Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imifino nezithelo ezinhle zibukeka kanjani emashalofini ezitolo, imikhiqizo ekhuliswe ngezandla zayo iyoba yindawo ekhangayo kakhulu.
Ngempela, uyazi ukuthi izithelo azange zibe ngaphansi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha zamakhemikhali futhi azifakwanga ngamakhemikhali.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukukhula, isibonelo, utamatisi engadini yakho, khona-ke ngeke kube yinto esidla isikhathi.
Ungathola iseluleko esihle lapha.
Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa umhlabathi
Inhlabathi kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Okokuqala, susa zonke izinhlawulo zesitshalo sangaphambilini, njengeziqongo, izimpande.
Susa futhi ukhula. Izidingo ze-Autumn sebenzisa isilinganiso esiphezulu somanyolo: i-humus, i-superphosphate, i-nitrate ye-potassium, esimweni se-acidity ephakeme yomhlabathi - isikhali noma amalahle.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-ammonium nitrate kumele isetshenziswe, kusukela lapho isetshenziswe ekwindla, lo manyolo uzoqeda ngokushesha futhi ugeze.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyaqedwa, ngakho-ke isisombululo se-sulfate sisetshenzisiwe (isipuni esisodwa se-vitriol sisetshenziswa ngamanzi 1 litre).
Manje silungiselela ukutshala izinto.
Noma yikuphi isihlahla sezinyosi esiqala ukwanda kwempilo yaso ngendlela yezithombo. Ungakwazi kokubili ukuthenga nokuzikhulisa ngokwakho.
Izitshalo ezithengiwe kunamazinga amaningi okufanele ahlangane nawo:
- Amahlumela kanye nesikhungo somqhubi kumele abe namandla, aqonde, aguquguquke;
- Amaqabunga kumele abe ohlaza okweluhlaza;
- Akufanele kube khona izinambuzane noma izifo;
- Utamatisi ezihlukahlukene kufanele zifanele endaweni yakho;
- ezihlukahlukene ezikhethiwe kufanele zibe "nokuzivikela" ezibhekene nezifo;
- izithombo akufanele zibe nezimbali noma izithelo, izithombo ezinjalo "ziyokwesaba" ngokutshala emhlabathini.
Uma unquma ukukhulisa izithombo zakho ngokwakho, kungcono ukwenza lokhu esikhathini esisodwa nesigamu izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala okuhleliwe.
Kungenzeka ukuba ukhuphuke izithombo zombili ezinkampanini, nasemabhokisini avamile. Ukuze izithombo zingcono ukuthenga inhlabathi ekhethekile ingxube ukuze ugweme ukuba khona izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ichithelelwe ku-container futhi ihlanganiswe.
Khona-ke ungakwazi uthele ingxube efudumele yempuphu ye-sulphate ne-mullein (ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi udinga isigamu sesipuni se-vitriol no-3 wezipuni we-mullein njenge-gruel). Esigodini esisodwa udinga ukubeka imbewu engu-2, ngayinye emgodini ohlukile ngokujula kwe-1 - 1.5 cm. Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu idinga ukufafaza nenhlabathi elungiselelwe.
Ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ihlume, izinga lokushisa elizungeze ibhokisi noma ikhasethi kufanele libe yi-22-25 ° C. Futhi kunconyiwe ukumboza isitsha ngokunamathela ifilimu. Ngemuva kokuba kuvele amahlumela okuqala, izithombo zidinga ukuhlelwa kabusha endaweni ekhanyisiwe kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphansi, okuyi-15-16 ° C emini kanye no-13-15 ° C ebusuku.
Izithombo ezipholile zifaka isandla ekukhuleni okufanele, kepha akufanele sivumele ama-drafts. Umbuso wokushisa onjalo kufanele ugcinwe izinsuku ezingu-10. Ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa kufanele livuswe futhi libe ngu-18-22 ° C emini kanye no-15-18 ° C ebusuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7 emva kokuba amahlumela ekhulile, izithombo ezibuthakathaka kumele zisuswe ebhodweni.
Izidingo zokutshala ukuphuza njaloNgakho-ke, amahlumela amancane adinga cishe izinkomishi zamanzi kanye ngesonto. Uma ama-2 - 3 ashiya kakade avele, ukuchelela kunyuke ku-1 ingilazi yamanzi, kanti uma kuphuma ama-4 kuya ku-5, bakhulisa imvamisa yokuphuza kuze kube izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izithombo kudingeka zidliwe njalo. Izitshalo kumele zenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-12. Isikhathi sokuqala udinga ukondla izithombo ngemuva kwesigamu nesigamu - amasonto amabili emva kokuhluma kokuqala kwe-potassium permanganate (ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi - 1 g we-potassium permanganate). Ngomunye umquba udinga 0.5 izindebe zesisombululo.
Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 udinga ukwenza i-mullein ne-urea (ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi - izipuni ezintathu ze-pasty mullein no-1 tsp we-urea). Esikhatsini esisodwa seglasi 1 ingilazi yomanyolo.
Uma usuvele ukhethe usuku oluqondile lokutshala, izinsuku ezingu-76-7 ngaphambi kwalokhu, izithombo zidinga ukondliwa ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi udinga 1 tbsp. isipuni nitrophoska kanye ne-tablet ye-trace element.
Umhlabathi ovulekile wezithombo uthinta izinguquko njalo ezimweni zesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke, inqubo yokulungiselela izithombo kufanele ihlanganise ukucima. Le nqubo kufanele iqale ngo-Ephreli - Meyi.
Ukwenza lokhu, shiya izithombo ebhodini namafasitela avuliwe, kodwa udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, ngoba izithombo zizofa lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ku-10 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube namanzi anele emhlabathini ukuvimbela izithombo ukuba zingapheli.
Ngesikhathi sokuqina kanzima, izithombo kufanele zifakwe emthunzini ukuze ukushisa kungabonakali emaqabunga. Kunconywa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwezifo ze-fungal. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zidinga ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi (ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi - 1 tbsp. Isipuni).
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngotamatisi okhulayo endaweni yokushisa
Siphendukela esigabeni esibaluleke kakhulu: ukutshala izithombo
Ngokuhlwanyelwa kwezithombo kungcono ukuthi kungasheshi, njengoba kunokwenzeka ukuthi ama-frosts ebusuku angalimaza kakhulu izihlahla. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene zezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimo eziphawulekayo zezimo zezulu esifundeni, kepha isikhathi esihle kakhulu futhi esivamile sokutshala singesibili phakathi kukaMeyi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kunokufinyelela mahhala kusayithi lokufika.
Kubalulekile ukuvikela izihlahla zamatamatisi ekuphefumulweni komoya. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi utamatisi awukwazi ukutshala kulezo zindawo lapho abamele umndeni wakwa-nightshade kanye nommbila bengakhuli ngaphambili.
Akukhuthazwa ukutshala utamatisi iminyaka emibili endaweni efanayo. Kungaba ngcono uma izithelo zangaphambili, izimpande noma imifino zikhula kule ndawo. Akukhuthazwa ukukhetha indawo yokufika ezindaweni eziphansi, njengalezo zindawo kuyoba nomswakama ophezulu.
Isikhathi esihle sosuku sokuphuma sizoba ekuseni noma kusihlwa. AmaHoles adinga ukumba kusengaphambili, izinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-5. Ububanzi nobubanzi kufanele bufanane nobukhulu be-bayonet ye-spade. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlathi angomakhelwane lizoxhomekeka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ngokulinganiselwa kuyoba yi-30-50 cm. Uma utshala izihlahla ngendlela ephazamisayo, ngeke ziqhume.
Ukuhlukanisa umugqa kufanele ube ngu-50 - 70 cm. Kubalulekile ukubeka imbewu enqeni, ngokufafaza imbiza yomhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ubude be-stem ye-seedling kumele kube ngu-35 - 40 cm ubude. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala emhlabathini, udinga ukwengeza i-humus ebolile, bese ubeka amanzi ngokubala 1 litre lamanzi ngesihlahla esingu-1.
Ungakhohlwa ngokukhathazeka okufanele
- Ukunisela
- Ibhande le-Garter
- Ukuxhuma
- Ukudubula
- Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Utamatisi uthinta kabi kokubili ukuthungwa komfutho kanye nesomiso. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela izihlahla kufanele kube okungajwayelekile, kepha kunamanzi amaningi.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokufika, udinga ukuma isikhashana izinsuku ezingu-10. Khona-ke udinga ukugcwalisa ukungabi namanzi emhlabathini njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-7. Cishe amalitha ayishumi amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe esihlahleni esisodwa. Amanzi kufanele athulwe ngokuqinile emmpandeni, ukuze amanzi angabaleki noma isivuno esilandelayo.
Utamatisi ohlaza awunayo umswakama okwanele, uma amaqabunga e-curl, awela izimbali noma ama-ovari.
Uma ukhula utamatisi onamahloni, akudingeki ukuthi ubophe. Uma ezihlukahlukene ziphakeme, i-garter iyimpoqo.
Ukuze uhlanganise izihlahla, lapho uhlwanyela ohlangothini olusenyakatho wehlathi, udinga ukushayela u-10 cm esigxotsheni esiphakathi komkhumbi. Ngaphezu kwezigxobo, ungasebenzisa i-mesh ekhethekile noma i-trellis. Udinga ukubopha ezinye izinto ezilula ukuze kungabikho umonakalo womshini esiteshini.
Awukwazi ukubopha kuphela iziqu, kodwa futhi uhluma ngezithelo, njengoba kungase kube lula ukuphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo.
Ukugcina amanzi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini, umhlabathi ozungeza izihlahla ugcwele umquba. Njengoba impahla oyifunayo ungasebenzisa i-peat, umquba obolile. Kodwa i-mulch best for utamatisi izoba utshani oqoshiwe.
Ukudubula utamatisi kubizwa ngokuthi pasynkovaniem. Le nqubo ukukhipha ohlangothini luhlumela ezihlahleni (izingane zokutholwa). Lapho amahlumela ohlangothini ekhula akhula ubude buka-4 - 6 cm, kwase kuyisikhathi sokuwasusa.
Kunconywa ukuwaqeda, hhayi ukuwasika, futhi umkhondo kufanele uhlale endaweni yesiteji esikude, esomile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukususa izingane zokutholwa ekuseni. Lapho izihlahla ziqala ukuqhakaza, kuzodingeka ususe amaqabunga, atholakala ngaphansi kwebhulashi le-fruiting.
Inhloso eyinhloko yokwehlisa izihlahla ukukhipha umthwalo owengeziwe kulesi sitshalo ngoba lezi amahlumela kanye namaqabunga athile athatha amanye amajusi ezakhiwa emabhulashini nezithelo.
Isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke se-utamatisi siyisivinini sekwephuzile.
Okokuqala, i-fungus ihlasela amaqabunga, bese isithelo. Uma ungathathi isinyathelo, ungalahlekelwa okungaphezu kwesigamu sesitshalo. Njengomuthi, ungasebenzisa isisombululo sikagalikhi (u-0.2 kg wegaliki encibilikisiwe ebhakedeni lamanzi), okudingeka ucindezele usuku.
Ukucubungula kufanele kugcinwe futhi kuhlaselwe, futhi izithelo. Kodwa izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo kakhulu ziyi-fungicides. Bangakwazi ukusingatha izihlahla eziphezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithombo. Ngaphezu kwe-phytophthora, utamatisi ungalimaza futhi ubole. Lesi sifo singaphazamisa ukunambitheka kanye nezithelo ngokwabo.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukuwahambisa ngokucophelela amahlathi, yenza i-calcium nitrate (50 g ngomitha ngamunye wekwele) bese ukhulula inhlabathi kahle.
