Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry. Ukubonisa izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene, bayakwazi ukwanelisa cishe noma yikuphi ukunambitheka komthengi.
Kukhona lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, ezijabulisa abathandi bezithelo zakuqala nezithelo zabo. Ummeli ovelele waleli qembu uhlobo lwe-cherry enkumbulweni yeVavilov. Abalimi beRussia ephakathi namanye ama-republic of the former USSR abonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kuwo. Incazelo eyengeziwe yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ngenkumbulo kaVavilov, umlando wokukhethwa kanye nezincomo zokutshala.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Lo cherry watholakala ngenxa yocwaningo lokuzalisa ngabacwaningi. I-Russian-All Research Institute ye-Genetics ne-Breeding (eyayiyiCentral Genetic Laboratory) yona. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, esifundeni saseTambov).
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ekukhunjweni kweVavilov zanikezelwa kumsosayensi ovelele waseRashiya noSoviet ovelele, odala umqoqo omkhulu kunawo wonke wezinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, i-academician ye-USSR Academy of Sciences kanye ne-Academy of Agricultural Sciences U-Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943).
I-tandem yomlobi, owasebenza ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene (E.N. Kharitonov, S.V. Zhukov), wakhetha izithombo ezitholakale ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamahhala okungafani okungaziwa njengesizathu se-cherry "isikhumbuzo".
Ngemuva kokuqhuba uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zokuhlolwa, le nqubo yahlonishwa ngokusemthethweni futhi ifakwe kwirejista yombuso yezithelo zezithelo. ezindaweni eziphansi zezolimo ze-Volga ne-Central Black Earth. Kwenzeke ngo-1985
Ngemuva kokugunyazwa okusemthethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, hhayi kuphela ukulimala abalimi abasebenza emapulazini aseRussia central kodwa futhi izazi ezivela kwamanye amazwe aseSoviet Union zangena ezithakazelisayo.
Ngokuyinhloko, abalimi babehlanganyela ngokuzikhandla ekuvivinyweni kwabo okuzimele ukuze bavumelanise ama-cherries e-Memory kaVavviv kuya ezimweni zendawo zezulu nezase-agrotechnical. I-Ukraine ne-Belarus. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwe-cherry ekukhunjweni kweVavilov kwavunyelwa ukuklanywa eKharkov, Gomel naseGrodno, ukuqhubeka nokuchaza izici zangaphandle ezihlukahlukene.
Morozovka, Inkumbulo ka-Enikeeva, iZhivitsa, iTurgenevka nayo iyafaneleka ukulima kulezi zifunda.
Ukubukeka kwe-Cherry Memory of Vavilov
I-Cherry Inkumbulo kaVavilov inezici zayo zangaphandle nezakhi ezihlukanisa nezinye izitshalo ze-cherry. "I-portrait" yakhe ibonakala kanje:
Isihlahla
Izakhiwe ngokwanele ubude. Umbala wesikhuni se-stem usundu-oluhlaza.
Crown, amagatsha.
E-cherry yalolu hlobo, umqhele uvela ngendlela yepiramidi esakazeka kabanzi. Ubuningi bamagatsha omqhele buphakathi. Ukuma komqhele kubalwa njengokujwayelekile.
Amahlumela. Ngamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi asinamahlumela kakhulu kunesivinini esibalulekile.
On the amahlumela kukhona internodes elongated. Amaqabunga amakhulu, amabala omnyobo wokuma ngendlela ehambisanayo, namacebiso aqondile ngokuvamile ahamba kancane ekubalekeni.
Amahlamvu. Iqabunga-elifana neqabunga elimnyama elimnyama linendawo ephakeme kakhulu ebukhali kanye nesisekelo esizungezile. Amazinyo aphakathi nendawo enza ubude beqabunga bicuspid. Ishidi ngokwaso, njengombuso, ligobile cishe phezulu. Kusukela phezulu, ubuso be-matte epuleti bubuhle kakhulu kumathinta, ngenani elincanyana lemibimbi.
Ishidi elingaphansi linokushiywa okuncane. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okweluhlaza, okushicilelwe uhlobo oluthile luvame ukuwa ngokushesha. Amahlamvu anamathele emagatsheni nge-petioles elincane, elincanyana elinemibala ebonakalayo.
I-Inflorescences Yakhiwe izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Imiphetho yembali ngayinye i-wavy kancane.
Izithelo
Izithelo zomzimba oyedwa ngesimo senhliziyo ebanzi ezweni elivuthiwe likhulu ngobukhulu.
Izinkomba zesisindo ngesikhathi esisodwa - okuphakathi (ezimweni eziningi, isisindo samajikijolo avamile silinganiselwe ku-3.6 kuya ku-4.2 g; ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cherry ingase ibe nesisindo esincane). Isisekelo esinqunyiwe nesiphephelo sinikeza isifuba esifana nesimo senhliziyo esifubeni.
Izithelo ezifanayo ngokubukeka nesisindo zihlinzekwa nguVyanok, Lebedyanskaya noDessert Morozova.
Esikhathini esisezingeni elisezingeni eliphansi elingasemuva. Umbala wesikhumba sesithelo esivuthiwe yi-burgundy.
Umbala we-pulp ubomvu obomvu. Inyama ngokwayo ine-soft-soft flexity kanye nenqwaba yelanga elibomvu elibomvu.
Ngaphakathi kwesithelo yi-bone oval ye-shades ekhanyayo. Kusukela emthanjeni we-pulp uhlukaniswe ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-cherry ye-Variety Memory of Vavilov ngesimiso sokukhulelwa kungokwesigaba se-self-infertile izithelo izitshalo. Ngokuqondene nalezi zinhlobo kusho ukuthi, ngenxa yezici ezithile zokwakha imbali (i-stamens kanye ne-stigma ye-pistil itholakale efihlekile emazingeni ahlukene) kanye nendlela yokwakhiwa kwe-ovari, inani elincane kakhulu lezithelo lenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-self-pollination.
Izinhlobo zokuzithandela nazo ziyiZhukovskaya, Malinovka, i-Podbelskaya.
Le nkinga iqedwa ngokubeka eduze komuntu wezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yezinye izinhlobo ze-cherry.
Ngakho, ukubonwa okuhleliwe kubonisa lokho isivuno esihle kanye namajikijolo aphezulu e-Memory of Vavilov ikhuthaza izinhlobo zokuvotela ezinjengeTurgenevka, ubudala obufanayo.
Ezimweni ezifanelekayo zezulu nezase-agrotechnical, isiko siqala ukuthela izithelo. ngonyaka wesine ngemva kokutshala lesi sitsha.
Isihlahla njalo ngonyaka izimbali ezincane ngokwanele, futhi ngokusho kwesikhathi sesithelo sokuvuthwa, libhekisela kuma cherry asekuqaleni. Amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokuvamile asuswe phakathi Julayi 15 no-25.
Uma zonke izidingo zokutshala, ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo nokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni zilandelwa ngokuqinile, i-Cherry ku-Memory of Vavilov ibonisa isivuno esikhulu kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, ngonyaka ngamunye umuthi wesilinganiso ususwe emthini omdala. isivuno sika 13-16 kg, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngo 20-22 kg.
Izinhlobo ezifana neRossoshanskaya black, Tamaris, Minx, eChernokorka zikhombisa isivuno esikhulu.
I-cherry yalezi zihlukahlukana iveza izithelo ezinamathekisthi omuhle kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ibonakala ngamanothi aqabulayo ahlukile, enomuncu omnandi.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-cherry, ochwepheshe abaningi banikeza amaphuzu angaphezu kwezingu-4 esikalini samaphuzu angu-5 ehlola isikhalazo esinambithekayo. Ukuqashelwa okunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphakameni kwama cherry ezindaweni ezikuwo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wezinkumbulo zikaVavviv's kuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo zamakhemikhali:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 11,0% |
| Ama-acids e-organic | 1,6% |
| Indaba eyomile | 18,1% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 21.65 mg / 100 g |
I-Cherry Memory Vavilova ikhombisa ubunzima obusika obuvamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkuni zalesi siko kanye namaqabunga ezimbali zalo ziphikisa kakhulu emakhazeni ephakathi.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezithelo, i-cherry Memory Vavilov cherry ehlukahlukene ithatha isikhundla somhlaba wonke. Ngamanye amazwi, izithelo zawo zidla ngokulinganayo ekudleni kokubili okusetshenzisiwe okusha nezobuchwepheshe.
Noma kunjalo, ama cherry amasha, kanye ne-compote, jam, i-jam noma i-liqueur azikhanga nje kuphela ukunambitheka kwabo. Zinezinhlobo eziningi ze-macro-micronutrients ehlukahlukene, izinto ze-pectic, amavithamini - konke okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yabantu.
Izinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile zama cherry nazo zihlanganisa i-Tsarevna, i-Ashinskaya, i-Uralskaya Rubinovaya ne-Fairy.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Isikhathi sokufika kufanele sandulele ukulungiselela isayithilapho umuthi ukhula khona futhi unike izitshalo zawo. Ukuzimisela indawo enhle kuxhomeke ekuphumeleleni nasekuzuzeni ukuhlakulelwa kweMemori kaVavriv's Cherry kuyoba.
Okokuqala, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla (okokuqala, isimiso saso) isikhala esanele sokuthuthukiswa okuvamile.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingokwezilimo ezikhula kakhulu, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba banikeze ingxenye engama-4x4 m ngokutshala imbewu eyodwa.
Kufanele abe kuhle ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhanyiswe ilanga, ekhoneni elingenalutho lensimu (kungaba kuhle ukuba nodonga eduze kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo), lapho amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi angakhuphuki ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili kuya emhlabathini.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-cherry ingcono kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi enhle neyesihlabathi.
I-Cherry ingatshala kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Esizeni sokutshala izihlahla ukumba imbobo ngokujula 40-60 cm nobuningi obungenani cm 60. Inhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini kufanele ixutshwe ngokugcwele namafomu e-organic and mineral ukuze igcwalise isimiso sezimpande.
Ngaphambi kokutshala umgodi uthele 2-3 amabhakede amanzi futhi umvumele ahlale izinsuku eziningana.
Ukuze isitshalo siphume kahle futhi siqale ukukhula ngokushesha, kunconywa ukuthi umanyolo ophilayo njengama-humus noma umquba, i-superphosphate (35-40 g) ne-potassium chloride (20 g) kufanele ibekwe phansi kwegoli.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo cishe kufana nobuchwepheshe bokutshala ezinye izitshalo ze-cherry. Umuthi ugodiwe emgodini ezimpandeni, futhi ubeke endaweni leyo, umgodi ugcwele ingxube elungiselelwe yenhlabathi nomanyolo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhundla esinjalo sokuphanga kubhekwa njengelungile, lapho, ngemuva kokumuncuzela umswakama, indawo yokuguquka ibe yintambo (impande yentamo) iphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba ngo-6-7 cm.
Ekupheleni kokugcwalisa uhlelo lwempande, faka ngokucophelela indawo ezungeze isiqu se-seedling ngezinyawo noma ezinye izindlela. Endaweni engama-30-40 cm azungeze i-trunk yakha uhlaka lwebumbafuthi yakha ngale ndlela Amabhakede amabili amanzi azinzile athululelwa phezu komngcwabo.
Ukuze uvikele umhlaba owanamanzi kusukela omile ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi uphahlale, umbuthano we-trunk ufafaza umquba we-sawdust noma i-humus.
Ukuze umuthi uthuthuke kahle, udinga ukuwuqaphela njalo. Ukunakekelwa okunempilo kuhilela ukuchelela okuvamile, ukukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla, amagatsha okusika izihlahla. Ukudubula kwama cherry kwenziwa njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhefu lokuphuza (cishe ngo-Ephreli). Uma igatsha seliqedwe ngokuphelele, kufanele linqunywe phansi kakhulu ukuze ngemuva kwalokho akukho-hemp ehlala esihlahleni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Abalimi abathintekayo ekutshalweni kwezinhlobonhlobo Imemori yeVavilov, gubha ukuphika okuhle kwalolu hlobo kuya ku-coccomycosis. Nokho ngokuhlobene Isimo seMoniliosis sibonisa ukumelana okulinganiselweukuthi nge-cherry kusho ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo sofungal.
Ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-agent causative ye-moniliasis, i-asilomycete monilia fungus, amagatsha omuthi aqala ukuma ngokushesha. Lokhu kuholela ekubeni buthakathaka kwesitshalo nokufa kwayo.
Inkinga ixazululwa yindlela yokucubungula izinkuni ze-fungicides. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherries eziphikisana ngokukhethekile nezifo ze-fungal, njengeLyubskaya, i-Vladimirskaya ne-Novella.
Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu - ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye ezomile zamagatsha ziyanqunywa ngokuthunjwa kwengxenye enempilo yegatsha cishe ngo-10 cm.
Ukugcwaliseka kwemithetho yonke yokuhlakulela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zePamyat Vavilov kwandisa amathuba okuthola izithelo eziningi ze-dessert enempilo futhi enhle.
