Ukutshala ingadi enhle, udinga ukwazi ubunzima bokutshala izilimo zezithelo. Kulabo abafuna ukuthola ingadi yabo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nemininingwane yokuthi ungasikhetha kanjani isikhathi esifanele sokutshala, ukuthi ungazakha kanjani izimo ezikahle zezithombo ukuze zikhule.
Ungahlela kanjani ingadi yesihlahla sezithelo
Ukutshala izihlahla nezihlahlana kunezimpawu zazo. Ngaphambi kokulahla umhlaba, kunconywa ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yokuklama ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bendawo nokukhombisa indawo yazo zonke izinto.
Ingadi
Kunezinhlelo ezikhethekile zamakhompiyutha zokwakheka komhlaba ezisiza ukuhlela isiza, ukudala izimo ezintofontofo zazo zonke izitshalo nempilo yomnikazi kulengadi.
Ngisho nendawo encane yedolobho engaphenduka ingadi. Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo ofuna ukuzitshala. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhubeke kusuka kuzimpawu zendawo yesimo sezulu, inhlabathi, kanye nokubuka komhlaba ngokweqile.
Ifomu elilula kakhulu lokuhlela isiza sengadi ngunxande. Ehlelweni le sayithi laleli fomu, zonke izakhiwo zimakiwe, insimu eseleyo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezinemingcele ecacile. Izingxenye zitshalwa ngezitshalo zezithelo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, kususelwa kokuthandwa ngumnikazi wendawo. Le ndlela yokuhlela ilungele labo abanezigaba ezincanyana nezinde.
Okuphambene noxande ukwakheka kwendawo ngesimo sombuthano. Izakhi zalo eziyinhloko ama-flowerbeds kanye notshani, ukudalwa kwamaphaseji namaphaseji. Imigqa eqondile namakhona endaweni yesakhiwo enaleyo design kunconyelwe ukufihla ngemuva kwezitshalo ezikhuphukayo.
Izitshalo engadini
Ukuqamba kahle umqondo oyindilinga kuzosiza umklami wemvelo onobuhle. Indlela elula yokusebenzisa umqondo wesimo esiyindilinga ohlakeni lwesikwele.
Inketho enesakhiwo se-diagonal yendawo ilungile uma kunesidingo sokwandisa ubukhulu bendawo encane kakhulu. Ngokubunjiwe kwe-diagonal, indlu iyisizinda sokuqanjwa, okuvela kuyo okufika lapho kusuka ku-45 °. Ngokuya lapho imigqa yezinto zensimu iphambukiswa khona, umphumela wesigaba eside noma obanzi uzokwakhiwa.
Uma isiza sinezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindawo zokugcina zemvelo, lapho-ke uhlobo lwamahhala lokubekelwa luyifanele. Leli fomu lidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalolu hlobo lwama-accents design wesakhiwo semhlaba ayadingeka.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lapho utshala izihlahla zezithelo
Ukufika ngokusondelana kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimpande ziyaxhumana. Lokhu kudala ubungozi bokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nomswakama komunye wazo.
Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo
Lapho kunqunywa ibanga phakathi kwezithombo, umuntu kufanele aqhubeke nokuthi isihlahla esidala sizoba yini. Amaparele, izihlahla zama-apula, ama-cherries, ama-apricots akhula amade, ngakho-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo zazo kufanele libe yi-5-6 m.Kwezilimo ezincane, ibanga elanele phakathi kwezithombo lizoba amamitha ayi-3-4. Kwanele ukushiya u-2 m phakathi kwezihlahla zama-apula ezinjengekholomu.
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula kubanga phakathi kwezihlahla
Ukunaka! Amaphethini wokutshala izihlahla ze-Apple ahlukile ezifundeni ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussian Federation, ibanga phakathi kwezithombo naphakathi kwezintambo liyanda, ukufika lapho kwenziwa i-chessboard. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zenhlabathi.
Izinhlobo zemarada zitshalwa emgqeni owodwa kubude obuyi-2,5-3 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Igebe eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe yi-4-5 m. Lapho kutshalwa izihlahla ezinemibala emincane, amamitha ayi-4,5 asele phakathi kwezithombo naphakathi kwezintambo. Ezinhlotsheni ezinde futhi ezinde, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-5-5,5 m.
Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa izihlahla zama-aphula njengezithako eceleni kocingo: zitshalwe emgqeni owodwa. Uma ngasikhathi sinye kuhlelwa ukwakheka okungajwayelekile ngendlela yama-arches, khona-ke phakathi kwezithombo zezinhlobo zemfishi kwanele ukushiya u-1.5-2 m. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo zezihlahla eziphakathi kwama-apula lingamamitha ayi-5.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Ukwehlukahluka kwe-chess kokutshala izihlahla zama-apula kusiza ngokomthetho ukusebenzisa indawo yendawo. Kulokhu, kusale ama-1.5 m phakathi kwezithombo zezinhlobo zemifino emincane, 3 m phakathi kwemigqa .. Izinhlobo zemihlobo emincane zitshalwa kude ne-3.5-4 m, kusale amamitha ayi-3 phakathi kwemigqa. Izihlahla eziphakeme ze-apula ezitokisini zembewu zitshalwa ebangeni elingama-5-5,5. m, kusale okuningi phakathi kwemigqa.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe! Ukuhlukahluka kwe-chess kokutshala izihlahla zama-apula kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangokuhlelekile.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lapho utshala izihlahla zama-apula ezakhiwe njengamakholoni
Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise okoloni zikhula kahle esifundeni saseMoscow nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Isimo sokuphumula phakathi kwezithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo singamasentimitha angama-50. Uma kutshalwa, isihlahla sama-apula sizihlenga sihlelwe ngemigqa ngemuva 1 m, amasentimitha angama-30 asele phakathi kwezithombo.Kodwa ukuze isihlahla ngasinye sithole inani elanele lezakhi zomzimba, inhlabathi ivundiswa kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ungatshala nini izihlahla: ekwindla noma entwasahlobo
Umuthi we-apula ungatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokutshala isihlahla, kuze kuvele amaqabunga. Ukutshala i-Autumn akudingi masinyane, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi yisithombo akunasikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa.
Izinsuku zokutshala izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala kwentwasahlobo yezithombo ngu-Ephreli.
Umanyolo wezithombo zezithombo zezihlahla zezithelo
Izithombo ezincane zidinga umanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo. Izithasiselo ezidume kakhulu zesivuno esihle sezihlahla zeapula yiNitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa umanyolo nge-calcium, insimbi, isibabule, i-manganese. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube okubanzi.
Umanyolo
I-nitrogen ifakwe kumquba, umquba, kanye nokudonsa kwezinyoni. Zihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngokulingana kuka-1: 10. Izichumisi ezine-nitrogen zisetshenziswa entwasahlobo, zihlanganiswe ne-ammonium nitrate.
Ekwindla, eminyakeni emi-4 ngemuva kokutshala, kwethulwa umanyolo nge phosphorus ne-potassium. Izilimo zezithelo zingavuthwa ngalezi zingxube ngesikhathi kusungulwa i-ovary yezithelo noma entwasahlobo.
I-phosphoric acid itholakala kumanyolo anjenge-superphosphate. Le ngubo ephezulu ilungele yonke imithi yezithelo.
Izidakamizwa ezifakazelwe kahle ezinjenge-nitrofoska, zihlanganiswa "AVA" ne "Autumn".
Ukunaka! Kuzithombo ezibuthakathaka, awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen, ngoba zizonciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa sesihlahla, kwandise isikhathi sokukhula.
Inhlabathi ye-podzolic ne-soddy ivundiswa ngomlotha, iyifaka kunoma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuphilayo.
Ukutshala kweShrub
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Lapho utshala izihlahla, cabanga ngalokhu:
- indawo ekhanyiselwe ilanga;
- izinga lomswakama wenhlabathi;
- ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla
Ukunquma ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla, engeza ukuphakama kwezihlahla ezi-2 eziseduze futhi uhlukanise inani eliphumele ngo-3.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla
Ukuhambelana kwesihlahla sezithelo
Ithebula elingumakhelwane lezithelo nezihlahla
| Isihlahla, isihlahla | Ukuhambisana okuhle kwezihlahla nezihlahla | Ayilungele indawo |
|---|---|---|
| Isihlahla se-Apple | Ama-raspberries | I-Guelder-rose, i-barberry nawo wonke amahlahla ezithelo zamatshe |
| Pearl | Umlotha wentaba | I-Walnut, umsedari, i-viburnum, i-barberry nawo wonke amahlahla ezithelo zamatshe |
| I-Plum | I-Blackcurrant, i-elderberry | Pear, umuthi we-apula, okusajingijolo |
| Ama-Cherry | Ipulamu elimnandi | Isihlahla se-Apple, okusajingijolo, i-apricot, i-currant |
| I-Apricot | Uzizwa enethezekile yedwa | Isihlahla se-Apple, iplamu, i-cherry, ipiki |
| I-cherry emnandi | Isihlahla se-Apple, umlotha wentaba | Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izihlahla nezihlahlana |
| Peach | Uzizwa enethezekile yedwa | I-Walnut, i-pearl, isihlahla sama-apula, i-cherry, i-cherry |
| Amagilebhisi | Pearl | Walnut |
Yiziphi izihlahla zezithelo okungafanele zitshalwe eduzane
Akunconyelwe ukuba nezithelo eziseduze ezithi:
- Zinezinambuzane ezivamile, zithambekele ezifweni ezifanayo;
- Izinto zamakhemikhali zidedelwa emhlabathini;
- Khula ngejubane elihlukile. Isiko elikhulayo ngokushesha lizothatha inani elikhulu lezakhi zomhlabathi.
- Ngokulinganayo thanda umswakama;
- Banomqhele osasazekayo, ongaholela ekusweleni kwelanga.
Kubalulekile! Izilimo ezinohlonze zihlobisa ingadi, kepha izihlahla zezithelo zingomakhelwane ababi - amagatsha awo awavumeli izihlahla zezithelo zithole ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele.
Ukuhlangana kwe-Berry shrub
Omakhelwane abahle bazoba abamnyama nama-currants egolide. Ama-currants abomvu nama-gooseberries, amagilebhisi kanye nama-raspberries ahlangana kahle.
I-sea buckthorn ingaba ngumakhelwane omuhle wezihlahla zezithelo. Kodwa izimpande zayo zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke zikhawulelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo zokuphahla noma kuslayidi.
Ukusakazeka kwesihlahla
Izakhiwo zomoya
Cishe noma yisiphi isihlahla sezithelo singasakazeka ngezitolo zomoya. Okokwakhiwa, amagatsha amasha anempilo akhethiwe akhula kusuka eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga, noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Uma igatsha selilinganiselwe, kufanele libekwe nkqo nqo ngomuntu oqinayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuzala benziwa kanjena:
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukugqoka umkhono we-polyethylene egatsheni, ububanzi bawo obuyi-8-12 cm, ubude - 35-40 cm.Ngenxa yegatsha, onqenqemeni lwesikhwama kumele luboshwe ngokuqinile ngethayela lokufaka. Ekupheleni kuka-Mashi, eduze ne-harness, ukusikeka okujikelezayo kwegatsha legatsha kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube maphakathi. Ibanga phakathi kokufakwa kungu-1.5-2 cm.I-ring ye-cortex phakathi kokukhishwa isuswe, le ndawo yambozwa ngothayela kagesi.
Ukulala komoya
- Ngaphezulu kokusikeka okungama-annular udinga ukwenza ubude be-3-5, ubude bawo bube yi-10-15 cm, ukujula - 0.5-1 mm. 1.5-2 amalitha amanzi abilisiwe kufanele athululelwe esikhwameni ukuze amanzi amboze imichilo. Bopha isiphelo esingaphezulu somkhono. Igatsha lizoba semanzini izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
- Ungqimba lwenhlanganisela enomswakama yenhlabathi eshidi kanye nesiphuzo somquba esibolile ngokulinganayo kwe-1: 2 sibekwe esikhwameni. Thambisa ingxube ukuze kungabikho moya osesandleni. Phezu kwawo kwakubekwe u-2-3 cm we-mulch. Umphetho wesikhwama uboshwe.
- NgoSepthemba-Okthoba, igatsha elinezimpande liyasikwa futhi litshalwe emhlabathini ngaphandle kokususa ingxube eyayisesikhwameni se-polyethylene. Lapho isithombo sifakwa emgodini, umkhono ususwe. Fafaza umgodi emhlabathini, unisele. Ukusekelwa, yisithombo siboshwe ngenduku.
Izimbumbulu
Ukuze kwenziwe ama-cuttings thatha amahlumela amasha aphilile ngamagxolo aluhlaza. Ukuqedwa kwesibambo kufakwa esitsheni samanzi. Izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezibandayo ezi-30-30 cm ukujula zilungele ukutshala izithombo. Ingxube ye-turf nesihlabathi ibekwa phansi, bese kuthi isihlabathi esibunjiwe sibekwe ngaphezulu.
Ukusika kutshalwe ngemigqa kuya ekujuleni kuka-1-1,5 cm. Ukusekelwa, isikhonkwane sinamathiselwe ekusikeni ngakunye. Phakathi kwemigqa udinga ukushiya u-6-10 cm, phakathi kwezinqe ngokulandelana - 4-5 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla ezisikiwayo ziniselwa ngesihlungo, zimbozwe ngohlaka futhi zibenzele isithunzi. Egreenhouse gcina izinga lokushisa lika-20-25 ° C. I-Rooting yenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8 ukuya kwe-12.
Ingadi enhle
Lapho amahlumela okuqala eqhubeka nokusika, abamba ukushisa kuyabonakala. Ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela kukhombisa ukuthi ifreyimu ingasuswa. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ungatyala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, izithombo kumele zikhule.
Ingadi enhle iphupho labo bonke abanini bomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwengadi, ngifisa nokuba nengadi. Ukwazi imithetho elula yokuhlela isiza sengadi nolwazi mayelana nokuzala nokutshala okufanele kwezitshalo zezithelo kuzosiza abalimi babone amaphupho abo abaluleke kakhulu.
