Izitshalo ezahlukene zinempahla ehlukene ezuzisa abantu, kanti uma ezinye zazo zisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokupheka noma zokuhlobisa, abanye bangakhonza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa i-loofah, eyaziwa njengento enhle eluhlaza okwakhiwa kwamapongi okugeza.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Lyufa imele izitshalo ze-liana, ihlumela kuze kufike ku-4-7 m ubude. Konke kubo baye bahlanganisa ama-antenna ne-edge edges. Amahlamvu - ama-palmate-five-lobed (ngezinye izikhathi aphelele) futhi ahlelwe ngokuhlukile.
Esikhathini esilandelayo, amapulethi amaqabunga afana nenhliziyo enobubanzi obuyi-15-27 cm namazinyo ahlala eceleni kwemiphetho. Konke kuqhuma amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke isitshalo sidinga ukuphuza njalo.
Izimbali ezinkulu ze-loofah - i-monoecious, i-dioecious, ifakwe emhlophe noma iphuzi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-staminate ziqoqwa ngama-racemes, kanti izinhlobo zezinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngelungiselelo elilodwa. Izitshalo zezimbali zingabonwa kusukela ngoJuni. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zalesi sitshalo zifana "namakhukhamba" ahlotshisiwe, ubude bawo buba ngu-50 cm, ububanzi obuyi-7-12 cm. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuthwa, baqala ukuma, futhi amafleksi e-sclerenchymal akhula kuwo.
Imbewu ye "ukhukhamba" enjalo inomumo wokuthutha kanye nemingcele emincane. Ubude bembewu bufinyelela ku-1.2 cm. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo kubonakala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
I-rhizome yemivini ibuthakathaka futhi isendaweni engqimba yomhlabathi.
Uyazi? Isitshalo esichazwe sinamagama amaningi athakazelisayo futhi, ngaphezu kwe "loofah", umvini uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithanga laseVietnam, i-okra yaseChina, ithanga lomgogodla ngisho nekhukhamba elibi.
Izinhlobo
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu ze-loofah, noma kunjalo, ezimbili kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukukhula engadini: i-ostrorebristaya ne-cylindrical, futhi kusuka ekugcineni ukuthi izakhiwo ezidumile zenziwe.
Spiky
Lezi zinhlobo zimelelwa i-liana yonyaka, efinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-3-6. Iziqu ze-pentahedral zinemiphetho emibi emibhoshongweni futhi ziqondiswe ekusekeleni ngosizo lwamathenda ama-branched.
Amacwecwe amashidi afinyelela ku-20 cm ububanzi, ezimweni eziningi anama-5-7-amalahle noma ahlukaniswe ngamacu amaningana ahlukene.
Ukugxila kwamaqabunga kuya esiqwini kwenziwa nge-petioles esanele - cishe 8-12 cm ngamunye.
Zonke izimbali zalesi sitshalo ziyingqayizivele yocansi futhi zingaba nezicucu eziluhlaza eziyisihlanu ezinhlanu eziphuzi ngalinye. Izinhlobo ze-stamen zakha ama-racemes, 17-20 ngamunye, futhi ama-pistillate asodwa futhi atholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga afanayo njenge-staminate.
Izithelo ze-loofah ye-ostrekobristoy zinefomu efana neqembu futhi zifinyelele isigamu semitha ende, enobubanzi buka-6-10 cm. Ukunambitheka kwezinhlobo ezincane kufana nekhukhamba, ngaphandle kokuthi inyama iyamnandi. Lapho nje izithelo zomile ngokuphelele, azisakwazi ukudla, kodwa ngaphansi kwesibindi kukhona i-sponge enomzimba ehlanganiswa nemisipha eboshwe.
Imbewu yangaphakathi ifana neqanda futhi ifinyelele ubude bentimitha. Ngezithelo ezivuthiwe, zi-yellow-black noma zidwetshiwe ngokuphelele.
Funda futhi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-loofah kusuka kumbewu.
I-ostreobreistaya i-loofah ikhulile ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhukhamba amancane ngenhloso yokudla, ikakhulukazi, ukulungiselela ama-curries. Izithelo ezivuthiwe azifanelekile ukudla, ngoba zinikeza intukuthelo enamandla.
Ekuphekeni, ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa: amaqabunga, amaqabunga, amahlumela, ngisho nezimbali, futhi konke okudingekayo ukuze uthole isidlo esiphundu sokumane nje kuwukucima noma ukugcwalisa ngamafutha.
I-Cylindrical
I-loofah ye-Cylindrical cishe iyisitshalo esifanayo se-lianoid njengezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini, kodwa ubude bayo bude bude - kufika ku-9 m. Izimbali eziphuzi zikhulu kakhulu, futhi "ukhukhamba" amancane angalungile iyisithako esihle sezitsha eziningi. Ekude, bafinyelela ku-60-75 cm, okuphindwe kabili ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-ostrorebristoy. Ngokushesha nje lapho ikhasi lezithelo liphenduka ophuzi, lingasuswa bese liqala ukucubungula, likhishwe i-pulp enobuciko ngokwayo.
Kubalulekile! Zama ukuthi ungadluli i-loofah emagqumeni, ngoba isitshalo esomile ngokweqile sizoba sibi kakhulu ukuhlanza.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cylindrical of "ikhukhamba elikhukhulayo" lilungele ukwenza izindwangu zokuwasha, nakuba isitshalo singasigqugquzeli lesi sitshalo: ngaphezu kwezithelo ngokwabo, amaqabunga acebile ase-carotene asetshenziswa (okuqukethwe kwawo cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 ngaphezulu kunezimila ezidumile ezifana ne-izaqathe namnandi I-pepper yesiBulgaria).
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, i-loofah engakaqashelwa ngemithi esemthethweni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzobe kulungile kumacala amaningi.
Njengoba sesanda kuphawula, kunezintambo ezitshalweni zomzimba womuntu, ngaphezu kwalokho kufanelekile ukugqamisa izingxenye ezibalulekile njenge-triterpenoids, i-pectin ne-carotene.
Ikhukhamba "yamanzi" lisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-conjunctivitis nezinye izinkinga ze-dermatological, ikakhulukazi ezihlotshaniswa nokwanda kwamanoni esikhumba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezincane ngisho ne-ovary ye-ithinki yaseVietnam kuyoba usizo ekwelapheni kwe-anemia, izifo zokuphefumula, noma nje ukuba nomphumela wokuqinisa umzimba jikelele. Ijusi le-Loofah liyisithako esihle kakhulu sokudala imithi yezifo zamalungu noma izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo zomzimba. I-cucumber i-Mad i-gruel iyasiza ukuqeda ukukhwehlela nokunciphisa ukushisa komzimba, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa abagulayo be-East.
Thola ukuthi yimiphi imifino yemifino nokuthi yini ewusizo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imifino engekho ngaphansi kwayo iyoba ngabesifazane abahlengikazi, njengoba kusiza ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa ubisi. Lolu hlu losizo lungaqhubeka isikhathi eside, kodwa kusobala ukuthi i-loofah impela imifino ebalulekile kakhulu.
Ukukhula
Naphezu kokuthi abalimi abaningi bakhuluma ngokuqondene ne-loofah ekhulayo, ingahlwanyelwa cishe noma yiziphi iziqephu, kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasebusweni obuncithakalo.
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukufika "ikhukhamba elinolaka" ngokushesha endaweni evulekile, ikakhulukazi izakhamizi zezindawo ezizungezile zezulu, lapho ihlobo lifudumala khona futhi umhlaba uvuselela ngokushesha.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi, izinhlelo zomanyolo, futhi ufunde nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukuzala kwenhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni ezibandayo, kuhle ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngendlela yokutshala, ikakhulu uma unethemba lokuthola ama-washcloth amakhulu. Iminyaka yezithombo ngesikhathi sokuthuthela endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-30-40.
Kunoma yikuphi, akunandaba ukuthi uhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emibhedeni elungiselelwe, noma uzohlwanyela izithombo ebhokisini, isigaba sokulungiselela kuzo zombili izimo zihamba ngendlela efanayo:
- Sifuna imbewu yekhwalithi.
- Siwafudumala phakathi nesonto ibhethri noma ilanga eliqondile (into eyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa libe okungenani +40 ° C).
- Gcoba ikhambi le-aloe juice (elihlanjululwe 1: 1 ngamanzi) ukuvusa futhi kusebenze umsebenzi wokukhula.
- Sitshala emhlabathini (embhedeni noma emabhokisini).
Kubalulekile! Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli ukufakelwa, ukuze, ukugwema izinkinga ezingadingekile, ochwepheshe bayeluleka imbewu yokutshala ngokuqondile emiphakathini ye-peat noma noma yimuphi omunye umquba owenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo okungenani u-6-7 cm. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokutshala imbewu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli.
Ukubeka imbewu ku-substrate nokufafaza ngendwangu yomhlabathi, uhlala nje ukuwahambisa ngamanzi futhi, ukumboza imidwebo (noma izimbiza) ngokugqoka epulasitiki, indawo endaweni efudumele, elinde ukubukeka kwamagciwane aqinile.
I-window yefasitela engaphezu kwebhethri elifudumele noma ohlangothini olusenyakatho lendlu luzoba yindawo ekahle yokubeka izithombo, ngoba izinkomba zokushisa eziphezulu zokuhluma kwenhlanyelo nokukhula kwazo okusheshayo kungamagugu ngaphakathi kuka-28 ... +30 ° C.
Amahlumela okuqala avame ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-6-8 emva kokutshala, futhi ngokushesha lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele uthuthe izitsha ezincane izitshalo ekamelweni elipholile, ngokushisa okungadluli +20 ° C. Uma zonke izifo ziqiniswa ngokugcwele, ifilimu isusiwe futhi izithombo zithelelwa nge-infusion ye-mullein, zihlanjululwe emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1:10. Lokhu ukumnika okunomsoco kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwe-loofah, kanti uma amaqabunga ayiqiniso ayisithupha avela, kuzodingeka ukuthi ahlanganiswe nokwesekwa.
Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwe endaweni evulekile kuphela emva kokushisa okuvamile kwansuku zonke kusekwe ngo -13 ° C. Ukubekwa kwezithombo kwenziwa ngisho nasemigqeni, ngebanga elanele (1 m). Le mfuneko kumele ilandelwe, inikezwe ubukhulu bamaqabunga emivini.
Funda futhi ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi izithombo, indlela yokukhetha isitsha esifanele, indlela yokubuyiselwa ngayo izithombo ekhaya, kungani ukhetha izithombo, nokuthi ngabe uthenge amakhasethi ezithombo.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile (okufanelekile ukutshala i-loofah ngezinhloso zokugcoba), udinga ukuhlela emabhokisini asengaphambili ukulinganisa u-30x30 cm no-25 cm ejulile, isigamu sigcwele inkomo yenkomo exutshwe nomhlabathi. Kule nhlanganisela bese ubeka imbewu, uwafafaze ngenhlabathi esele.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela inzuzo kakhulu kunembewu owodwa, ngoba ufike i-loofah kusengaphambili embizeni, awutholi nje kuphela ekuqaleni, kodwa futhi uvuno olucebile kakhulu.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukukhetha indawo esakhiweni sokukhulisa ikhukhamba engavamile, kufanele uqaphele kuphela ukukhanya kahle nokuvikelwa ezindaweni ezinomoya ngenhlabathi evundile kanye netafula elingaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
I-loofah iyakuthanda ilanga, okusho ukuthi ukungabi khona kwelanga kuyoholela ekukhuleni kwezinto ezilinganiselwe nokuvuna okuncane kakhulu.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekela izitshalo ezitshaliwe akulona nzima kakhulu, futhi kuzodingeka wenze izinqubo ezimbalwa kuphela:
- ukuchelela - 1-2 izikhathi ngesonto;
- ukukhulula - amahora ambalwa ngemva kokunisela;
- ukususwa kokhula - inqubo yokukhulula.
Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kunazo zonke ekunakekeleni imibhede yensimu ukuvimbela nokususwa kokhula. Funda kabanzi mayelana namaqembu ezikhula zokhula, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani namakhemikhali abantu, amathuluzi akhethekile kanye nokubulala ukhula.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, inqwaba yokunisela inciphise, okudingekayo ukunciphisa inkathi ekhulayo futhi kuphuthumise ukuvuthwa kwesivuno.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Esinye, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekela i-loofah yisondlo sokutshala. Umanyolo wokuqala usetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokufika, ngesilinganiso se-5kg somquba ngamunye nge-1 sq. Km. m isakhiwo.
Ngaphandle komquba, kusetshenziselwa ama-mineral complex, okubandakanyeka kwe-ammonium nitrate, i-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate. Isilinganiso esithile sethuluzi ngalinye elinjalo sibalwa ngokusekelwe kwezici zenhlabathi esakhiweni (imiyalelo emaphaketheni izosiza ukuhamba ngokulinganisa amanani).
Kamuva, ngenkathi kukhula i-loofah, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa ngokujwayelekile izikhathi ezingu-30 ngezinsuku ezingu-30, okusetshenziselwa ingxube ekhethekile, okulungiselelwe kusuka ingilazi yezinkuni, i-1 kg ye-mullein nebhakede lamanzi.
Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali izivini zingadliwa ngezakhi eziqukethe i-nitrogen, futhi zibala futhi inani ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ezikhonjisiwe kule phakheji.
Iqoqo
Izinsuku ezithile zokuqoqa izithelo ze-loofah zixhomeke ngokuqondile emigomweni yokulima. Uma unesithakazelo ekusebenziseni "ukhukhamba ama-mad" ekuphekeni, kuzomele udubule wona okwamanje aluhlaza, cishe ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ngobude buka-10-15 cm.
Uyazi? Amazwe ashisayo afudumele abhekwa njengelinye izwe lase-loofah: iNdiya ne-Afrika, futhi kulezi zindawo kukhona namanje abantu abangakabi khona.
Ukuba nokulala okuncane, kuzoba izinto eziwusizo kakhulu zokuqhutshwa kokudla okusemathinini noma ukususwa okulula.
Kodwa-ke, uma isitshalo sitshalwe ngenhloso yokuthola indwangu yokuhlanza okuhle, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushiye isithelo esihlahleni isikhathi eside ukuze ususe umswakama obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka emaspini. Ungaziqeda ekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo (ekupheleni kukaSeptemba) futhi uwafake ekamelweni elomile nelomfudumele ukuze angathintana, kungenjalo ukubola kungase kuqale kusuka emantwaneni.
Ukuze uthole ama-washcloths alula, igama elithi "ukuvuthwa" ekhaya lancipha kancane.
Kubalulekile! Uma uzoqhubeka ukhula i-loofah esiqhingini sakho, usebenzisa imbewu etholakale ngonyaka odlule ngalokhu, kungcono ukusika izithelo ezivuthiwe, lapho umgodi ekugcineni usawuvalwa.
Uma ukhulile ezindaweni zokufudumala zezulu, i-loofah ithathwa njengokuvuthwa ngokugcwele lapho iqhwa esithelweni liphenduka ophuzi, futhi ngokushesha limile.
Ezindaweni ezipholile, kunconywa ukususa "ukhukhamba" kusalokhu luhlaza futhi emva kokumisa ekamelweni elifudumele, qala ukuhlanza.
Inqubo yokwenza izingubo zokugeza
Ngemuva kokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwe-loofah, kulula ukwenza indwangu yokuhlamba isithelo esivuthiwe. Inqubo yonke yenzeka ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Izithelo ezincane noma eziqothukile kufanele zivunwe futhi zomiswe kahle (lokushisa okungenani +40 ° C), ngaleyo ndlela zilungiselela ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo.
- Ngemuva kokumiswa, isitshalo sifakwa emanzini ngesonto ukuze kutholakale ukunciphisa isikhumba saso.
- Khona-ke kufanele ususe isikhumba uphinde uhlanza amafayili kusuka ku-pulp.
- Kuhlala nje ukugeza i-loofah futhi emanzini, ugeze futhi ushiye ukuze usomile elangeni.
Ividiyo: indlela yokwenza i-loofah yokugeza Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo isiphelele, uzoba ne-washcloth esilungile ezandleni zakho, futhi konke okusalayo ukukwenza izimbobo ezimbili kusuka ekugcineni komunye bese uthayipha ucingo phakathi kwabo ukuze kube lula ukugcina. Uma ubambe isithelo eside, ungayidonsa ngentambo yenyoni eceleni komngcele bese uxhuma izingxenye komunye nomunye, udala umbuthano.
Isicelo
I-Lyufa isetshenziselwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wesintu: kusukela ekuphekeni kuya ku-cosmetology, futhi cishe yonke indawo ayinayo ilinganayo. Cabanga ngezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwazo kuzo zonke zazo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungahlwanyeli imifino yakho, ngakho-ke uma ukhetha i-loofah, kunconywa ukuba unake izici zayo zangaphandle: i-fetus akumele ibe nomonakalo esikhumbeni noma epholile, izindawo ezibolile ngokucacile.
Ekuphekeni
Izithelo ze-loofah ezingenalutho zinomdla omuhle kakhulu futhi ocebile, okukhumbuza ingxube yekhukhamba ne-zucchini, futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu singakwazi ukukhumbula iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. I-peel enezinyosi futhi ezinzima ihlale ihlanzwa, ngoba ayifanelekile ukudla.
Izimbali kanye namafihledi ezinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla ze-loofah zihle kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-saladi: zine-crispy kakhulu, ene-flavoring yasekuqaleni kanye namanothi aphunga. Uma isetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso, amaqabunga asitshalo akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nokunambitheka kwabo okubabayo. "Amakhukhamba" amancane angadliwa noma aluhlaza noma aphethwe ukwelashwa okushisa: isobho, gazinga, ubilise, ngisho nezinto noma udoti. I-ithinayi yaseVietnam nayo ifanele ukusetshenziswa emasaladi aluhlaza esikhundleni sekhukhamba.
Kubalulekile! Ngokupheka izitsha ezahlukene, kungcono ukhethe izithelo kuze kufike ku-15 cm ubude, ngoba ngokuvamile ziba mnandi futhi zinomusa kakhulu.
Ngendlela yokwelashwa efanele, i-loofah ingaba yinto elula yokudla isidlo noma inhlanzi, futhi lokhu kusebenza kokubili izithelo namahlumela, amaqabunga nezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "amakhukhamba ama-mad" akhulu ukupheka izifundo zokuqala noma izitshalo zemifino, futhi inyama iyoba yinto enhle kakhulu kuma-omelets.
Kulabo abangathandi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekhishini, kunezinketho ezilula zokulungiselela i-loofah: ungamane ufake izithelo zawo emafutheni omnqumo, usebenzise i-cayenne pepper kanye ne-soy sauce. Ngomzamo omncane, ungakwazi ukupheka imifino enezinto ezifakiwe, ngokufaka irayisi noma inyama, futhi e-China loofah nge-ingulube nama-mushroom kuhlonishwa ngokukhethekile.
Ngamafuphi, lesi sitshalo singahlanganiswa nanoma imuphi umkhiqizo, kodwa izinketho ngokusetshenziswa kwe-soy sauce, amafutha omnqumo, i-garlic, i-pepper, i-ginger, i-cumin, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ubhontshisi, irayisi kanye nelayisi ye-ridi izophumelela ngokukhethekile.
Izimbali eziphuzi zifanelekile isaladi enhle, futhi imbewu ye-sunflower ingaholwa.
Funda futhi mayelana nezinzuzo zezinyosi zomzimba wamadoda nabesifazane.
Kuzokwelapha
Kusukela ekubukeni kwezokwelapha, i-loofah ngeke isebenzise abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane, ngenxa yokuthi ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo yizilwane zezilwane. Kodwa-ke, kule ndlela isetshenziswa kancane, kanti impilo yomuntu ingaphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, izithelo, amaqabunga kanye namaqanda omuthi asetshenziselwa amacala alandelayo:
- ne-anemia kanye ne-anemia (ukusebenzisa i-infusions kanye ne-decoctions yama-ovari omncane);
- Ukuqothulwa nezinkinga nezinso (izithelo ezintsha ezinomphumela we-laxative ne-diuretic emzimbeni ziphelele ekudaleni imithi);
- ekwelapheni i-jaundice (isitshalo sesitshalo esitholakala ku-loofah elibabazayo ngendwangu kufanelekile);
- ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi (ukulungiselela izifo ezithathelwanayo ngokusekelwe izithelo nembewu yesitshalo kuyasiza);
- ezifweni ze-dermatological (amafutha embewu ayasiza kakhulu);
- izinkinga zokuzithokozisa kanye ne-conjunctivitis ezinganeni (ngejusi elihlanjululwe emanzini, sula izindawo ezithintekile futhi ugeze amehlo, futhi uthuthukise ukubonakala kwesikhumba abalungiselela amasonto akhethekile);
- emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, njenge-febrifuge;
- ukusheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda kanye nokulimala komshini esikhumbeni.
Uyazi? Izithelo ze-loofah ezinde kunazo zonke zitshalwe engadini ye-resort yaseChina i-Beidaihe, ezinye zazo zifinyelela ubude obungama-4.55m.
Njengoba ubona, i-loofah ngumkhiqizo wendawo yonke ongeke ugcwalise umzimba kuphela ngezakhi zomzimba, kodwa uphinde uphulukise izifo ezikhona noma uqede nezinkinga zesimo se-cosmetological, ungasho ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-pulp eyomile njengendwangu yokugeza yemvelo. Yonke lokhu yisizathu esihle sokutshala imifino esakhiweni sakho, futhi usuvele ukwazi ukwenza kangcono.