Isidalwa sisho izitshalo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ezingathinteki izifo. Noma kunjalo, kusengenzeka. Ukulima kanye nokulima ngendlela efanele kuzokugwema iningi labo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezibonakaliso nezindlela zokulwa nezifo zesithombo.
Le yemifino ingakwazi ukunqoba kokubili amagciwane kanye nesifungulu se-pathogenic. Bajabulela izifo ezinobungozi njenge-rust, mosaic, bacteriosis yamathambo, njll.
Uyazi? I-Radish ingenye yezitshalo zokuqala zemifino, okuyinto, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamavithamini namaminerali azuzisayo, kusiza umuntu ukuba anqobe ukutholakala kwamavithamini. Imifino imifino iqukethe amavithamini B, P, PP, amino acid, ushukela, amaprotheni, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, insimbi nezinye izinto eziwusizo.
Belle Iklabishi Izitshalo (rust white)
Esinye sezifo ezivame ukwanda kwesifungo nezinye iziko zomndeni weklabishi i-belle, noma i-rust white. Kujabule yi-fungus i-Albugo Candida (Izilwane ezifuywayo.) Grey. Ithinta amaqabunga, iziqu, ama-pedicels kanye nama-testes - ahlanganiswe ngengubo emhlophe yamafutha. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izicubu ezithintekayo ziba mfubane futhi zome.
Izici ezithandekayo ekuthuthukiseni ukugqwala ezimhlophe zikhathi ezibandayo, inqwaba yokhula ensimini, indawo ehlanzekile ekwindla.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kusukela ama-winters e-pathogenic e-fungus ezitshalweni ezingapheli kanye nezinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokhula ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kwenziwe ukuvunwa okuphelele kwekwindla yezimila zezitshalo.
Ngokunqotshwa okukhulu kwelineni, isithombo siphucuziwe ngamalungiselelo enethusi, amafungicide ngokumelene nesifo esibucayi emantwini ("Ridomil Gold MC", "Ditan M", njll).
Kubalulekile! Uma usishayela isithombo nge-fungicides, kubalulekile ukwengeza okunamathiselwe. Lokhu kungaba yisisombululo sensipho yamanzi (1 ml isobho elimanzi / 10 l) noma enye indlela.
I-Quila
Lesi sifo sefungal sithinta izimpande zesithombo - zivela ukukhula ngendlela yama-ball noma i-fusiform. Ekuqaleni, lezi zikhula cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa nezimpande, ngoba zinemibala efanayo nabo. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, izimpande zishintsha futhi zibole. Yingakho i-radishes ingakhuli.
Izici ezinokuthakazelisa zihlwanyela izitshalo ezindaweni eziphansi ngokuqhuma kwamanzi njalo. Futhi kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni insimu ye-acidic yesifo. Umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kwi-keel ngesikhatsi sokungabikho komswakama. I-pathogen isakazwa emhlabathini noma emquba.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ukhula ngesikhathi. Njengoba imbewu ingatheleleka nge-quillet, kufanele i-disinfected ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela isithombo (izinsuku ezingu-2-3), izinkuni zokhuni (100 g / 1 sq. M) zengezwe emithonjeni. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi ikhululiwe. Uma utshala izithombo, i-lime yenezelwa emithonjeni (35-40 g / 1 kahle). Futhi isimo esibalulekile ukukhipha izithombo.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo sesithombo, umhlabathi uphathwa ngobisi obuketshezi (2 izinkomishi zamalitha / 10 amalitha amanzi). Ukusetshenziswa - 1 ilitha yesisombululo sesitshalo 1.
Uyazi? Ukuze ugweme izifo eziningi zesithombo, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Okufanayo: le mifino ayifanele itshalwe emva kwanoma yiziphi izitshalo zomndeni we-cruciferous (iklabishi, i-turnip, rutabaga, njll). Kungcono ukutshala ama-radishes esakhiweni lapho amazambane, utamatisi, i-legumes kanye namakhukhamba asekhulile. Endaweni efanayo, ama-radishes kufanele atshalwe emva kweminyaka emithathu. Akunconywa ukutshala ama-radishes eduze nezinhlobo ezihlobene nezitshalo ezisemthonjeni.
I-mosaic yesithombo
UMoseki isifo esiyingozi se-virus. Kubonakala ngendlala ekukhuleni kwesitshalo, iphethini yama-mosaic kanye nokushintsha okunamandla kokukhula kwamagatsha awo. Izibonakaliso zokuqala azitholakali - umdwebo ongaphakathi phakathi kwamashidi, okugcina ekuphendukeni abe izindawo zesikhumba.
Izindlela zokulawula. Izindlela zokwelapha izihlahla ze-radish namuhla aziqalwa. Izitshalo ezigulayo zihambisana nokususwa ngokushesha nokubhujiswa.
Njengoba izambatho, ama-aphid, nama-mites enza njengabaphathi begciwane lesisindo, kubalulekile ukulwa nokuhlasela kwalezi zinambuzane ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhula ukhula emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesithombo kanye naphakathi kwemigqa, kubhubhisa ukhula.
I-Cruciferous Mildew
I-plaque yamapulangwe emaqabunga, ama-petioles kanye nama-stalks of isithombo kubonisa ukunqotshwa kwesitshalo yi-fungi Brassicae no-Erysiphe communis f - ama-causative agents of powdery mildew. Kamuva i-patina iba nsundu. Ungayibona ngokuyinhloko phezulu kwepuleti leshidi. Amaqabunga asomile, ukuma kwawo kukhubazekile. I-radish yonke ihamba kancane ekukhuleni.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma uqaphele ukuthi amaqabunga e-radish ayomile, futhi ufuna ukwaziswa ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngakho, sikukhuthaza ukuba uphathe ngokushesha izitshalo nge-fungicides ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa komzimba we-powdery (i-Ridomil Gold MC, i-Ditan M, njll) noma Bordeaux liquid.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo, umuntu kufanele alandele izincomo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo futhi agweme ukutshala ama-radishes eduze kwamanye ama-cruciferous.
I-Perinosporosis (i-downy isikhutha)
Izimpawu ze-peronosporosis zivela emaqabunga. Ekuqaleni ama-chlorotic amancane atholakala kuwo, kamuva aqala ukukhanya okuphuzi, amafutha, angular, abese abomvu. Engxenyeni engezansi kwephakethi leshidi kukhona ukuqhakaza kombala we-gray-violet. I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostowz.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, izindlela ezifanayo zokulawula zisetshenziselwa njengesikhumba esiphambanweni.
Grey ukubola
Ngesifo se-gray mold, izimpande zesithombo zigcwele izindawo ezimnyama, lapho i-gray fluffy patina ifaka khona maduzane. I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. kanye noFr., oqhutshwa umoya, amanzi, ehlangene nezitshalo ezimpandeni ezigciniwe ezitokisini. I-sclerotia emnyama ingafakela emithini yezidakamizwa zezitshalo.
Izinto ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo yizinga lokushisa eliphansi elinomswakama ophezulu, isibonelo, ukushisa kwemvula nokubandayo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma sekutholakala izitshalo ezigulayo, kufanele ngokushesha zisuswe futhi zibhujiswe. Ukuze uvikele isithombo sesifo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Bordeaux liquid, i-fungicides efana ne-Ridomil Gold MC, i-Skor, i-Khom, i-Fundazol, njll. .
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinjalo zesithombo, ezibonakala ngokumelene nezifo eziningi.
I-bacteriosis ye-Vascular
Izitshalo ezindala zithinteka yi-bacteriosis yamathambo, izithombo zingavamile kakhulu. Isibonakaliso sesifo salesi sifo se-bacterial ukukhishwa kwemifino (izitsha) emaqabunga. Amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, aqhume futhi awele.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bacteriosis ye-vascular kukhuthazwa yizimvula ezivame ukulimaza kanye nokulimaza isiko yizinambuzane. Ukutheleleka kuphila emzimbeni, amangqamuzana amakhosikazi kanye nokutshala izidumbu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesithombo ngesifo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhetheni imbewu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele kugcinwe emanzini ashisayo (+50 ° C) imizuzu engu-20. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele bome. Ukukhethwa kwembewu kuyadingeka kuphela ezitshalweni ezinempilo, ngaphambi kokutshala ukumelana nokungenwa kwe-disinfection.
Kubuye kudingekile ukuba kwenziwe ukuvuna ngemuva kokuvuna. Ungayinaki imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Isici esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukulawula izinambuzane.
Umlenze omnyama
Isifo somlenze omnyama we-Fungal sithinta izitshalo ezincane, kubonakala ngokuphuziza nokushicilela amaqabunga nokunyamaza phansi kwesigamu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze uvimbele isifo esifanayo ezitshalweni zakho, kubalulekile ukunakekela izithombo bese uphilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Imbewu iphathwa nge-aloe ijusi, isixazululo se-garlic pulp, ama-manganese. Izithombo akufanele zitshalwe kakhulu. Ukufika kuvame ukuvulwa. Ungavumeli izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, ukuchelela okunzima.
Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kufanele iphuze ngekhambi le-sulfur colloidal (40 g / 10 l amanzi). Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyanisela ngekhambi elishisayo le-potassium permanganate (1.5 g / 5 l amanzi). Lapho ukhula izitshalo, umhlaba uhambelana eduze neziqu nomhlabathi ongenqamuke kuze kube ngu-2 cm ubukhulu noma inhlanganisela yesihlabathi nomlotha. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yesifo somlenze omnyama. Futhi izithombo zanisela ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (ama-3-5 g / 10 l amanzi).
Uma uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yesizathu esithile isithombo siphendu, cishe usebenza nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi ukunyamala kwezimpande. Izimpande zimbozwe amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabala afanayo angatholakala emmpandeni wempande. Lesi sitshalo sihamba futhi sifa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Isizathu esiyinhloko salenkinga yi-waterlogging, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganayo. Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe, inhlabathi ikhutshaziwe.
Kuvame ukuba nzima ukuhlunga isilonda noma ukuphatha noma yisiphi isifo. Ehlomile ngolwazi mayelana nezimpawu zezifo ezinkulu kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa kwazo, ungahlala uqala ukwelashwa kwezitshalo zemifino ngesikhathi futhi ugcine isivuno.
