Unyaka nonyaka, izakhamuzi zasehlobo eziningi nabalimi bafuna izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zabo ezihle: izithelo eziphakeme, ukunambitheka okukhulu, ukunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba, ukukhula okusheshayo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ama-Potato ezihlukahlukene "Krasa" anelisa cishe yonke into ekhonjisiwe ngenhla, ngakho-ke, sanquma ukukutshela kabanzi ngalezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemifino.
Mayelana nokukhethwa okuhlukahlukene
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamazambane zakhiwe ngabakhiqizi abakhulu baseYurophu. Emashalofini ezitolo, "i-Krasa" ivele kuphela kuma-2000, emva kwalokho ukuphakama kwayo kwasakazeka emazweni amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungomunye wabambalwa abaye basebenza kahle emazweni asabekayo aseSiberia.
Emazweni e-CIS, inkampani ethi "SeedEra" ibandakanyeka ekusatshalazweni kwamazambane okuthiwa "Krasa", amagatsha awo asezindaweni ezithile zase-Ukraine, kanye nasedolobheni elidumile laseShayina - Shanghai.
Uyazi? Indawo yokuzalwa yamazambane yiNingizimu Melika.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Izici ezijwayelekile zezinhlobonhlobo zihambisana kakhulu nencazelo yezitshalo zezinye izitshalo ze-Pasalin yesimo. 
Izihlahla
Ama-shrub akhiwa ngokulinganisela, ayenamandla, akha. Ingxenye ye-stem ikhulu kakhulu, ngenxa yesakhi sezofuzo (umanyolo onxenyeni lwe-nitrogen angenza ukuthi izihlahla zikhule kakhulu nakakhulu). Emapulazini amakhulu, lapho ukunakekelwa kwamazambane kuzenzakalelayo futhi kufanelwe, ubude bamahlumela bufinyelela ku-70 cm.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zamazambane namazambane izimbali.
AmaSpredishithi akhiwa emahlumela abhekene nomunye, abe nama-lateral lobes angu-3-7, aqoshiwe embala obala obumnyama obumnyama. Isithelo siningi-seeded, esakhiwe njenge-utamatisi omncane. Izimbali ziqoqwe ngesimo sesihlangu esiqongweni samahlumela. 
Izilimo eziyizigaxa
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, cishe izitshalo eziyisithupha eziyisi-6-8 zakhiwa ehlathini ngalinye. Isisindo esiphelele sezilimo eziyizigaxa singafinyelela ku-300-400 g. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinezici ezifuywayo ze-oblong, ezimbozwe isikhumba esinyene. Umbala wesikhumba uhluka kusuka pink elula kuya okusajingijolo obomvu.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinomusa omuhle okomnandi. Izimfanelo zokunambitheka eziphezulu zivumela ukusebenzisa i-Krasa amazambane ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene zokupheka: ukuthosa, ukubilisa, ukupheka, ukuhamba.
Inyama isinyene, ilukhuni, inomthunzi ophuzi okhanyayo. Ukuqukethwe kwesitembu ezinhlakalweni eziyizigaxa kungu-15-19%. Amehlo angena kancane ekumpandeni, ngenkathi enemibala yekhrimu. 
Ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene
Ababelethi baqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemifino yezimpande zinezici ezinhle ezimangalisayo, kanye nezici ezintsha ezihlukile.
Izifo zokuphikisa
Inkampani ethi "SeedEra" ichaza ukuthi ama-mbatata athi "i-Krasa" inamathela kuzo zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nezifo ezingathinta amalungu ePhasika. Nokho, izinambuzane kuzomele zilwe ngokwazo.
Ngokumelene ne-Colorado i-potato beetle kufanele ifakwe ngamakhemikhali (ama-pesticides, izinambuzane).
Ukuze silwe ne-Colorado bezambane beetle, izinambuzane ezifana ne-Regent, Inta-vir, Prestige, Iskra Zolotaya, Corado, Aktara, Launch, i-Calypso, i-Karbofos, i- Umlawuli, uTanrek, uNababakt, Umbane.
Ukuvusa nokukhiqiza
Lezi zikhombisi zizoxhomeke ngokuqondile ezimweni ezikhulayo, esifundeni sezulu kanye nokunakekelwa kahle kwezinhlobonhlobo. "Ubuhle" buyinhlobonhlobo ephakathi kwasekuqaleni, kanti isitshalo sokuqala sivela kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-80-100 ngemuva kokutshala. Izitshalo ezilinganiselwa ku-hektare ngayinye zingamakhulu angama-400-450.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuphakathi nakho kuwuphawu lwezinhlobo zamazambane ezifana ne-Adretta, isibindi, uSante, Ilyinsky, Rodrigo, Colombo.
I-Recumbency
Uma izimo zokugcina zifinyelelwa, izinga lokugcina lezinhlobonhlobo liphakeme kakhulu. Izitshalo zomsuka zingagcinwa cishe izinyanga ezingu-6 (emiphongolweni, emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nomswakama). Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi amandla okugcina we-Krasa ezihlukahlukene yi-95%.
Imithetho yokufika
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kuzoxhomeke ekufanelekeni kokutshala. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokutshala, kuyadingeka ukhethe inhlabathi efanele, sebenzisa umquba, khetha indawo enhle futhi ulungiselele ngokucophelela isayithi. 
Isikhathi
Ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamazambane emhlabathini ovulekile kungaba uhlobo lwezithombo noma izilimo eziyizigaxa. Imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. I-seedling igcinwe ekamelweni elifudumele, ngokuhambisana nezimo ezidingekayo nezifanele zokunakekelwa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvunwa okukhulu kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "Krasa" kuzoba enhlabathini enomhlabathi ogcwele kahle kakhulu nge-potassium ne-nitrogen ekubunjweni.
Emhlabathini ovulekile "Ubuhle" etshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (izifunda eziseningizimu) noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufika, amaqhwa ebusuku kufanele aphele ngokuphelele, futhi izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke akufanele liwele ngezansi + 7 ° C (isibonelo, phakathi nosuku + 15 ° C, ebusuku - + 4 ° C, isilinganiso nsuku zonke - + 9.5 ° C). 
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela isimo sokushisa komhlabathi. Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi inhlabathi kufanele ifuthe okungenani isigamu semitha ejulile, futhi izinga lokushisa layo elilinganiselwe kufanele libe liphakeme ngo-7-10 ° С kusuka ku-zero.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ngokutshala "i-Krasa", inhlabathi enhle kakhulu, lapho i-oksijini ingahamba khona ngokukhululekile, ingcono kakhulu. Lawa ahlanganisa inhlabathi emnyama, inhlabathi yezikhukhula, izindawo ze-peatlands, i-loamy nenhlabathi enhlabathi. Akunconywa ukutshala amazambane emigodini, izimbobo noma ezinye izikhalazo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, kanye nokuthi kuncike ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ezindaweni ezinjalo umswakama uvame ukuqhuma, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. Umswakama obuningi kungabangela izinqubo zokubeka izilimo ezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulandelela izinga lemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Kungcono uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engaphansi komhlaba angasondeli ngaphezu kuka-100 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. 
Uma kungenjalo, amazambane kuzodingeka atshalwe emagqumeni endaweni ephakeme ka-15-20 cm. Izihlahla zamazambane zifana nezindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kodwa zibekezeleleke kakhulu umoya ovuthayo, ikakhulukazi enyakatho.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane onesikhumba esibomvu kanye ne-pulp (Linzer Blaue).
Kungcono ukutshala "Ubuhle" emithambekeni engeningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, lapho kuzovela khona izinhlangothi ezingenyakatho nenyakatho-ntshonalanga izihlahla eziphezulu ukuvikela amazambane emiphakathini. Ngokuqondene nokujikeleza kwezitshalo zamazambane, kunzima ukulandela izincomo zososayensi emkhakheni wemboni yezolimo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo zemifino.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukushintsha indawo yokutshala amazambane njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi abantu banezindawo ezincane kakhulu. Nokho, leli qiniso lihlala, bese uzama ukulandela izincomo ozidingayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba kuzokuletha isivuno esihle semifino yezimpande. 
Ngendlela, abakhombisi abalungile bamazambane ba:
- isaladi;
- ukhukhamba;
- i-legumes;
- ithanga;
- anyanisi;
- isithombo
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi uma amazambane atshalwa endaweni efanayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 elandelanayo, izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezincane zezimbande ziqoqa emhlabathini. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi kusuka ku-30 ukuya ku-70% yesitshalo kuhlupheka.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Lesi sigaba sibaluleke ngempela, futhi emibhalweni yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sibonakala kanje:
- Ukulungiselela inhlabathi ukuqala ekwindla. Isiqephu esikhethwe ukutshala sigodliwe, wonke ukhula kanye nodoti owedlula kususwa.
- Izitshalo ezinamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi zisetshenziselwa isayithi ngobuningi obumpoqo bokubambisana kwe-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali.
- Kubuye kunconywe ukwenza iziqu zemvelo ngendlela ye-humus, umquba obolile noma i-peat.
- Entwasahlobo, isakhiwo kumele siphinde siguwe. Izitshalo akudingeki zenziwe (uma ungacabangi ukwengezwa kwamaminerali ngesikhathi sokutshala izilimo zezitshalo).
Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto
Kusukela ekulungiseni kahle kokutshala izinto kuzoxhomeka ekujuleni kokuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala kanjani amazambane (izithombo noma izilimo eziyizigaxa).
Ividiyo: indlela yokulungisa amazambane ngokutshala Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokulungiselela amazambane wokutshala kanje:
- Izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala, amazambane kufanele asuswe esitokisini bese efakwa endaweni efudumele.
- Hlunga amazambane (khetha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingenakusebenza futhi ulahle).
- Ukucubungula izinto zokutshala nge-fungicides ("Alirin-B", "Binoram", "Albit").
- Phatha lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ngomlotha. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba uvikele izinto zokutshala ezifweni ezizayo nezilokazane, kanye nokwandisa okuqukethwe komthamo kwisitshalo sezimpande.
- Uma ukutshala kuzokwenziwa ngendlela yokutshala, ukwelashwa kwamahlathi nge-fungicides nomlotha nakho kuyadingeka.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Izimbiza zokutshala amazambane "Krasa" kufanele zibekwe ku-bayonet ye-spade, lokhu kujula kuyoba ngaphezu kokwanele. I-Nitrophoska kanye / noma i-300 g ye-humus ihanjiswa phansi kwe-fossa yokutshala. 
Imbobo ngayinye yokutshala impahla kumele iphuze ngamanzi afudumele. Ibanga phakathi kwe-landing emgqeni lingama-35-40 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngu-60-70 cm.
Indlela yokunakekela
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma utshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, bese usengozini yokubuya kwamaqhwa ebusuku, lo mhlaba kufanele uhlanganiswe nge-spanbond noma ifilimu. I-Shelter izovikela izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zisuka ekushintsheni okungazelelwe ekushiseni. Ukuhlala kwelanga lokushisa okushisa kungasuswa.
Ukunisela
Ezindaweni ezinemvula ephindaphindiwe (ngaphezu kuka-400 mm ngonyaka, eziningi zazo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo), ukuchelela akudingekile.
Ezindaweni ezinomlilo omile oshisayo, lapho imvula ingabonakali khona amasonto, ukuchelela amazambane amazambane kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthulula ama-2-3 amalitha amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo usetshenziswe kabili phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokusila, okwesibili - emva kokuqedwa kwayo.
Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa ama-droppings ezinyoni, ukukhipha imifino (okulungiselelwe ngesisekelo nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwokhula olukhula esakhiweni), urea, umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali. Ngokushesha ngemva kokugqoka, izihlahla eziyimifino kufanele ziphuze kakhulu.
Weeding futhi ukhululeke inhlabathi
Ukhula lwokhula luyadingeka njengoba lukhula. Le nqubo ibalulekile futhi kufanele yenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye. Ukhula oluthe xaxa esiteshini ludonsa zonke izakhi ezisuka emhlabathini, luchithe futhi lubangele izimpande.
Kubalulekile! Amahlumela ezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele ahlume ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kwalokho i-sunrises izobe ibanjwe.
Ukukhululeka kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela. Uma inhlabathi ingakhululwa, iyoqala ukuqeda, i-aeration izokwehla kakhulu, izimpande zizoqala ukuphela ngaphandle kwe-oksijeni eyanele. Ukuzikhulula kufanele kube okungokoqobo, ngoba ukulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa akumukeleki.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha inhlabathi ingaba namaqabunga, utshani noma uhlaka oluncane lwe-peat. Umlenze usiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini (kubalulekile ngesikhathi sehlobo ehlobo).
Hilling
Ukulima kufanele kuqale lapho ubude behlumela bufinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Ukwenyuka kwesibili kuqhutshwa amaviki amathathu emva kokuqala. Kudingeka ukhethe isimo sezulu esifanele ngenqubo enjalo: izinga lokushisa lomoya elifudumele, umswakama ovamile, akukho mvula.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngemithetho yamazambane asezintabeni.
Ukuhlelwa kahle kwe-Hilling kuhlelwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngezinqubo ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa ugandaganda wokuhamba ngemuva, i-disc hiller noma i-hoe ejwayelekile.
Kuzoba usizo kubanikazi bama-motoblocks ukuthi bafunde ngendlela yokupaka amazambane nge-motoblock, kanye nendlela yokwenza i-excavator yamazambane kusuka ebhayisikili elidala.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Amazambane "I-Krasa" ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo livikelwe ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ze-viral and fungal. Yingakho ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo akunakwenziwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ama-insecticide noma ama-fungicides. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-Colorado amazambane beetle, amahlumela aphathwa nge-herbicide noma ama-pesticides.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna kuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-85-100 emva kokutshala. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungukuqala-phakathi kuka-Agasti. Emva kokuvuna, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihlungwe: shiya into yokutshala, ulahle into ethile (ebolile futhi eyonakalisiwe), okunye kufanele kukhishwe ukuze kugcinwe. 
Ukugcina amazambane asele isikhathi eside, izazi zincoma ukuthi zicubungulwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-copper sulfate. Gcina izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zibe endaweni epholile, emanzini, endaweni engcono kakhulu.
Kuyisikhathi eside ukugcina amazambane ngamabhokisi enkuni emiphongolweni, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihluka kusuka ku +2 kuya ku -4 ° С. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lizokwenza ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zihlume, okwehla kuzokwenza ukuthi amazambane ahlasele.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo "Krasa":
- ukubekezelela isomiso kanye nomonakalo omncane wamakhambi ngaphandle kwezinkinga;
- isivuno esiphakeme nesisimeme;
- ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu ze-varietal;
- ukubukeka komkhiqizo nokunambitheka ezingeni eliphezulu;
- isisindo esikhulu kakhulu sezilimo eziyizigaxa lapho sesivuthiwe.
Abalimi bezolimo kanye ne-agronomists abaqapheli izimfanelo ezimbi zamazambane "Krasa". Ngaphansi kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela, 99% wezakhamuzi zasehlobo anelisekile ngokuvuna.
Uyazi? Imifino yokuqala eyakhula emkhathini yizambatho. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa ngo-1995.
Ekugcineni, ngingathanda ukubona ukuthi i-Krasa ehlukahlukene yamazambane iphelele ekutshaleni kunoma yisiphi isifunda samazwe e-CIS. Uhlu oluningi lwezinzuzo nokuntuleka kwezinkinga kwenza lokhu kuhloswe kube yinto ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo zasekhaya.
