ICalla (Zantedeskia) isiko elihle elikhula emasimini engadi nasezindlini. Lokhu kuqhuma kwezimbali kungumndeni womndeni wakwa-Arononic. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iminduze ye-calla iyindawo ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Isincazelo seCalla
Elinye igama lesitshalo seZantedesia kungenxa ye-botanist yase-Italy enegama elifanayo. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - cm 30-150 cm. Izimbali zangaphandle ze-nondescript zibekwa emgqonyeni wesilinda.
Banephunga elimnandi le-vanilla. Inkungu izungeza iveli elibukeka njengembali. Njengoba impova, ishintsha umbala: isuka kumhlophe ngokumhlophe ibe luhlaza.
Imbali yesimo esithile se-tubular enamaqabunga aluhlaza obanzi okhanyayo ngendlela yamahlokohloko. Izithelo ziyavuthwa ku-cob - amajikijolo amancane ama-ruby.
Iminduze ye-calla equkethe ama-alkaloids, ama-glycosides, izitshalo ezinobuthi ngokweqile, ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezitshalwe kumagilavu avikela.
Isici esihlukile sesitshalo ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta. Izimbali azihlaselwa izinambuzane.
Izinhlobo zeminduze ye-calla yasengadini
Umndeni unezinhlobo eziyi-8 zezitshalo ezinamanzi kanye nezitshalo ezibanda kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha ezikhulile engadini.
| Uhlobo lwe-calla | Incazelo | Izimo ezikhulayo | Izinhlobo |
| I-Ethopian (Aronnik) | Tshala izimbali ezinde ezimhlophe njengeqhwa. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba i-rhizome. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza ocwebezelayo, ungafi ngesikhathi sokuwa. | Isikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo yintwasahlobo - ekwindla. NgoSepthemba, imbaza ziyambiwa. Kanye nesigaxa sobumba zigcinwa endaweni eyomile, epholile. Ukunisela kuyinto elinganiselwe. |
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| Remanna | Imbali emfushane enamaqabunga amancanyana. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba i-tuber. Izimbali zemibala ehlukahlukene - pink, lilac, burgundy, peach, nsomi. | Amahlamvu ewela ekwindla. Ebusika, kuphumula. Izindawo ezomile zikhethiwe ukuze zilinywe. |
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| Eliot | Isitshalo esinamaqabunga amakhulu, ahlukahlukene, amise okwenhliziyo. Ineveli elingaphezulu le-wavy: imabula emhlophe ngaphakathi, i-cherry - ngaphandle. Ukuphakama - 0.5 m. | Prefers kancane inhlabathi evundile acid. Khula ohlangothini olunelanga. Ukufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo kwenziwa njalo ngesonto. Isabela kahle ekwethulweni kwezinto eziphilayo. |
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Ukutshala ama-callas nokubanakekela ngaphandle
Indawo enelanga, ebanzi ilungiselelwe ukukhulisa imbali engadini. Inketho enhle ukutshala ama-callas eduze nezihlahla, amagatsha ezihlahla. Bazonikeza isivikelo ekushiseni kwelanga. Ama-callas aqhakaza emthunzini.
Ukuthola isendlalelo esezingeni eliphakeme, inhlabathi engadini, isihlabathi somfula, i-peat, i-humus ixutshwa ngokulingana okulinganayo. Isimo esidingekayo ukudala ungqimba lwamanzi. Akwamukeleki eduze nendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezilungele izimo ezikhulayo. Okuvame kakhulu ngabakwaCalla Ethiopia, uRemanne. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni, banempahla yokuhlobisa.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezisezingeni likhulu. Akukho amabala, ukufakwa kuwo. Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala, kufanele uhlole i-tuber ngayinye ngokucophelela. Ikhwalithi iqinisekiswa izitolo ezikhethekile zezimbali, imibukiso yokuzalanisa, amadiya, izinkulisa.
Izinto zokutshala zifakwe kungxube yesikhunta. Isikhathi sokudalulwa yimizuzu eyi-10- 40. Ama-biofungicides adumile yi-Phytosporin, i-Gamair, i-Gliokladin, i-Alirin-B.
Izici Zokufika
Ubuchwepheshe bunama-nuances athile:
- Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala emhlabathini ukuqala kukaMeyi. Kwezinye izindawo, isikhathi sibambezeleka ngezinsuku eziyi-7-14 ngenxa yamaqhwa angaba khona.
- Endaweni eyembiwe, kwakhiwa izimbobo ezi-1 dm ezijulile.
- Ama-tubers aphathwa pre-nge-isivuseleli sokukhula - potrateum nitrate, superphosphate.
- Izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala lukhuni izinsuku ezingama-7-10.
- Ungqimba wokudonsa ubekwe ezansi kwama-dimples - amatshe abunjiwe, udaka olwandisiwe, izingcezwana zezitini.
- Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane ngama-40 cm.
- Lapho ukutshala sebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali (diammofosku) - 30 g / m2.
- Tubers zibekwa emithonjeni elungiselelwe.
- Izithombo zifafazwe nomhlaba.
- Kugcotshwe ngokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga okuqala.
- Imithombo enezithombo zomile ngokushesha emva kokutshala.
Ukunisela, ukufaka umquba, umanyolo
Sethole iminduze ye-calla emhlabathini, alinda izinsuku eziyi-14. Moisturize inhlabathi ukwakha uhlelo lwezimpande olunempilo, ukuvimba amanzi ukuthi angangeni ngqo kuma-tubers. Ukuchelela okulandelayo kwenziwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso.
Inhlabathi iyathanjiswa masonto onke. Ngokwesomiso, inani lamanzi liyanda. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ngobumnene. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho basebenzisa iminyundu. Ukunisela kulawulwa njengoba umhlabathi womisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusebenze ukukhula okusheshayo kwamahlamvu, ukwakheka kwama-peduncle. Ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokutshala, umanyolo wezitshalo ezinama-tuberous usetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Njalo ngenyanga, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-callas iniselwa ngesisombululo samanzi nge-asidi - i-acetic, i-citric noma i-ancinic (20 g yesidakamizwa ichithiwe ku-10 l wetshezi).
Izindlela zokugcina nezilimo eziyizigaxa
Ekwindla, ukulungiselela ama-callas ebusika kuyaqala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zithathwa emhlabathini eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Bahlanzwa ukungcola, bahlanzwe ngobumnene ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande ezibuthakathaka. Ngemuva kwalokho ucwiliswe esixazululweni se-potanganum permanganate: amakristalu angama-5-6 engilazini ngayinye yamanzi afudumele. Amahlamvu akhona asele. Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora bayikhipha, bayomile ebumnyameni.
Amaviki amabili agcinwe ekushiseni kwe- + 5 ... +15 ° C. Ngenxa yamaqabunga agcinwe nezakhi zomzimba. Izimpande ezingcolile zinqunywa kusuka kuzilimo eziyizigaxa ezomile, zishiya izingane zokutshala kwentwasahlobo. Faka isibulala magciwane kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Zigcine ebusika kufanele zibe sezitsheni zamaphepha. Ekhaya, basebenzisa isiqandisi ukulungiswa, okubekwe ku-sphagnum moss.
Ama-tubers ahlolwa njalo ngeviki. Lapho kwakhiwa izinso zokuqala, iminduze ye-calla itshalwa ebhodweni. Iqukethe njengesitshalo. Ngemuva kokusongelwa kwesithwathwa, faka emhlabathini.
Ukusakazwa kweminduze ye-calla yasengadini
Ukulima izimbali kuyatholakala kuwo wonke umlimi. Izindlela:
- imbewu;
- imifino - ukuzalwa kabusha kwe-tuber, ukuhlukaniswa kwempande, isihlahla.
Imbewu
Ukusakazwa okunjalo kusetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezingajwayelekile. Njengembewu, khetha isitshalo esinamandla nesinempilo, shiya indlebe. Ngemuva kokubuna, imbewu iyavuthwa. I-inflorescence isikiwe, ihlukaniswe izingxenye zayo. Ziqukethe imbewu. Iqoqo lenziwa ngokuqapha ngokweqile.
Emahoreni ayi-6, imbewu igcinwa isivuseleli sokukhula - I-Emistim C. Kwisonto lonke imile ku-gauze oswakeme. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe ku-substrate elungiselelwe. Gcina endaweni efudumele. Izithombo eziqinile zitshalwa emhlabathini. Isikhathi esifanele ukuphela kukaMeyi.
Imifino
Ukuhlukaniswa kweRhizome kulungele iminduze ye-calla yaseTopiya. Kwenze ekwindla. Hlukanisa intamo yesitshalo kuhlelo lwezimpande. Gcina endaweni emnyama enomswakama ophezulu emazingeni okushisa we-+15 ° C. Ebusika, izimpande ezinempilo ziyakheka. Ekupheleni kwesizini yentwasahlobo, imbewu ilungiselelwe ukutshala esizeni.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Tuber kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu. Ukukhula kwezinto zokutshala okunempilo kuvuselelwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile - I-Humate, Fumar, Succinic acid.
Ama-Tubers afakwa ezitsheni ezine-substrate yekhwalithi. Gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya +25 ° C. Amanzi njengoba inhlabathi yomile. Lapho kuqala ihlobo, ama-corms ajulelwa enhlabathini ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi usheshise izimbali.
Isicelo sokuqamba
Ukukhula ngokweqile, ama-callas akha ukhaphethi wezimbali okhuthele. Bakhethelwa ukwakha izingoma eziyinqaba. Ama-callas abekwa eceleni kwezindlela ezinqenqemeni, ezifakwe imibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali, etshalwe eduze namachibi okufakelwa. Izinhlobo ezinde zisetshenziswa engomeni eyodwa.
Ukukhula kwezimbali ezishisayo ezimangalisayo nokunakekela ama-callas emhlabathini ovulekile inqubo ebiza kakhulu. Umphumela uzoba umhlobiso ogqamile we-infield.
