele.

Sevok

Inkathi kusukela phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika kuze kube sekuqaleni kokutshala kunconywa ochwepheshe bokuthenga imbewu. Uma ungeke unakekele isitoreji esifanele sokuthenga, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukwenza ngo-Ephreli uma uhlela ukufika.

Yiqiniso, kulokhu umuntu kufanele alungiselele ukuthi i-assortment izoba mpofu futhi umuntu angatholi izinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ongayicabangisisa ngayo ukulungiswa kwesethi ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, kamuva kuyathengwa, kubika kakhulu. Yonke into yokutshala kulesi sigaba se-anyanisi kufanele ihlungwe ngosayizi. Kunconywa abalimi abanolwazi ngama-turnips akhulayo ukukhetha u-anyanisi ngesilinganiso esingu-1.4-2.4 cm. Bangatshala ngendlela ye-podzim noma entwasahlobo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphawula.

Sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayele ukutshala u-anyanisi ukulima.

Izilinganiso ezinkulu ezinamaphesenti angaba ngu-3 cm zithengwa futhi zinezithelo eziphansi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukutshala ubusika emifino. Kodwa i-sevok, ebangeni layo elifinyelela ku-4 cm, lifanele kuphela ipeni.

Kubalulekile! Uma entwasahlobo ukutshala isethi encane kunazo zonke ububanzi buka 0.8-1.3 cm, ngeke abe nesikhathi sokwakha ubukhulu obukhulu be-anyanisi ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngenxa yalokho, uthola isivuno esihle. Lokhu kuyindlela efanelekayo yokuthutha kwe-podzimyh.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yesethi, njalo kufanele ihlolwe ikhwalithi. U-anyanisi kufanele abe oqinile, owomile, ene-color husk. Kuzibonakaliso ezibonakalayo eziphezulu ze-isikhunta, ukubola, noma yimuphi umonakalo, ama-dents, ukubona ama-dampness akuvumelekile. Okungafani nalomthetho kungaba kuphela hybrid emanzi okufanele imiswe ebhodini lekhadibhodi elibanzi. Lapho ukhetha umnsalo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekujuleni kwayo. Okufanelekile, kufanele kube okufanayo, ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-deformation.

Ungalingwa yizaphulelo eziphanayo. Kusukela kumkhiqizo onjalo ngeke kube: noma ukuqoqa isitshalo esincane, noma uhlume ingxenye eyodwa yendawo yokutshala. Ngokuvamile, lezi zenzo zithengisi ezingathembeki lapho zithengisa izinto zokutshala ama-frosting.

Kulukhuni ekuthinteni, futhi uma sekufudumele, kuvele ngokushesha futhi kube yinto ephikisayo epholile "ebilisiwe". Uma amanzi egeleza kuwo, le sevok ayifanele ukutshala nhlobo futhi kufanele ilahlwe. Kodwa uma kuphela phezulu kwama-bulbu kubonakala kuqhathaniswa, khona-ke kuphela inqwaba enhle izokhula kubo, ngoba i-turnips ayikwazi ukukhulula.

Ividiyo: ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani futhi ulondoloze kahle kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yokusetha kwama-anyanisi

Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi uthenge izinto zokutshala ezitolo ezingavamile. Kuhle kakhulu ukuthenga ukuthenga okunjalo ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Uma ukhetha imbewu, qaphela njalo ukuba khona kwe-holograms egunyaziwe kumaphakheji..

Imbewu

Wonke umlimi wensimu owaziwayo uyazi ukuthi u-anyanisi we-otho ngokushesha ulahlekelwa ukuhluma, ngakho-ke ugwema amaphakheji angaphezu kwesikhathi futhi nalabo lapho ukuphila kwelanga lokugcina imbewu kuphelelwa khona ngonyaka wokutshala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuphela u-20% wezinhlamvu okuhlwanyelwe kuzovuswa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungabanjwa, kungcono ukuthenga indaba eqoqwe ukuwa kokugcina. Le nuance ibaluleke nakakhulu uma izindleko zokuthengwa kwekhwalithi eliphezulu zingabizi.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ze-hybrid, i-Centurion iyasabela ekutheni umswakama obuningi kanye nezakhi ezinhlabathini. Ukuze ukulima kwalolu hlobo kusetshenziswe kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezivundiwe kahle ngokusabela okungekho hlangothi noma kwe-alkaline yokusabela kwe-substrate.

Esikhathini esiyinkimbinkimbi, imifino ayiyikukhiqiza isivuno esifanele. Okufanayo kusebenza ezindaweni eziphansi lapho umoya obandayo uhlala khona, kanye neqhwa elincibilikisiwe namanzi emvula ahlaselwa.

Kubalulekile! Ama-precursors amahle kakhulu anyanisi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ama-legumes, kanye namaqathe, ukhukhamba, i-parsley nayo yonke ithanga. Kodwa emva kwesitshalo se-solanaceous ne-garlic akufanelekile ukutshala.

Ochwepheshe bacabangela izindawo ezinqamula eningizimu-ntshonalanga nge-sandy loam ukuze kube yindlela enhle ye-hybrid. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwenkathi ekhulayo yi-12-16 ° C. Ensimini evulekile ingamelana nokupholisa ku-+2 ° С. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angasondeli m 1 ukusuka emhlabathini.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Ukulungiselela isitifiketi se-anyanisi imibhede kuqala ukuwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele ukuvuna izitshalo zangaphambili bese uhlola i-acidity yenhlabathi. Ekhaya, le nqubo ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-litmus strip noma iviniga evamile etafuleni.

Uma uphonsa uketshezi emhlabathini ususwe kusuka ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angu-20, ama-bubbles ahlabayo kufanele avele. Uma kwenzeka lapho ukusabela okunjalo kungenzeki, kuyodingeka ukuthi kucindezele le substrate. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokumbumba ekwindla, kuzodingeka usakaze ufulawa lwama dolomite, uthuli lwamasenti, u-plaster omdala noma i-lime fluff ezungeze engadini.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi yokuzala, indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela ukuthi i-acidity yomhlabathi kusayithi, nokuthi ungayikhipha kanjani inhlabathi.

Inani elidingekayo lezinto zixhomeke ku-pH: ephakeme i-acidity esakhiweni, i-dosage ephakeme. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuzo zonke izikwele ezingu-1. Insimu kumele iwele kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-300 Inqubo yokulungiselela ingadi izodinga ukumba emabhononti e-spade. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuwufaka ngezakhi ezingekho. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi iCenturion ikhetha izansi eziphansi ezithambile nezinezici ze-chernozem. Ama-clay noma ama-peat sites azifanelekile ukutshala le hybrid.

Kubalulekile! Izinto eziqukethe i-nitrojeni zenza i-oxidation yemibhede, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe kuphela endaweni yemalanka. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi umnsalo ngokuphelele ongenalo i-nitrogen uqala ukubola.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abakaze batshale anyanisi eduze kwezitshalo zensimu, njengoba beqeda umbhede futhi bawuchithe.

Ukuze uvune isivuno esihle, kunconywa ukufaka okungenani i-tbsp engu-1 kusayithi elikhethiwe kusukela ekwindla. l.:

i-phosphorus;
i-potassium;
i-nitrophosphate;
superphosphate;
i-ammonium nitrate;
urea;
i-potassium chloride.

Uma ukhulela ingadi yemifino, khumbula ukuthi ukudlula ngokweqile kwendaba ephilayo kwenza kube indawo ekhangayo yezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal kanye ne-bacteria. Ngenxa yalokho, isiko asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokubola emhlabathini. Kodwa izingxenye zamaminerali ezengeziwe zivame ukuholela ekushiseni kwenqubo yezimpande. Kulesi simo, ama-buls alahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nekhwalithi.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokutshala u-anyanisi.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Ukutshala u-anyanisi kwenziwa ngokusho kwe-algorithm ethize, kuye ngokuthi indlela ekhethiwe yokulima. Qaphela ukuthi ezindaweni ezinemimoya yezulu, kunconywa ukuba ukhule i-Centurion nge-seedling. Indlela yokwenza kahle, cabanga ngokuningiliziwe.

Uyazi? Igama lesi-Latin le-anyanisi-allium - linikezwa nguCarl Linnaeus futhi livela egameni lesiLatini likagalikhi, okusho ukuthi, ngokuvumelana nenhlobo eyodwa, lihlotshaniswa negama lesiCeltic konke - "ukushisa"; enye inguqulo ithola igama elivela ku-Latin halare - "iphunga".

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-anyanisi ibhula isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ihlolwe ukuhluma nokulungiselela. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-agronomists icebisa ukuhlola ngokucophelela imbewu. Kumele kube yomile, emnyama futhi ifane nomumo kanye nobukhulu.

Abanye abakhiqizi baseDutch bazalisa ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwembewu ngezinsimbi ezivikelayo. Umnsalo onjalo uhlukaniswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zombala ogqamile. Uma ukukhethwa kwe-pickling kungenziwanga, khona-ke i-home disinfection ngeke iphazamise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cwilisa izinto zokutshala ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.

Ukuze kuhlume kangcono, i-chernushka igwetshwe amahora angu-24 ngamanzi ajwayelekile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuzokwenza ngcono ukuhluma kwesisombululo esikhulayo ("Kornevin", "Emistim", "Ecosil"). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, okusanhlamvu kususwa emvelweni omswakama futhi kumisiwe.

Ividiyo: ulungiselela imbewu ye-anyanisi yokuhlwanyela Uma bekhululekile, ungaqala ukutshala. Abanye abesifazana bacebisa ukuthi bangaphuthelwa isikhathi sokumisa futhi bakhuthaze ukuhluma kwe-nippy ngomphumela wokushisa. Ukwenza lokhu, bafaka imbewu emanzi emasakeni wesaka namanzi avela phezulu ngensimbi yokugqoka eplastiki.

Kubalulekile njengoba kudingekile ukuba uphefle umsebenzi owenziwe ku-spray. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, imbewu izonikeza izimpande zokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, zingatshalwa esitsheni kufasiteleni.

Kubalulekile! Endabeni yesitshalo sasebusika, i-hybrid ingcono kakhulu etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaSepthemba noma emavikini okuqala ka-Okthoba. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokuqalisa lokhu kuqhutshwa okungenani amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwama-frosts okuqala.

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Indawo engcono kakhulu yokuhluma izithombo ze-anyanisi yikamelo elinesimo sokushisa esisimweni esingaba ngu-15-20 ° C. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuhle kwamahlumela abasafufusa, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele.

Uma ukukhanya okwanele okwanele, kunengqondo ukufaka izibani ezengeziwe ze-fluorescent. Ukuze kusetshenziswe indlela ye-"Centurion" yokutshala kuyodinga ukulungisa isitsha sephepha noma epulasitiki ngenhlobo edingekayo ye-substrate. Cabanga ngesikhathi sokutshala okusanhlamvu futhi unakekele ukutholakala komhlaba kusengaphambili, ngoba ebusika ngeke uwuthole kuphi. Futhi isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-hybrid kulokhu kuphakathi kuka-Febhuwari.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela okulungiselelwe eChernushka ngokwejwayelekile kwenzelwa imigqa. Kuze kube sekugcineni, ebhokisini udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi kahle, bese uyihambisa. Khona-ke, ama-5 cm abuyele emaphethelweni e-tank futhi ebangeni elingu-25 cm enza imidwebo engu-2-3 cm ejulile. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokucophelela, ibuyele emuva kuze kube ngu-15 cm.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokutshala kahle u-anyanisi kusuka kumbewu.

Ividiyo: imbewu yokutshala anyanisi Ekupheleni kokuhlwanyela, imigqa ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi, iyancipha kancane. Asikho isidingo sokujula imbewu. Ukusheshisa izithombo, ukwakhiwa kuhlanganiswa nefilimu, ngaleyo ndlela kudala i-microclimate ethile ngaphakathi. Ngokubukeka okunobungane kwamahlumela okuhluma kususwe.

Uyazi? Emlandweni kunezikhathi lapho eYurophu kwakungavunyelwe ukuba adle anyanisi amaholide. Lokhu kwakungenxa yezimpahla zemifino ukudala izinyembezi.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

I-anyanisi edala idinga ukukhululeka njalo emhlabathini phakathi kwemigqa, ukuhlanza kusuka kunokhula kanye nezinqubo zokunyusa. Lezi zinto zithinta kakhulu izinga lokuvuna esikhathini esizayo. Zonke ezinye ze-hybrid ezingenakuzithoba.

Namanzi izithombo njengoba inhlabathi imile. Akufanele ikhululeke ngokweqile, ihlale imile noma igxile ngokweqile. Ekuqaleni, khala "umbhede" wakho ngamanzi ahlelekile ekamelweni lokushisa nsuku zonke, evikela ngokucophelela izimpaphe. Kungcono ukuhlela ukuchelela ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga azizange zitheke futhi zithinte kakhulu, qaphela izinga lokukhanya kwalo. Lapho kukhanya, ukuqina kuyoba amaqabunga kanye nama-turnips. Ubude obude bosuku ngalolu hlobo kufanele kube okungenani amahora angu-12.

Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye, u-anyanisi kumele ulungele ukufakelwa kabusha esikhathini esizayo. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuqinisa lesi sitshalo. Lokhu kwenziwa kancane kancane. Ngokokuqala ngqa, udinga ukubeka amandla e-Centurion imizuzu engu-15 ukuya emgwaqweni noma kuvulonti evulekile ngesikhathi esifudumele kakhulu.

Esikhathini esizayo, isikhathi "sokuhamba" okunjalo kufanele sikhuliswe nsuku zonke. Ngenhloso yokucima, ungashiyi izithombo ukulala ngaphandle. Kuze kube yilapho i-hybrid isetshenziselwa emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zondliwa kabili ngamaminerali amaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Uyazi? Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, ukuvikela ngokumelene nemicibisholo, izigameko ze-crossbows nezinkemba, amaqhawe ayegqoke izigqoko zensimbi ne-mail chain, futhi azihlanganise nezihlangu. Kodwa abaningi, bengakholelwa emandleni alezi zikhali, baphinde baqinisekiswa nge-talisman ngesimo se-anyanisi esinqunyiwe noma ikhanda lika-garlic. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zinamandla amakhulu emilingo.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, lokhu kungenziwa uma amaqabunga ama-3-4 akhiwa ezitshalweni, futhi okwesibili - ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Kuzo zombili izimo, inhlanganisela yokudla okunomsoco we-anyanisi ilungiswa kusuka ku-10 g we-superphosphate, i-2.5 g we-potassium chloride no-5 g we-urea, okumele ichithe ngamalitha angu-5 angamanzi abandayo.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli, izithombo zingadluliselwa embhedeni ovulekile.Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMeyi, ngoba njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka emgwaqeni, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuba izithombo zihlanyele emvelweni omusha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungakapheli izinsuku ezingaphansi kwezingu-50 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ingadi ivuselele kahle, okungenani ibe ngu -12 ° C. Futhi ungamnaki ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kokuqala. Abanikazi abanokuhlangenwe nakho ngaphezu komanyolo wekwindla bese bemba indawo ekhethiwe ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-anyanisi ziyihlanza ngokuphelele emhlathini oye wavela futhi ukhulula phansi kahle. Ngemuva kwaloko, u-rake uphezulu phezulu bese wenza imifula eqhele ngamasentimitha angu-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukujula okukhulu kwemigqa kungu-4-5 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi engadini, kanye nasiteni enezithombo, kubalulekile ukugcoba ngokukhululekile.

Kubalulekile! Izithombo kuphela ezithuthukisiwe nezihambelanayo zingaphansi kokutshalwa kabusha. Futhi ukuze ziqhubekele phambili zikwazi ukuzithuthukisa ngendlela efanele futhi zingabhubhisi isiko ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile umswakama, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ngenqubo yokutshala u-anyanisi ngesithathu ukuze banqume izimpaphe nezimpande.

Izithombo ze-"Centurion" zisuswe ngokucophelela emathini okutshala futhi zifakwe ematsheni okhethekile obumba nobumba. Emva kwalokho, imifino isilungele ukutshala. Izithombo zifakwe emgodini ebangeni elingu-15 cm komunye nomunye, zijulise 1 cm kuphela.

Esikhathini sokugcina sokutshala, imigqa ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe. Ngakusasa ekuseni, umbhede ubalulekile ukugcoba ngesisombululo se-humate, esizosheshisa izinga lokusinda kanye nokukhula kwama-bulb. Lapho umswakama ubambelela, gaya indawo nge peat. Naphezu kokukhuthazela kwe-Dutch hybrid, ekuqaleni kufanele ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Kuze kube sekugcineni, abalimi abaningi bakhe izakhiwo ezikhethekile zokumboza ezivela kwi-metal arcs nefilimu yeplastiki.

Ukulima okuvela e-sevka emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukulima kwe-seeding kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezimozulu omnene. Le ndlela ayihlinzeki ngobunzima futhi, uma kuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo ye-agrotechnical, iqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu. Cabanga ngakho konke ngezigaba.

Ukukhethwa kweSayithi nokulungiselelwa kwenhlabathi

Kulabo abafuna ukuthola ngokushesha ukuvuna, ukulima okufanele ukushisa ukushisa kwe-hybrid. Kodwa ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, asikho isidingo sokudala isimo sezulu sokufakelwa, ngoba isiko kubhekwa njengokukhula kusenesikhathi futhi sibonakala ukuphikisana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokho, imifino izokhululeka kakhulu engadini evulekile. Ekuqaleni, engadini, empeleni, izakhiwo zokugqoka zizodingeka.

Uma ukhetha isihlalo kufanele ucatshangelwe:

Izinga le-asidi yenhlabathi (ukungathathi hlangothi ne-alkaline imvelo).
indawo yemifudu engaphansi komhlaba (akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukusondelana, kungenjalo isiko sizokwehliswa engozini yokubola kokungcola);
izinga lokukhanya kwendawo (udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyayo kuphela);
ama-progenitors nezitshalo eziseduze;
ukwakheka kwenhlabathi (inhlabathi enzima ayamukeleki).

Qala ukulungiselela ukutshala u-anyanisi ekwindla, ngemva kokuvuna izitshalo zangaphambilini. Futhi entwasahlobo bavuselela umbhede, bawuhlanza ukhula, ukhulule futhi uhlele phezulu.

Kuhle kakhulu, uma i-turnips izobe iseduze namasayithi afakwe umquba. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo samasiko ku-nitrogen kanye nezakhiwo zalesi sigaba ukuze kuhlanganiswe imvelo yomhlabathi.

Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukwenza umquba omusha ngaphansi komnsalo. Lokhu kungumthombo wokhula kuphela, kodwa futhi ngamagciwane amaningi, isikhunta, izinambuzane. Kungcono ukuthatha indawo yalolu chumisi nge-humus.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Isitolo se-Sevok noma isiqalo sasekhaya sidinga isitoreji esifanele. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlinzeka indawo eyomile nefudumele. Uma kungenjalo, ungaphazamisa ngisho nezinto eziphezulu zokutshala izinga. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi abaqashi bemifino baqala ukugcina u-anyanisi ebhethri, ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, bayona futhi balahlekelwe ukufaneleka kwabo kokutshala.

Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungakhipha kanjani anyanisi ngaphambi kokutshala.

Uma izinga lokushisa kusitoreji lingaphansi kwe-+18 ºС, izinqubo zokukhula zinciphisa ku-turnips. Izibonelo ezinjalo ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukufudumala nakanjani. Inqubo ivuselela inkathi ekhulayo futhi izovimbela isibhamu esengeziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezigaba:

Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-15 zama-anyanisi zigcinwa ekushiseni kwe-+20 ° C;
ke amahora angu-8-10 izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ku-30-40 ºС.

Esikhathini lapho kungekho sikhathi sokulungiselela okunjalo eside, kanti i-sevy yayisitokisini esibandayo kakhulu, kungenzeka ukusheshisa izinqubo zangaphakathi zokukhula kwe-anyanisi ngokugxilisa izinto zokutshala emanzini ngokushisa kufika ku-+50 ° C imizuzu eyishumi. Emva kwalokhu, i-sevka kumele idonswe ngamanzi abandayo.

Abalimi abaningi, abhekene nale ndlela yokulungiselela imbewu, engeza kancane kunoma yikuphi ukugqugquzela ukukhula emanzini (Humisol, Rost-1, Ecosil). Ngokungeziwe, yiya ekuhloleni nokuhlolisisa.

Ividiyo: kanjani ukulungiselela anyanisi ukuhlwanyela Akufanele kube nemikhonyovu nemikhonyovu ekubhaliwe okufanele ukutshala, kungabonakali izimpawu zokubunjwa nokubola. Njengokungasebenzi nge-disinfection, ungaphatha i-turnips ekhethiwe nge-copper sulfate ingxube, elungiselelwe ngesilinganiso se-1 tsp. izinto ebhakede lamanzi.

Uyazi? Umnsalo wezikhathini zasendulo wawuhlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu. Isibonelo, izinhlangano zamaRoma zazikholelwa ukuthi uma umlindi edla kakhulu le mifino, uyaqina futhi abe nesibindi. Futhi emaJalimane asendulo, i-anyanisi inflorescences yakha abaqhawe abanqobile.

Inqubo yokutshala sevka emhlabathini

Izimo zezulu ziyisici esiyinhloko esithonya isikhathi sokutshala sev. Ngaphansi kwemibandela yentwasahlobo yasekuseni nefudumele, lo msebenzi ungalungiswa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Kodwa ngenkathi ebanda futhi inezimvula, kuzodingeka ulinde kuze kube yilapho umhlaba ugoba ukujula kuka-10 cm kuya ku-12 ° C.

Abanikazi abanolwazi bahlale besitshala anyanisi ngezinsuku ezinamafu ebusuku. Uma usheshe ukufika, ezweni elibandayo, uzoya emicibisholo. Ukuhlwanyela isikhathi eside akuqinisekisi ukuvunwa okuphezulu, ngoba esimweni esinjalo kuphela inhlanyelo izokhuthuka. Inqubo yokusetha i-anyanisi isethi nayo yenziwa ngemigqa. Kubalulekile ukuxuba izingxenyana ezihlungiwe zokutshala izinto.

Ngamunye wabo unezidingo zayo siqu:

anyanisi obubanzi obufinyelela ku-1 cm basatshalaliswa kude 5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye;
ama-specimens anama-1.5 cm ububanzi atshalwe nge-8 cm indents;
labo ababa nobukhulu obukhulu kunama-2 cm kufanele bakhule kude nakama-10 cm.

Ama-aisles kuwo wonke amacala enza ububanzi obuyi-20 cm. Kuyoba lula kakhulu kunokhula futhi ukhulule umbhede. Isigaba sokugcina sokuhlwanyela imbewu ukulala emigodini yokulala nokugubha inhlabathi. I-mulch top plan peat ukuze ugweme ukufudumala komswakama. Kungakapheli isonto, amahlumela okuqala azovela.

Uyazi? Ama-shaman aseGibhithe lasendulo amelela isibani njengophawu lokuphila okuphakade. Kulokhu baphonswa isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye namasongo okujika.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala imbewu anyanisi

Ukunisela

Ukuphuthuma kokunisela imibhede ye-anyanisi akudluli kuze kube sekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwezitshalo. Kodwa inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, yonke imvula idinga ukumiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-turnip engavuthiwe izobola ngokushesha.

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, isitshalo sidinga ukuphuza njalo lapho inhlabathi iphela. Ungavumeli ukujula kwamanzi kuso noma isomiso. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zezulu. Kodwa, kunoma yikuphi, okungenani kanye ngeviki, uhambise izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele azinzile elangeni.

Kusukela ngoJulayi, lapho i-turnips ingena esigabeni sokuvuthwa, umswakama ngokweqile uzobalimaza kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukunciphisa inani lokuchelela ngesigamu, bese uyimisa ngokuphelele amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Ukunakekela noma yikuphi izinhlobo ze-anyanisi kungaqaliswa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhluma. Futhi iqukethe i-weeding ejwayelekile futhi ikhulula inhlabathi. Lezi zinqubo zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ezimweni zokuqala zokwakhiwa kwe-turnips. Ungalokothi uvumele umhlaba owomile, owomile ukugoqa ukuze uwenze embhedeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sula ngobumnene ukuze ugweme ukulimaza uhlelo lwesimiso semifino. Akufanele kube khona ukhula engadini. Phela, izimila ezingadingekile zichitha inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zilahla u-anyanisi wokudla.

Uyazi? Umlimi waseBritain u-Peter Glazebrook wakwazi ukukhulisa u-anyanisi omkhulu olinganisa u-8 kg futhi wabhalwa encwadini yeGuinness of Records.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, akufanele uthembele isivuno esihle - okungcono kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukwaneliswe nezinhloko ezincane nezinokukhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo engcolile iyakhanga kakhulu izinambuzane nezifo eziphilayo. Uma uvula umbhede wakho ngokuphindaphindiwe, izitshalo ezincane zokhula zizoba phezu kwayo futhi oksijithali kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe kuzohlinzeka izimpande. Ikakhulukazi le nqubo iyadingeka emva kokuchelela.

Kodwa uma i-turnips ingamasayizi aphakathi, ochwepheshe bayeluleka emhlabathini owodwa we-otgresti kusuka kubo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwabo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Kungcono ukuqhuba ukudla kokuqala kwePlannion iplanki 2 emva kokutshala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukwethulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho amanzi amanzi umbhede ngesisombululo se-1 kg ye-mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu nama-10 amalitha amanzi. Bala ku-1 isikwele. Isakhiwo s sizoshiya yonke ingxube elungiselelwe.

Uyazi? Ngenkathi yezinkolo zempi, umnsalo wawunamandla okuphulukisa nokuphefumula kangangokuba amakhwenyana aseFrance ayesebenzisa iziboshwa zabo eSaracens: ngoba ngamunye wabo wamnika Ama-8.

Ukudla okwesibili okuhleliwe okukwakhiwa okufanayo kufanele kutholakale emavikini amathathu. Khona-ke, ngezikhathi ezifanayo, ukungezwa kwe-ammonium nitrate kanye ne-nitrogen-potassium ingavimbela (kuzo zombili izimo, kufanele kubekelwe ekubalweni kwe-10 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M. Area). Ngendlela, amaminerali awaqothuli ngamanzi. Bangakwazi nje ukufafazwa embhedeni ngaphambi kokuchelela noma imvula.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

I-Hydrid "Centurion" ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ngokumelene nokwanda kwezinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ukutshalwa kwezolimo okungafanele, imifino ingaba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa kwebhere, ama-aphid, earwigs, amacimbi.

Ama-anyanisi angakwazi ukuhlasela izinambuzane ezinjengokuhleka, i-thrips, i-aphid, i-anyanisi fly, i-nematode.

Izitha eziyingozi kunazo zonke ze-hybrid yi-flyi onion kanye ne-molecule. Lezi zinambuzane zibeka amaqanda azo ngaphansi kwezilinganiso ezingenhla, zilimaza lonke i-turnip. Phela, izimpungushe, njengoba zikhula, zingene emkhakheni wemifino futhi zidle ngaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwenduku eluhlaza, lesi sitshalo sizobuna. Anyanisi fly Kungenzeka ukuqeda omakhelwane abangamenyiwe ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Kulokhu, kufakazelwa kahle: I-Aktara, i-Actellic, i-Prestige, i-Decis, i-Confidor. Kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela inkinga kunokwelapha.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane ze-anyanisi.

Ama-anyanisi Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukuze bavimbele ingxube ye-mix 1. i-sulphate yethusi (ingafakwa esikhundleni se-chlorine ngethusi), 1 tbsp. l isipuni seseva eliketshezi futhi uchithe zonke lezi zithako ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ingxube kufanele ifakwe amahlamvu anyanisi uma ifinyelela ubude buka-12-15 cm.

Kubalulekile! Kwezindlela zendabuko zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane, abalimi abaningi bemifino bakhetha ukuthungwa ngezikhathi ezithile emigqa ye-anyanisi nomuthi womuthi. Inqubo ayigugu, kodwa ukufeza umphumela odinga ukuyiphinda njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-20.

Izifo ze-fungal, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwe-putrefactive, zisongela lezi zinhlobonhlobo anyanisi kuphela ngokuchelela okungalungile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inkinga enjalo ithinta indawo yakho, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa usizo lwezingcingo: "Allett", "Skor", "Maxim", "Coronet", "Teldor", "Previkur".

Ividiyo: indlela yokuphatha anyanisi

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukuvunwa kwe-hybrid kumele kuhlelwe izinsuku ezingu-90 emva kokuhluma. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile, ngoba ngaphansi kwezinye izimo imifino izogcinwa kahle. Kuye ngezimo zezulu, isikhathi esifanele salowo msebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo singabambezeleka kuze kube nguSeptemba.

Funda indlela yokugcina u-anyanisi ebusika.

Ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwe-turnips kuboniswa ukuphela kokukhula kwe-feather nokuhlala okuphelele, kanye nokomisa kweziqongonga. Ngalesi sikhathi, intamo ye-anyanisi iba lula futhi ilula, futhi i-husk ithola ukukhanya nokugqoka okwegolide kulokhu okuhlukahlukene.

Kubalulekile ukungabambezeli ukuvuna imifino, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwempande luzobuyela futhi lukhule kabusha i-biomass. Amakhophi anjalo ngeke asakwazi ukugcina isitoreji eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokuqoqa izithelo ngaphambi kokushisa kwamanzi nobusuku bokusa. Ama-turnips awasheshi ukuhlanza isitolo. Ngemuva kokususa ezinye izimpande nezinsipho ezomile, isitshalo senziwe embhedeni ngendlala encane, eshiya izinsuku ezingu-10 ukuze zome.

Kungaba usizo ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokufunda uma kunemvula. Uma isimo sezulu singavumeli ukomisa phansi kwelanga, ama-bulb kufanele asakaze ekamelweni elihle futhi elomile.

Kubalulekile! Kuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-bulbs izinsuku ezingu-10 ukuze ubambelele ekushiseni kwe-+30 ° C, futhi ngemva kwalokho okungenani amahora angu-10 ukwandisa idijithi ngamamaki angu-10. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ukugcina ikhwalithi futhi ikhubaza isivuno.

Kuzoba yindlu yokugcina imifino. Abanye abanikazi bajwayele ukufaka izilinganiso ze-anyanisi, okuzuzisa ngokukhethekile ezimweni ezinzima. Ziboshelwe ngokuqondile kunoma yikuphi ukudlula. Kodwa le ndlela yokugcina ayihlinzeki ngokususwa kwamaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezomile kuphela ezifanelekile.

Ividiyo: izindlela zokulondoloza i-anyanisi

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Ukuhlakulela ukuhlukahluka kwe-Centurion akubanga imbangela ngisho nokuqala, kepha ukwephulwa okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo kungaba imbangela yemiphumela engathandeki kakhulu. Futhi uma ubashiya ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke ungakwazi ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuvunwa.

Nazi izinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nabalimi ekuhlaleni anyanisi:

Ukuthuthukiswa okubi kwe-turnips nezifo ezivamile - inkinga ivela ngenxa yokuntuleka kokujikeleza kwezitshalo noma uma ukhetha abanduleli abangalungile. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, ungaphuli imibhede ye-anyanisi endaweni efanayo unyaka nonyaka. Kungcono ukutshala isitshalo emva iklabishi kanye ukhukhamba.
Ukuntuleka kokukhula kwama-turnips - kuvame ukukwenzeka lapho umlimi wemifino engabheki ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini futhi wakhetha i-acidic medium for anyanisi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, idiphozi esheshayo yothuli noma enye i-deoxidizer izokusiza. Ukudla okwesikhashana kwezitshalo nge ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate noma superphosphate kubalulekile.
Ukubukeka kwesiqhwaga esibuhlaza kuphahleni kuyisibonakaliso esibonakalayo sokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-powdery isikhutha. Lesi sifo singenzeka ngokuphuza okungalungile, lapho amanzi ewela njalo emaqabunga. Awukwazi ukuphuza anyanisi ngokufafaza. Ungazama ukusindisa lesi simo ngokuphalaza ukutshala izidakamizwa ze-fungicidal. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, i-turnips ethintekile izosuswa ngokuphelele futhi isuswe engadini. Isizathu sale nkinga singabuye sibe ukhula olungafakiwe.
Amahlamvu amancane namahlamvu amancane ayizibonakaliso eziqinisekile zokuntuleka kwezinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Ukuthuthukisa isimo samasiko kuzosiza ekudleni okungakapheli. Ukubala umthamo wesisombululo sokwemvelo, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela izinga le-pH emhlabathini. Kungadingeka ukuthikanye ngesikhathi esifanayo ufaka ufulawa noma i-dolomite.
Iziqongo eziphelile noma ezibomvu ze-feather zibonisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus.
Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesakhiwo esibumbene sibonisa isidingo sokwenza i-potash.
I-white spot ne-leaf brittleness ivela lapho isitshalo sithola i-magnesium encane.
Uyazi? E-Kievan Rus, u-anyanisi wayebhekwa njengesiphelo sezifo ezibulalayo, njengokuthi: isifo, uchoko, ikholera kanye ne-typhoid. Futhi njalo ukuvuthwa kwemifino kwakhishwa ezindaweni zokuhlala zokuhlanzwa kwemoya emimoya emibi nayo yonke imimoya emibi.
Ukuqothula kancane kancane, ukubukeka okungenakuphila nombala ophuzi obomvu wezinpaphe - isibonakaliso sokuthi imifino idinga ithusi.

Yizo zonke izimfihlo zokukhula i-Dutch hybrid Centurion. Ngezindlela eziningi, i-agrotechnology yokulima kwayo ifana nezinye izinhlobo, kodwa kunezimo ezibucayi ezihlukanisa i-hybrid ezivela kubalingani bayo. Yibonga kubo ukuthi izilwane ezihlukahlukene zithanda kakhulu abalimi bemifino. Sithemba ukuthi angeke akudumaze, futhi izincomo zethu zizosiza ukufeza isivuno esikhulu.

Uyazi? Emdwebo wakudala waseGibithe wasendulo, ovela cishe ngo-2800 BC, isithombe se-turnives evuliwe. AmaGibhithe ayakwazisa kakhulu lesi siko njengomuthi wazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, ngakho wafaka emathuneni amaharahara, futhi futhi ukuze agweme zonke izinhlobo zezifo zengculaza, wazisa izigqila ekudleni.