Yini i-larch hhayi wonke umuntu owaziyo. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani emvelweni, yiziphi izakhiwo zayo, yini umehluko ovela kwamanye amaConifers, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo ezingaki, incazelo yalesi sihlahla esiyingqayizivele izonikezwa kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo Yesiko
Isayensi ye-biology ithi larch ingeyama-gymnosperms, amaClass Conifers, izitshalo eziphakeme zomndeni kaPine. Eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-150 edlule, lezi zitshalo ezingafani nalokhu zazibusa umhlaba. Namuhla ama-gymnosperms amelelwa ama-conifers, ahlanganisa i-larch.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umuthi we-larch?
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana larch, kepha ezinye zazo zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka nezimo ezikhulayo. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngokwesilinganiso kufinyelela kumamitha angama-50. Isiqu saso siqondile, simbozwe ngamagxolo ngendlela yezikali ezimpunga noma nsundu. Ku-girth, ezinye izibungu zifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1. Amagatsha anamahlumela amade waminyaka yonke namafuphi wonyaka futhi akhula ngama-engeli angakwesokudla esiqwini, agobeke phezulu.
Ubude bezinaliti ezi-larch buyi-3-4 cm. Izinaliti zithambile, zinombala oluhlaza obonakalayo. Kumakhompiyutha amade, izinaliti zihlelwe ngendlela eyindilinga, izinaliti zikhula ngoqhekeko lwama-pcs angama-30-50., Okwenza umqhele we-larch uvuleke.
Ngemininingwane! Amahlumela asezingeni eliphilayo aphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-12. Kwesinye isikhathi ayaqhubeka nokukhula futhi akha amagatsha okukhula.
Ukwakheka komqhele we-larch
Ijamo lomqhele we-larch esemncane kunokubukeka kwesigaxa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho umuthi ukhula ube mdala futhi umdala, kuthatha ukwakheka okumise okwamaqanda.
Uhlelo lwe-larch izimpande lungazijwayeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi. Umuthi uvumelana nohlobo lomhlabathi ngenxa yokubumbana kwezimpande zawo, kwakheka izinqubo zokutholwa. Ezigungwini, izihlabathi, izinqwaba zamatshe noma emgodini owomile, i-larch ikhula isebenzisa ubuhlakani bezimpande zayo ukuba bube sendaweni enkulu eseduze kobuso bomhlaba. Amagatsha aphansi akhiwe ngezansi angathatha izimpande, okuqinisa izimpande futhi kusize isihlahla ukuba simelane nomoya onamandla.
Ungaqhakaza kanjani
Lapho ifinyelela iminyaka engu-15 noma engama-20, isihlahla siqala ukuqhakaza. Ukuqhakaza kweLarch ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Isikhathi sezimbali sithatha amasonto ayi-1.5. Ngokubambisana nezinaliti ezintsha, izithelo zivela ngendlela yezinhlobo ezincane. Njengoba lesi sihlahla sinobuhle, sinezimbali zabesifazane nabesilisa. Izimbali zabesifazane zibukeka njengezigaxa ezincane ezithambile zombala oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu, ofana nama roses amancane. Izinduna zakha ama-spikelets aluhlaza okhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaxa zobungqingili zikhula egatsheni elifanayo.
Izimbali
Lapho kuqala uSepthemba, izigaxa ziyavuthwa. Zinejamo eliyindilinga eliyindilinga elilingana nobukhulu obuyi-4 cm. Izikali zithola umbala onsundu, zinamaqabunga aqine kakhulu, anamahlahla. Imbewu enamaphiko isakazeka ngemuva kokugcotshwa kwezigaxa, kodwa ukuze ikhule izihlahla ezintsha kuzo, kudingeka izinga lokushisa le-zero nomswakama ophakeme. Isithiyo esisendleleni esuka embewini kuya ekubonakaleni kwesihlahla uthando olukhulu lwezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo emahlathini ngembewu. Ukuvunwa kwezihlahla ezintsha kuyehluka kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-9. Izingcingo ngemuva kokuhlakazeka kwembewu zingakwazi ukubambelela esihlahleni iminyaka eminingi.
Kukhula kuphi futhi kungakanani
I-Larch yisihlahla esithandekayo nesibandayo. ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, lapho kukhula khona i-larch, amahlathi angaphezu kwama-70% angamahlathi angahluphi. Kutholakala eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eNyakatho Melika, eNtshonalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu, eHimalaya naseTibet. Iminyaka emingaki i-larch ihlala endaweni lapho ikhula khona.
Nakani! Isikhathi sokuphila sesihlahla siseminyakeni engu-400-500, yize kukhona abacatshangelwa ukuthi iminyaka yabo ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-900 noma ngaphezulu. Isibonelo, eCrimea, futhi manje kukhona izihlahla, ontanga zokusungulwa komuzi.
Kungani uphonsa izinaliti
I-Larch iyakuthanda kakhulu ukukhanya, okungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwayo ngempumelelo. Kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi yindodakazi yeLanga. Ukungazithobi kwayo enhlabathini nasendaweni sezulu esibuhlungu kuyamangalisa. Umbuzo uphakama, ingabe i-larch ingumuthi ocebile noma onqenqemayo uma ibala amahlamvu awo njengezinye izihlahla ezinamandla?
Isihlahla ekwindla
Kuyiqiniso, i-larch isihlahla se-coniferous, kepha lapho kuqala ikwindla izinaliti zayo ziphuzi, kuthi lapho kufika ubusika isihlahla siyilahle, njengabafowethu abanohlonze. Lesi isici saso esihlukile kwezinye i-conifers. Yilapho igama lalesi sihlahla livela khona.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, kulula ukuyikhomba ngama-buds amancane ayindilinga atholakala kulo lonke ubude begatsha. Noma ngaphandle kwezinaliti, lesi sihlahla sibukeka njengelebhu evulekile.
Isihlahla ebusika
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Impela abaningi bebengakwazi lokho:
- Izinkuni zesihlahla se-larch zinezakhiwo ezihlukile. Okuqukethwe kwe-resin ephezulu kwenza i-larch iqine kakhulu futhi ivikele ukubola kangangokuba izakhiwo nezinto ezenziwe ngokhuni larch zigcinwa amakhulu eminyaka. Ngokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini, lesi sihlahla sithola ubunzima obunzima kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukushayela noma ukukhipha isipikili ngaphandle kokuphula. Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa ezintabeni zase-Altai, kutholakala imikhiqizo ye-larch, yobudala bayo bungaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-25.
- Izinkuni zezimpande ze-larch zinamandla kakhulu kunesiqu. Imikhiqizo evela kuma-rhizomes cishe ayinakufa, yize inzima ukucubungula. Kuze kube namuhla, ibhakede elenziwe ngekhulu le-18 ligcinwa eMnyuziyamu waseZagorsk. Iphatha amabhakede ayisi-1.5.
- Abantu baseSiberia ezikhathini zasendulo babazi ngezakhiwo zalo muthi. Futhi namuhla, itshungama elimnandi futhi elihlwabusayo elenziwe nge-resin yalo, equkethe izinto eziguquguqukayo nezilandelwayo ezivikela umgodi womlomo ezifweni nasezifo ezahlukahlukene, ithandwa kakhulu. Ibuyisa ngokuphelele indawo yamazinyo uma kunesidingo.
- Lesi sihlahla cishe asinayo imfucuza ngemuva kokucutshungulwa. Imitha eyi-cubic yokhuni yayo ikuvumela ukuthi ufike ku-700 litre utshwala be-ethyl, ama-200 kg we-cellulose, amamitha ayinkulungwane kasilika wokufakelwa, kanye ne-rosin, i-oyili ebalulekile, upende, i-acetic acid nezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo ezikhishwe kule mfucuza esele.
Ngokungabonakali emvelweni, i-pine ne-larch ejwayelekile iyahlukahluka ngakho akunakwenzeka ukubahlanganisa. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi larch ibukeka kanjani nokuthi ihluke kanjani kukaphayini. Kepha ngesimo sokhuni, lezi zihlahla kunzima ukuzihlukanisa nomuntu ongazi. Lapho uthenga izinto zokwakha, kufanele ukwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, ukuze ungazikhokhi, ngoba i-larch ibiza kakhulu.
Okokuqala, kufanele unake amagxolo ezinkuni. I-Larch inesakhiwo esiminyene, imifantu ejulile nokugqwala okubomvu. Pine has a barkner elincanyana umbala brown-aphuzi.
Kubalulekile! I-Larch isisindo kakhulu kunephayini. Uma ibhodi selinamanzi, ungawubona umehluko ekwakhekeni kwezinkuni.
Isihlahla sikaphayini asinayo iphethini ecacile, kuyilapho ibhodi ye-larch inephethini yemabula. Lapho usemanzini, i-larch iyacwila. Uma uvutha umlilo ngokhuni, ibhodi le-larch lizokhanyisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lizoshisa isikhathi eside.
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo larch, ayisetshenziswa kuphela embonini, kodwa futhi ngesidingo esikhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zawo emhlabeni, eziningi zazo ezinekhono lokuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamagatsha nezinaliti, umuthi awuphazamisi ukungena kokukhanya kwelanga ngokutshala endaweni engaphansi kwamagatsha.
Inhlonipho
Umqhele we-Openwork, ushintsha umbala usuka eluhlaza okotshani entwasahlobo uye kwegolide ekwindla, ubukeka muhle egqumeni elinamadwala, nalapho udweba indlela engadini. Izihlahla ezinde ezixegayo zitshalwa kahle emapaki nasezingadini ezinkulu. Kumapulani amancane engadi, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kungaba yindinganiso. Ekwindla, lapho umuthi uthela izinaliti, kulula ukusika amagatsha wenze umqhele.
- Ekubumbeni kwezakhiwo zasengadini, izinhlobo ezifana ne-European larch repens ne-pendula yaseJapan zivame ukusetshenziswa. I-Repens inomqhele wokulila ongaphezu kwemitha ngobukhulu futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama okuyi-1.5 m, elula kakhulu endaweni elinganiselwe yensimu encane.
IsiJapan
- I-pendula yaseJapan ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-8 futhi inesisindo somqhele ongafika kumamitha angama-4. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagatsha akha i-plume eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezungeze isiqu, esibukeka sisihle kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isivande.
- Ngaphezu kwezindawo ezisetshenziswayo, izinhlobo ezincane, ezinjenge-camper, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali nezindlela. Le nhlobo ingumgqumo obukeka njengomcamelo oluhlaza, uzohlobisa igquma noma indlela engadini.
Kempfera
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, i-larch iyinto yokwakha elite. Ukuphakama kwesihla somuthi kuvikela umkhiqizo kuwo ekubhujisweni ngumswakama, okwenza izinkuni zilingane ngamandla ukuze zitshe. Ukuthintana namanzi amasha nosawoti kukhulisa amandla alo futhi kwenza ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi nasekwakheni izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngemininingwane! Ukuhamba isikhashana emlandweni kuzokutshela ukuthi ezintanjeni zikakhonkolo kukhona iVenice neSt. Petersburg. Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola izakhiwo zasendulo ze-larch, ubudala bazo bungaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15.
Ibhodi ye-larch
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sihlahla asiqugi, kodwa siba namandla. Okuqukethwe yi-gum nokuqukethwe kwegamu kuzinkuni kuyigcina ingaboli kanye namagciwane. Ngokuphathelene namandla nokufaneleka ekwakheni, i-larch ayibekeki phansi kune-oki, kodwa idlula ngandlela thile. Isiqu esiqondile nesingenabuthi sikuvumela ukuba uthole izingodo zekhwalithi enhle kakhulu. Amabhodi namapulangwe anephethini elihle nemibala engu-12 yombala: ukusuka onsundu kuya kwegolide.
Izinto ezinhle zokuqedela okuhle eziqhamuka enkosini yaseSiberia naseDaurian ziyanda kakhulu emakethe yezinto zokwakha. Imikhiqizo evela kule nkuni imelana kakhulu nemiphumela yemikhuba nezimo zezulu futhi igcina ukubonakala kwayo phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza.
Lesi sihlahla asiqhubeki ukushisa kahle futhi sinamandla okuqongelela nokuqwabelana. Ukuqeda indlu ye-log ngezinto ezinjalo kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukufudumele endlini ebusika futhi kupholile ehlobo.
Nakani! Kudala, ngokwezizukulwane, izakhamizi zezindawo lapho i-larch iyisidalwa esingajwayelekile zazifuna izihlahla emahlathini ezichitha izinaliti ekwindla, zibagawule bese ziyiletha ezigcemeni zabo zizokwakha indlu. Izinkuni zokwakha zazihlanganiswe iminyaka eminingi. Kwenzeka ukuthi yindlalifa yezizukulwane ezimbalwa kuphela engakha indlu yenkosi.
Ngaphezu kokumelana nokubola, umlilo nezinambuzane, amandla nobuhle, i-larch inezinto zokwelapha. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba, ama-antioxidants nama-phytoncides okhunini kunomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu. Indlu eyakhiwe ngokhuni lwale nhlobo izovikela impilo futhi idambise ukukhathala kwansuku zonke nokucindezelwa kwempi yedolobha. Noma sekuphele iminyaka eminingi kwakhiwa, izinkuni azilahlekelwa yimpahla yayo yokuphilisa.
Kubalulekile! Kulokhu, sikhuluma kuphela nge-larch yaseSiberia, ngoba izinhlobo zaseYurophu ezimeni zazo ziphansi ngisho nophayini futhi azihlobene nezinhlobo ezibalulekile.
Ibhodi likaphayini
Okubi kwe-larch, njengempahla yokwakha, kuyizindleko zayo eziphakeme nobunzima bokucubungula. Ukuthuthwa kwempahla ezithwala izimpahla kusuka eSiberia, ukungakwazi ukugoqa emfuleni, ukusetshenziswa okuningana kwezindlela zokusebenzisa izindlela zokwenza indlu yokhuni enjalo ibe yintengo ebizayo.
I-Larch akuyona nje isihlahla esiyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi siyimfihlakalo. Ezinye izimfihlakalo zalo sezixazululiwe, kepha okunye okufihlwe emfihlakalweni. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ezizweni eziningi, lesi sihlahla sasiyinkolo. Futhi namhlanje yaziwa njengophawu lweRussia. Kepha hhayi umlando nezinganekwane nje kuphela ezenza lo muthi ungaqondakali. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi isiqu somuthi ogawuliwe siyaqhubeka sikhula iminyaka eminingi. Kwavela ukuthi amaqembu e-larch ahlala endaweni eseduze kwesihlahla esiqanjiwe akha uhlelo olulodwa lwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, imibono emnandi ye-movie "Avatar" mayelana "ne-Intanethi" yemvelo ingokoqobo impela.
Nakani! Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isiqu esisikwe esiqwini sivaleka ngokuphelele, sivikele ezinye izihlahla ezifweni, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sigaxa sisahlala iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yomsoco ojwayelekile wohlelo lonke lwezimpande.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme le-photosynthesis, i-larch luhlobo olwakha ihlathi. Ngenxa yale mpahla, impikiswano yokuluhlaza okotshani yasemadolobheni ingaxazululwa ngokuzayo. Isipiliyoni saseYekaterinburg siyaqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sihlahla singukukhetha okungcono kakhulu emigwaqweni yedolobha enamagagasi. Kepha lokhu akuyona yonke imfihlakalo. Ngokwesimo sendawo yama-larch massifs nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngokhuni lwawo, ososayensi bangabona ngokunemba okuphezulu indawo okuphuma kuyo amapayipi kimberlite kanye nokuba khona kwamadayimane. Ngale ndlela, kwatholakala idiphozi yedayimane eYakutia.
Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, amaqiniso amaningi, okutholakele kanye nezinsumansumane kuqoqiwe okutshelwa nge-larch, ukuthi isihlahla esimangazayo seNyakatho Nenkabazwe sinaziphi izinto ezingajwayelekile, ezihlukile nezimpawu. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezikule hlobo lwalo mhlambi, okwenza sikwazi ukuzisebenzisa hhayi nje kuphela ekwakheni, kodwa nasekwenziweni kwengadi, ukuhlola, umuthi futhi nje ujabulele ubuhle bamahlathi e-larch.
