Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba "Shosh"

Izinhlamvu ze-partenocarpic zamakhukhamba zinenzuzo ecacile ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zemvelo esizisebenzisayo-azidingi impova.

Yiqiniso, abalimi abadluli ngezinhlobo ezinjalo. Phakathi kwalezi nzalo zamakhukhamba abamele emakethe yethu, kwavela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "Shosh F1", okwakhiwa yiboshi beRussia.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izici zalezi zinhlobonhlobo nokulima kwayo.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Izinkamba ezihlukahlukene "Shosh F1" yi-hybrid yesizukulwane sokuqala. Kunconyelwe ukutshala ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni zaseRussia, kodwa kuhle kakhulu kwezinye izindawo.

Lezi zihlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-40) ezingadingeki ukuba zibe yimpova, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zomlobokazi zezimbali, futhi zilungele ukukhula kunoma yiziphi izimo (ukuvuleka komhlaba, ukushisa okushisa, ibhaluni). Izimfanelo ezinjalo zenza kancane kancane zisekelwe ezimweni zesimo sezulu kanye nokuvuna impova yizinambuzane. I-node ngayinye ingabuthisa ama-ukhukhamba 1-3, okuyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezithelayo.

I-Parthenocarpic ihlanganisa nentshonalanga yamakhukhamba "Ecole", "Crispina", "Amur", "Cedric", "April", "Hector", "Emerald Namacici", "Berendey", "isiJalimane".

Kuphikisana nezifo eziyinhloko zamakhukhamba: i-mosaic, i-powdery isikhutha, ihlose amaqabunga amaqabunga kanye ne-yellowing vein virus.

Ukungalungi kwaloluhlobo lwekhukhamba kuphela ukuthi, njengoba kuyimvelo, imbewu yayo ayifanele ukuhlwanyela okulandelayo, futhi akusizi ngalutho ukuyiqoqa.

Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba emgqonyeni, emasakeni, emabhakede, e-hydroponics, efasiteleni, ebhaleni, emabhodleleni epulasitiki.

Izithelo nezivuno

Kusukela ekukhuleni kwezithombo kuze kuvuthwe kweZelentsa yokuqala kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-40. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo yi-12-18 kg ngamitha yendawo ngayinye. m

I-Zelentsy inqamule, kusukela ku-6 ukuya ku-12 cm ubude futhi ububanzi buka-2-3.5 cm, obulinganiselwa ku-85 g. Izithelo ezinamandla eziluhlaza zemibala eluhlaza zihlanganiswa naso yonke indawo yesikhumba nge-tubercles evamile yobukhulu obuphakathi.

Zigqamile, zingaphakathi inyama enomzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnandi ngaphandle kwe-voids kanye nembewu encane. Ukhukhamba lwalezi zinhlobonhlobo awunambitheki obabayo futhi luhle kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuna (okukhethwa ngamanzi, i-salting, ama-salads), adliwa kahle ema salad ehlobo. Yiba nezhkost enhle.

Uyazi? Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amakhukhamba amaningi amasha we-gout, izinso zesifo nesibindi. Lo mkhiqizo ophansi wekhalori uwusizo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala. I-diuretic ne-decongestant enhle kakhulu. Amakhukhamba anamafutha anamafutha ayengasenayo insizakalo enjalo futhi abe nokuphikisana.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ukuvuna kwesikhathi esizayo kuxhomeke ekukhethweni kwamakhukhamba izithombo. Bambalwa abantu abanethuba lokuzithengela ezindaweni ezikhethekile noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngokuvamile baya emakethe.

Kuhle uma usuvele wazi umuntu onokwethenjelwa onokwethenjelwa okhula futhi uthengise izithombo zekhukhamba, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akanalo uhlobo oludingayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile ukuthengwa kwenziwa kubathengi abangajwayelekile, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwezithombo kubalulekile.

Kulesi simo, ukunakwa kufanele kubhaliswe kula maphuzu alandelayo:

Iminyaka eyihle yokulinganisa ibhekwa njengensimu eneminyaka engu-30 ubudala ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-5 kuya ku-25, ibe namaqabunga ama-5-6, ubude beqoqo le-perimeter alibanga ngaphezu kwama-5 cm, ubukhulu bayo buba ngu-6-10 mm. Kodwa izithombo zezinkathi zangaphambilini, izinsuku eziyi-15-20 ezinama-2-3 amashidi noma izinsuku ezingu-10-12 ngeshidi ngalinye, zizogxila kahle;
Izithombo kufanele zibe nesiqu esinamandla namahlamvu aluhlaza okomnyama;
kufanele bathenge izitshalo ngezimpande ezinamandla kanye ne-clock earthy. Ukukhethwa okuhle kakhulu kungaba ukuthenga izithombo ngamabhodlela akhethekile;
Asikho isidingo sokuthenga izithombo ezinamanzi, njengoba zizothatha izimpande kabi;
isikhathi eside kakhulu, izitshalo ezinamahlumela ezinesibindi esiphelile kufanele zigwenywe;
wenqaba ukuthenga izithombo ngeqhwa elimhlophe, amabala amnyama namaqabunga aphikisiwe - isitshalo esinjalo singalimala.

Buza umdayisi mayelana nohlobo lwekhukhamba owuyithenga, "Shosh" namasu ayo ezolimo. Uma ephendula ngokuzethemba, khona-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi nguye othengisa.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza isivuno esihle ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, ezivulekile, ezivundile ezihlelekile kahle futhi zicebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Okukhethwa yizinto ezingathathi hlangothi noma zenhlabathi elincane e-alkaline ne-acidity efika ku-6.2. Njengoba izimpande zalesi siko zitholakala phezulu (kufinyelela ku-30 cm ngokujula), ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuzaleni kwenhlabathi engaphezulu.

Inhlabathi enomhlabathi kumele ibe yi-lime, okwenza i-lime ngesilinganiso esingu-50-150 g nge-1 sq. Km. m I-acid engcolile ingathuthukiswa ngomlotha (1 kg nge-1 sq. m).

Zazi ngokwakho ngokuzikhethela kwe-acidity yenhlabathi.

Ingxenye engenhla yamaxhaphozi usawoti kanye nezinhlabathi ezisindayo, ezingafanelekile zingashintshwa ngomhlabathi owathengiwe. Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi yokutshala ukhukhamba kumele kube amasonto 3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuxhomeke kuhlobo lomhlaba:

Inhlabathi enamandla enhlabathini kumele ikhululwe ngokufaka isihlabathi, umgquba kanye nomquba, ama-humus;
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi yenza ngcono ukufakwa kohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo njengendlela yomquba obolile kanye ne-peat, umquba, kanye nophethi noma ubumba lwe-clay, i-sapropel;
Ihlabathi elinyanyiswayo elinyanyisiwe liyathuthukiswa yi-compost, umquba wamahhashi, ufulawa wama dolomite, i-sawdust ebolile;
Inhlabathi ye-podzolic idinga ukusetshenziswa komquba (ihhashi, unogwaja, imbuzi) kanye ne-peat, humus kanye ne-compost.

Uyazi? Ubuningi be-acid bungathathwa yizimila kuwo. Ngakho-ke, i-horsetail, i-bluberiki, ama-mosses akhula emhlabathini nge-asidi ephakeme. I-Mint, i-bearberry, i-rosemary yasendle, i-lingonberry enomhlabathi we-acid ephakathi. I-sedge nobuningi be-kupena bakhetha inhlabathi ye-subacid. I-Clover, i-chamomile, i-nettle, i-yarrow izwa kahle enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi. Umhlonyane, i-vetch, i-sedge ne-alfalfa bakhetha umhlaba onobuthakathaka obuthakathaka.

Ukhukhamba ngokunamandla ukhethe izakhi zomhlabathi ezicebile potassium ne-nitrogen. Izandulela phambili zokukhukhamba yizitshalo, u-anyanisi nogalikhi, imifino, iklabishi yokuqala.

Kodwa emva kweklabishi yezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo eziphuzile, amakhabe kanye nemifino, izaqathe kanye ne-turnips, utamatisi, i-pepper nama-eggplant, kungcono ukungatshali ukhukhamba. Ukhukhamba ungatshala endaweni efanayo emva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu ukuvimbela izifo.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Ikhukhamba isitshalo semiphetho efudumele, kanti izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokuhluma kwembewu yalo liphakathi + 25 ... +30 ° C, nakuba amahlumela angabonakala ngo -15 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi akusizi ngalutho ukulinda.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba "Shosh F1" emgqonyeni

Ukushisa okungcono kokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kanye ne-fruiting ku-24 + +28 ° C, kodwa emazingeni okushisa angu-3 + + 4 ° C nangaphansi, lesi siko siyafa. Ebusuku izinga lokushisa ngezansi +15 ... I-+18 ° C, isivuno samakhukhamba sinciphisa. Lesi siko futhi asibekezeleli ukushintshashintsha okubukhali ekushiseni kwemoya.

Amakhukhamba afana nesimo sezulu esinomsoco. Njengoba benesisindo somzimba esincane esibomvu esinomzimba oluhlaza okwedlulele, abavame ukungena emswakama, bazizwa behle kakhulu uma umswakama wenhlabathi ungama-80-85% futhi kunomoya omswakama we-90%. Lapho umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi kuka-60% uqala ukufuna, futhi umswakama ongaphezu kwama-95% unomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo, isitshalo sitshalo.

Kodwa ngokwemibandela yokukhanyisa, lesi siko asisasidingi kakhulu, singakhula ngomthunzi okhethekile. Ukhetha usuku oluncane olukhanyayo emahoreni angu-10-12. Uma usuku lukhuphukela emahoreni angu-16, isivuno sesitshalo sihla. Ukukhanyisa okwanele kwenza lesi sitshalo sibe buthakathaka, sihlangane futhi sibe nethonya elibi ku-fruiting.

Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba "Shosh F1" ku-greenhouse

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Ikhukhamba isithombo kungenzeka ngempela ukukhula ekhaya. Kulokhu, uzoba nokuqiniseka ezinhlobonhlobo zezithombo futhi uzokwazi kahle imfanelo yayo.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Hlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele kube nezinsuku ezingu-20-30 ngaphambi kokudlulelwa okulindelwe. Ngokuvamile imbewu enjalo ihlwanyelwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Imbewu ephakanyisiwe yezinhlobo zekhukhamba "Shosh" kusuka kubakhiqizi abaziwayo, cishe kungenzeka kakade kusetshenzwe.

Kodwa uma uthengile imbewu ngesisindo, kufanele ubanjwe imizuzu engu-20 kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, bese uhlanza kahle.

Funda ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani imbewu yekhukhamba, ukuthi ungashesha kanjani ukukhuphula ukhukhamba.

Ukwandisa ukumelana okubandayo kwezithombo ezizayo, kunconywa ukuba lukhuni imbewu. Ukwenza lokhu, bahlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzi futhi bafakwe efrijini izinsuku ezimbili ekushiseni kwe--2 ... 0 ° C.

Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu ayiguquki. Uma ufisa, ungawagcoba ukuze uhlasele, kodwa lokhu akudingekile, ngoba izithombo zamakhukhamba zivela ngokushesha.

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo zekhukhamba emafasitela efasitela noma loggias evuthayo ebheke eningizimu. Lena isitshalo se-thermophilic. Ekamelweni lapho izithombo ziyokhula khona, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe okungenani +20 ° C, futhi ukuze kuhlume imbewu kufanele kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale ukushisa okufudumele (cishe + 25 ° C).

Ngenxa yokuthi ukhukhamba, njengawo wonke amathanga, awabekezeli ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, ikhukhamba ngayinye kufanele ikhule emgodini ohlukile. Njengeziqukathi ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa izinkomishi zepulasitiki, izimbiza ze-peat kanye namathebulethi, amakhasethi, amathreyi, amabhodlela asepulasitiki anqunywe njalo njalo. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ububanzi bawo nokujula kufanele kube okungenani ama-7-10 cm futhi kufanele kube nomgodi wamanzi.

Ingxube yomhlabathi ingathengwa, kodwa ungazilungiselela ngokwakho, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuxuba ngobuningi be-1: 1: 1: 1 inhlabathi ye-turf, isihlabathi, i-peat ene-vermiculite noma i-sawdust. Kutuswa ukunciphisa inhlabathi ngokushisa esithandweni, ukuchelela ngamanzi abilayo noma i-potassium permanganate.

Uyazi? Njengesivuno, ukhukhamba seyilinywa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Le mifino ethandwayo ivela eNdiya. Manje usezitholakala endle ngaphansi kwezintaba ze-Himalaya. Izithelo zamakhukhamba zasendle zincane futhi zivame ukubabala, azifanelekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Inzalo ngayinye itshalwe esitsheni esisodwa. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele iphuze futhi igcobe kancane, yenza umgodi cishe u-2 cm phakathi nendawo yesitshalo ngasinye ukuze uthole izithombo bese ubeka imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili kuyo. Fafaza nomhlaba futhi uhlasele phezulu ngensiza.

Amandla kufanele afakwe ngaphezulu kwefilimu futhi athumele endaweni efudumele ngaphambi kokuhluma. Ngokujwayelekile zibekwe eceleni kwebhethri. Nsuku zonke, udinga ukulawula okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate, ungawuvumeli ukuthi ume futhi uphume kancane emaminithini ambalwa.

Funda ukuthi ungatshala ukhukhamba kanjani izithombo.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Lapho nje amahlumela avela, iziqukathi nazo zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe ngezinga lokushisa okungenani + 18 ... +20 ° С. Uma imbewu engaphezu kweyodwa ikhulile itanki, i-sprout eyodwa eqinile ishiywe, kanti lesibili sinqunywe.

Uma kukhona ukungabikho kokukhanya, izitshalo kufanele zikhanyiswe, futhi uma imisebe eqondile yelanga elishisayo iwela kuwo, kufanele ivikelwe kusuka ekushiseni okungenzeka. Ukuze ukhanyise, ungasebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent noma ze-LED.

Ikhukhamba izithombo ngaphansi kwezibani

Ukunisela izithombo kufanele kwenziwe njengokomiswa kwengxenye engenhla yomhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele. Uma umoya ekamelweni lome kakhulu, kufanele lihanjiswe ngesipuni. Uma kunesidingo, uthele ngaphansi komhlabathi okhulayo wezitshalo.

Izithombo zamakhukhamba ngesikhathi sokutshala indlu kumele zondliwe okungenani kabili:

Lesi sitshalo sondliwa okokuqala lapho amaqabunga amabili okuqala esethuthukile. Ukwenza lokhu, i-1 g ye-ammonium nitrate (urea), i-3 g ye-superphosphate kanye no-2 g we-potassium sulfate ihlanjululwe ku-litre lamanzi afudumele kanye nezithombo ezincelisiwe. Ukudla kokuqala kungenziwa nangezinyoni zezinyoni, zisakaze ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:20;
okwesibili ukugqoka ngaphambi nje kokuphuma. Emalitha amanzi ahlanza 2-3 g we potassium sulfate, 4 g we-superphosphate.

Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zamakhukhamba kufanele ziqale ukuqina, zilethe emkhathini. Okokuqala, kufanele ukhuthazelele kancane, bese ukwandisa isikhathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele zisetshenziswe ubusuku ebusuku emgodini.

Kubalulekile! Uma ukhula izithombo nokuqina, iziklamo ezibandayo, izinguquko zokushisa ngokuzumayo nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngezansi + 5 ... + 7 ° С kufanele kugwenywe. Izimo ezinjalo zingenza buthakathaka noma zidale ngisho nokufa kwezitshalo zekhukhamba, ukunciphisa yonke imizamo yakho yokuzikhula zibe zero.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Izithombo zamakhukhamba ezinhlobonhlobo ze "Shosh" zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho usongo lweqhwa seludlulile futhi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi selifudumala ngaphezu kuka -12 ° С Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ngaphambi kwalokho (ngoMeyi 10-15), amakhukhamba angatshalwa nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zefilimu zesikhashana. Ezimweni zokushisa, izitshalo zitshalwe ngo-Ephreli 15-20.

Ukuqhamuka kwenziwa emibhedeni elungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ngesikwele esingu-1. Indawo esetshenzisiwe yatshala ama-ukhukhamba amade ama-3-4 amahlathi. Ekuqaleni, izimbobo ziyacutshungulwa, kufakwe umanyolo omncane (umquba ovuthiwe, umquba, umlotha), futhi aphuziswa.

Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.

Khona-ke kufanele ususe ngokucophelela izithombo nge-clod yomhlaba bese usitshala emgodini. Lapho ukutshala akukwazi ukuguqa kakhulu. Khona-ke, amanzi ngokucophelela kuphela izitshalo ezitshaliwe ngamanzi afudumele bese ufafaza phezulu ngenhlabathi eyomile noma omile.

Ama-Agrotechnics akhula imbewu evulekile

Izinhlobo zakuqala zamakhukhamba zikhulile kahle ensimini kanye nembewu. Izitshalo ezinjalo azihambisani nezifo.

Izimo zangaphandle

Ukutshala ukhukhamba udinga ukukhetha indawo enokuthula engayikushaywa umoya. Ukuvikela ukuphikisana nomoya kungatshalwa nxazonke zommbila noma ubhekilanga. Lezi zimilo zihlwanyelwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli emigqeni emibili noma emithathu ngekhefu lama-25 cm. Zikhula ngokushesha futhi zidale ucingo lwemvelo.

Umhlabathi wokutshala ukhukhamba kufanele ulungiswe kusengaphambili, ungakwazi ngisho nokuwa. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu kungcono ukutshala ukhukhamba emthunzini obala, kanti nakwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho ngehlobo elibandayo, kungcono ukhethe icebo elikhanyayo.

Ukulima emkhukhamba wensimu basebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

emibhawulweni eyenziwe ngamapulangwe, ensimbi, epulasitiki noma eyenziwe ngamathayi emoto ngezantsi;
emaphakheji (kungenzeka ukuthi udoti) noma izikhwama ezimele imibhede eqondile. Ukunisela kwenzeka kule nkinga ngosizo lwamapayipi epulasitiki, angcwatshwa emhlabathini;
ekamelweni elikhethekile noma etendeni, okwenza umsebenzi ovikelekile wesimo sezulu;
phezu kwezintambo ze-willow noma ze-bird cherry, ezifakwe emhlabathini, bese zihlangana phakathi komzimba ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo.

Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba "Shosh F1" ku-greenhouse

Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ezivuthiwe zingatshalwa ekupheleni kukaMashi ku-greenhouse ukuze zithole isivuno sangaphambilini. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-greenhouse yalungiswa ekwindla. Ingqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi isusiwe (cishe ngo-5 cm), ngoba ama-microorganisms ama-pathogenic ngamakhukhamba ahlala kuso. Ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokungasebenzi nge-sulfate. Benza umquba wezinto eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali, i-lime, bese ubamba umhlabathi.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu itshalwe ngamakhukhamba ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho umhlaba ufudumele ngokwanele. Imbewu iqala ukuhluma futhi ifakwe i-disinfected. Bahlwanyelwa lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luvutha ngaphezu kwe-+15 ° C.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba ngesikhathi sokuvuleka.

Imibhede yaseJalimani ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngalesi sizathu, zibeka umugqa ngokujula okungaphezu kwama-70 cm. Khona-ke umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenzisiwe - umquba, umquba olungiselelwe, i-peat ekhethekile, ubheka isilinganiso esingaba ngu-4-5 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. imitha

Ngemuva kokungenelela kumanyolo omuncu womhlabathi ngamagranule ngokwezindinganiso eziphakanyisiwe. Bese uvumelanisa umbhede nge-rake. Ngemuva kokuphakathi emibhedeni yenza umdwebo ekujuleni kwamasentimitha amathathu.

Bese uthele isixazululo esilandelayo: ebhakedeni lamalitha angu-10 ngamanzi +50 ° C uhlakaze ama-capsules amabili e-Energen stimulator. Ngemuva kwalokhu kunisela, faka imbewu emgodini onjalo emkhatsini wama-40-50 cm. Fafaza ngomhlabathi onomanzi, ovulekile.

Ukuphuza emva kokutshala akudingekile, futhi ungafafaza umhlabathi omnyama phezulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukwesaba izintuthwane, ama-slugs kanye namagundane kusuka kumbewu. Khona-ke kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka impahla yokumboza phezu kombhede, mhlawumbe ngezigaba ezimbili.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukhukhamba wehlabathi uyanambitheka kangcono kunokugcina izithombo zokugcina.

Ukunisela

Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuthi umhlaba awumile. Nge-humidification, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ngezinga lokushisa okungaphezu kuka-+20 ° C. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha ukuchelela lapho i-ovary ivela, ukuze ingasheshi ekumeni. Ukwenza lokhu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe emmpandeni, ukuze ungagodli phansi.

Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-+25 ° C, amakhukhamba aniselwa, okuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza nsuku zonke. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwalolu phawu, isidingo sokufafaza sisusiwe. Ekushiseni okukhulu, futhi akuyona into engathandeki ukwenza leyo nqubo, ingabangela ukushisa nokuphuza amaqabunga.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokukhamba ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo ezivulekile.

Isikhathi esihle sokukhamba ngamakhukhamba ekuseni noma kusihlwa.

Ukhukhamba, okungcono uketshezwa nge-spray can. Akufanele ukhiphe amanzi ebhaketheni noma i-hose, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa izimpande, ngenxa yokuthi isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo zingancipha.

Uma, emva kwakho konke lokhu kwenzekile, khona-ke isihlahla kufanele siphume ngokushesha futhi siphule inhlabathi evundile emithonjeni. Phakathi nesikhathi sesithelo sokuvuthwa, ukuchelela okunamandla kwenziwa ekuseni futhi kusihlwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthola isivuno ngokushesha.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuklama ukhukhamba, kubalulekile ukukhulula njalo inhlabathi nokhula. Ukukhishwa kokugcina kwenziwa uma amaqabunga eqiniso angama-4-5 avela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhulula kungcono kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ne-hilling kancane. Ngeke kube okungcono ukungeza ama-humus ezimpandeni phakathi nale nqubo.

Masking

Ngama ukhukhamba bagwazwa - basusa amahlumela angadingekile (izingane zokutholwa), ezithinta zona, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sesitshalo sinciphisa.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukususa ngokucophelela i-ovary ngokweqile kuma-axils amaqabunga ama-3-4 wokuqala, kanye namahlumela okusabalalisa emaceleni amaqabunga ama-5-6 okuqala. Lapha into esemqoka ukuhlukanisa i-stem eyinhloko ne-ovary evela kubantwana bokutholwa.

Ukususwa kwezinyathelo ezihambayo kwenziwa kanje: ngesandla esisodwa ubamba iqabunga elilodwa ngokucophelela, kanti elinye lisuse ngokucophelela isiteji esiseduze nesigamu.

Kubalulekile! Inqubo yokudliwa yenziwa lapho izingane zokutholwa sezifinyelele ku-4-6 cm. Uma sezikhulile ubude obungaphezu kwezingu-20 cm, khona-ke ingxenye yengqikithi isele ilahlekile, ngoba izingane zokutholwa zathatha izakhi ezidingekayo ekubunjweni nasekukhuleni kwesithelo.

Ibhande le-Garter

I-garter yamakhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile yenzelwa izizathu ezilandelayo:

ama-shrub ahlanganisiwe kahle amafomu amaningi, futhi kukhona i-ovary ngaphezulu kuwo, okubangela ekwakheni inombolo enkulu yezithelo;
le nqubo ivimbela izifo ezifayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo;
umhlaba ongaphansi kwesakhiwo;
Asikho isidingo sokugodla lapho kuvuna.

Qaphela imithetho yemikhukhamba e-garter ku-greenhouse.

Amakhukhamba ka-garter angenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, cabanga ngezinto eziyinhloko:

enezingqimba. Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi elula. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinsika ezimbili zezinkuni nezensimbi zihanjiswa emhlabathini emaphethelweni amabili ukusuka emasimini ekhukhamba. Phakathi kwabo badonsela ucingo noma intambo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yezinkinga - 25-30 cm. Ukusekelwa okunjalo futhi uhlanganise nokukhula kokukhukhamba;
i-garter eqondile. Izisekelo ezimbili zifakiwe, futhi intambo iselulelwe phakathi kwabo, lapho idayi elibamba khona cishe ngo-2.5-3 cm ububanzi lihlanganiswe (ukusika izintambo ze-nylon kungasetshenziswa). Ingxenye engezansi yezingxenye ezinjalo ziboshelwe phansi kwesisekelo. Njengoba ikhula, lesi siko sibheka ukusekela futhi sisehla phezulu. Inani lezinsizakalo kufanele lilingane nenani lezihlahla ze-garters. Ungabeka izinti ngesimo sepiramidi eduze kwesihlahla ngasinye, futhi phakathi kwabo welula intambo okumele ibeke imicu yendwangu;
amanetha okuhlanganisa. Ezitolo ze-agrothe zithengisa amanetha ekukhuphukeni kwezitshalo. Igalari enjalo isethelwe phakathi kwezinto ezisekelwayo, futhi ukhukhamba zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele kumaseli ayo.

Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yindlela yendabuko enezingqimba.

Indlela yokubopha ukhukhamba: ividiyo

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukuze uthole isitshalo esihle samakhukhamba, kutuswa ukuba ukondle isonto ngalinye ngama-organic or mineral fertilizers. Ukugqoka izimpande kuqala kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-21 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, bese uphinda njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-7-8.

Thola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ekhukhamba ephenduka amhlophe, aphendukile futhi asomile, afihle, noma awakhuphe, kungani ama-midge avela kubo.

Izingxube ezilandelayo zinconywa ukugqoka:

ibhakede elilodwa lamathalitha ayishumi bathatha ama-capsules angu-2 ekulungiseleleni "Energen 2" (ukukhula kwe-stimulator), ugxume futhi udle cishe amalitha amathathu ngehora elilodwa. m;
Amalitha angu-10 amanzi athathe isipuni 1 somanyolo "Effecton". Izinga lokusetshenziswa - cishe amalitha angu-4 ngalunye isikwele. m;
ama-10 amalitha kagesi athathe isipuni esingu-1 se-nitrophoska nama-2 wezipuni zamanyolo e-organic "Agricola Vegeta". Izinga lokusebenzisa - cishe ama-4.5-5 amalitha ngesigca ngasinye se-1. m;
ngoba ibhakede eliyishumi-litre lichithe izipuni ezimbili ze-2.5-3 ze-organic fertilizer "Agricola Aqua", okuyinto enhle ukubonakala kwamaqabunga aphuzi. Izinga lokusebenzisa - cishe ama-3-4 amalitha ngesikwele ngasinye. m

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Uma ukhula ukhukhamba, ungabhekana nezinambuzane eziningi ezingabhubhisa noma ukunciphisa kakhulu isivuno samakhukhamba. Cabanga ngokujwayelekile kubo:

isicabucabu. Uma kubonakala, amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nama-specks amancane, futhi i-cubbub elincane ibonakala. Ubukhulu bekhaksi buphakathi no-0.5 mm, futhi kunzima ukuyihlola ngeso lengqondo. I-biopreparation "i-Aktofit", "i-Fitoverm" nabanye bayobhekana ngokugcwele nale nkathazo;
i-melon aphid. I-parasite, njengemikhaza, engxenyeni engezansi yalesi siko, ihlasela amaqabunga, ama-ovari nezimbali. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukoma, amaqabunga ama-curl. Ngokuvamile phezu kwe-overwinter ezinsalela zezitshalo. Ngokumelene nama-aphid, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo namakhemikhali, isibonelo - umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo "Verticillin";
i-whitefly. I-midge encane emhlophe eyingqungquthela yalesi sitshalo. Ukuze ususe, udinga ukususa ukhula njalo, uphefa futhi ugeze amaqabunga ngamanzi, futhi ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "uBowerin."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhukhamba ungaphansi kwezifo ezilandelayo:

ukubola okumpunga - lesi sifo sefungal. Kuboniswe ngezindawo zamnyama emgodini we-stem ne-grayish esithelweni. Izindawo ezithintekile zincoma ukuthi i-powder futhi igaxa kancane ngomlotha, yeka ukuchelela. Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela futhi ukwandise lesi sifo. Imithi e-Euparine noma e-Bayleton izosiza ukulwa nalesi simo esinzima;
i-powdery isikhutha. Kuboniswe ngendlela ecacile noma ebomvu amaqabunga namaqabunga esitshalo. Amasayithi aphethwe yilesi sifo anconywa ukuthi ahlutswe ngomlotha okhuni noma asuswe. Ungaphambanisa ukhukhamba ngesisombululo se-mullein, kanye nesibabule se-colloidal;
ukubola okumhlophe. I-Mycelium ihlanganisa ukhukhamba nge-mucus omhlophe, futhi iqala ukubola. Kulesi simo, udinga ukususa izingxenye ezithathelwanayo noma ufafaze nge-lime-fluff. Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela ukubonakala kwesifo;
impande yokubola. Esikhathini sokuqala se-fruiting, amabala amnyama avela eduze kwezimpande. Isiqu siqala ukubola, futhi izimpande zifa kancane kancane. Ukushisa okushisa okukhulu kanye nezimvula ezinkulu kungasusa lesi sifo. Kudingeka ukomise izindawo ezithintekile bese ufafaza umlotha noma i-lime. Ukunisela kuphela inhlabathi encane ehlathini. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubola kwezimpande, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini;
i-mosaic. Kuboniswe ngendlela yamabala okukhanya noma amnyama emaqabungeni, ukuwaqeda. Kungathinta nezithelo. Ziwela ngembewu noma izitshalo zokutshala. Izitshalo ezigulayo zisuswe kahle;
indawo yomnqumo. Ichazwa njengezimpawu ezibomvu ezikhulula uketshezi. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokunisela ngamanzi abandayo, imidwebo nemvula enkulu. Ngenkathazo, udinga ukumisa amakhukhamba izinsuku ezinhlanu futhi uphathe ne-Oksih noma ufake i-Bordeaux liquid.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze nge-perinospora, i-fusarium kumakhukhamba.

Ukuze uvikele ukhukhamba ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo, kutuswa ukuba uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

disinfect imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini;
ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo nezinye izitshalo ukuze izifo ze-fungal nezinambuzane ezingathinteka ukhukhamba zishiywe emhlabathini nasemasimini ezitshalo;
buyekeza ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi;
zama ukugcina izinga elingaphansi lomswakama;
ugweme izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni;
ukuvivinya umzimba ukuphuza amanzi;
ukhula olukhula njalo;
sebenzisa njalo ukugqoka okuphezulu ukuqinisa isitshalo.

Uma ulandela imithetho ebalwe ngenhla, khona-ke akukho zifo zamakhukhamba akuzona ezimbi.

Zijwayele ngezindlela ezithandwayo zokuvikela ukhukhamba ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukukhukhamba ukhukhamba kuqala kusukela ngoJulayi kuze kube yingxenye yokuqala ka-Agasti. Izithelo zivunwa njengoba zivuthwa. Akudingekile ukuvumela ukhukhamba okwedlulele, balahlekelwa isethulo nesinambitha. Lapho kuvuna, kuyadingeka ukususa izithelo ezigulayo nokukhubazeka, ukuze ungagciwane futhi uvimbele ezinye imifino ukuba ingakhula. Kungcono ukuqoqa ukhukhamba ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kanti-ke bayamanzi amaningi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ungaphuli isibhamu.

Ukuqoqwa kwamakhukhamba "Shosh"

Ngemuva kokuvuna, ukhukhamba kudingeka ukuhlunga. Unqabe izithelo ezisheshayo, ezigulayo nezokubola, kanye nekhefu elibukeka kahle.

Esigodini sesifriji sokugcina imifino ephaketheni evulekile ye-polyethylene ingaba izinsuku ezingu-10. Ngenhla ungabeka i-gauze emanzi, iyobagcina ekumeni.

Emiphongolweni noma engaphansi, ungasebenzisa amathreyi noma amabhokisi, okuphansi okuhlanganiswe nokukhipha ifilimu kwamamitha ayi-40. Kuyasiza ukugcina umswakama futhi kuvimbela imifino ukuba ingawomile. Ungalondolozi ukhukhamba kwiphakheji evaliwe. Le ndlela izogcina umswakama, kodwa ukhukhamba "izothatha" futhi ilahlekelwe izakhiwo zayo zokunambitheka.

Ukuze ukhukhamba ugcine ukunambitheka kwabo isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa + 5 ... +8 ° C, nokuthungwa - ezingeni lika 90%. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ukhukhamba kuze kube amasonto amathathu. Amakhukhamba agcina isitoreji angagcinwa (okusawoti, okuvutshiwe noma okufakwe emathisini).

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Nakuba ukhukhamba we-Shosh ayimelana nemvelo, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:

Ukuguqulwa kwezithelo. Ukhukhamba uthatha ifomu elibi ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwezakhi eziwusizo, ikakhulukazi i-potassium. Ukuqeda le nkinga udinga ukuwapha ngomlotha. Uma ukukhwabanisa kusondela kulesi sitshalo bese uhambela kolunye uhlangothi, cishe, lokhu kungenalutho ye-nitrogen, futhi kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe kusuka kumanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ungakwazi ukutshala umquba ophilayo - mullein, umquba wenkukhu. Izinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe kungaholela ekunciphiseni phakathi kwe-fetus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukumboza lesi siko ngezinto ezikhethekile zokumboza ezivela kwi-snap ebandayo. Uma bethola isimo se-arcuate, lokhu kusho ukuphuza okungajwayelekile futhi okufanayo. Isibonelo, ukuchelela okunamandla emva kwesomiso. Ukunisela kumele kwenziwe njalo futhi ngendlela efanele.
Amaqabunga aphuzi. Uma amaqabunga ephuzi futhi emile ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukudla kwe-nitrogen fertilizer (nitrophoska).
Ukungabikho kwe-ovary. I-ovary kungenzeka engekho ngezizathu ezinjalo: ukushisa, i-nitrogen eyengeziwe, imbewu yonyaka odlule.
Ukhukhamba ubuna. Isizathu singase sibe umonakalo kuzimpande. Lokhu kubangelwa umswakama ngokweqile noma ukuxoshwa kwamagundane, kanye ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwezimpande ezibola.

Thola ukuthi kungani amakhukhamba enomunyu.

Ama-ukhukhamba ama-partenokarpichesky ama-cucumber "Shosh F1" aphelele ekukhuleni emhlabathini ovulekile noma obamba ukushisa, ezigulini noma ezikhwameni. Ngemikhuba emihle yezolimo, ikhiqiza isivuno esiphezulu, okwamukelayo akuxhomekile ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Izithelo zawo zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okukhulu, usayizi omncane, hhayi okubabayo futhi omuhle kakhulu wokulondolozwa. Izithombo zingakhula ekhaya, futhi ungakwazi ukutshala ngokushesha emhlabathini. I-agronomy evamile yamakhukhamba nokumelana nezifo eziningi kwenza ukukhushulwa kwalezi ukhukhamba kube nomsebenzi onenzuzo.

Ividiyo: Ukutshalwa kwe-"Shosh F1" emgqonyeni