I-almond - i-handsome eseningizimu eneqhwa elimnandi eliqhakazayo nezithelo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isitshalo se-alimondi sinikezwa kokubili ngesibhakabhaka nezihlahla ezide. Izihlahla zama-alimondi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo zazikhule ngabantu, futhi ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwama-alimondi kutholakala emibhalweni yama-Asiriya asendulo neBhayibheli.
Nokho, ukudla akusetshenziswanga izithelo zama-alimondi ngokwabo, kodwa kuphela amathambo abo. Unomkhiqizo omuhle futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "i-almond nut", engalungile ngokuphelele.
Izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco nezokunambitheka zama-alimondi zithandwa kakhulu ekuphekeni. Esikhathini se-cosmetology sebenzisa ubisi lwe-almond, oluye lwavuselela futhi luvuselela izakhiwo.
Endle, ama-alimondi akhula kuphela esimweni sezulu esingeningizimu, nakuba abalimi abanekhono nabakhuthele bakwazi ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, indawo yokuhlala yasebusika nokuvikela izifo nezinambuzane ezilimazayo, ama-alimondi azohlobisa ingadi yakho ngezimbali kanye nokuvuna okuhle kwezithelo zama-alimondi njalo ngonyaka.
Kubalulekile! I-almond ihlanza igazi futhi ihlisa izinga lokushukela emzimbeni.
Izifo zama-alimondi nendlela yokubhekana nazo
Izifo zama-alimondi zivela esihlahleni, uma umlimi enganaki ukwelashwa okuyisikhathi esifanele, futhi ephula agrotechnology yokulima nokukhathalela. Ama-alimondi ajwayele izifo ezifayo, ngokuvamile ezibangelwa ukukhwehlela, i-cricosporosis, i-rust, i-moniliasis, i-gray gray kanye nama-nodules.
I-Cercosporosis
Isifo sokwemvelo, okuyinto ebonakala ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula - amaqabunga abathintekayo, namabala obomvu obomvu nge-gray patina phezulu. Uma lesi sifo siqala, amaqabunga aphendulela ensundu, indwangu yabo yoma futhi iwa. Amaqabunga amasha akhula anciphisa ukubunjwa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo futhi aphazamise ikhwalithi yawo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zitholakala, sishaye ama-fungicides ama-almond. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu iboniswe ukwelashwa ne-Topsin-M fungicide.
Scab
Lapho izihlahla zithelelekile nge-scab, izithelo azifaneleki ukusetshenziswa, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela amancane kunciphisa. Abadluli bezinsiza - izifo ezingaphezu kwe-overwinter ezitshalweni zezitshalo.
Ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo Ngalesi sifo, kudingeka ukhethe izinhlobo zama-almonds ngokumelene nokukhwabanisa okukhulu. Ukuphoqelelwa ukucubungula ibhilidi Bordeaux liquid. Ama-alimondi asetshenzwa ekwindla ngasekupheleni, ngemuva kokubhakabhaka.
Futhi, ukuhlanza ngokucophelela kwensimu kusuka ekuguleni, ukuhluma kwamagatsha aphethwe yisifo, nokushisa izingxenye nezitshalo ezithathelwanayo. Kusobala ukuthi konke lokhu kuzosiza ekwelapheni lesi sifo.
Ukugqwala
Isibonakaliso sokuqala saleso sifo singama-specks amancane emagqabeni. Ngemva kwesikhashana banda ububanzi futhi bahlangane omunye nomunye. Ngezansi amaqabunga ahlanganiswa ama-pads abomvu, ngemva kwalokho awela. Kumele zisuswe engadini bese zishiswe.
Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, izifo zesifo sizohlala emhlabathini futhi isitshalo sizogula futhi ngenkathi ezayo. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwama-alimondi kumele iguqulwe, kanti izitshalo ngokwazo kufanele ziphathwe nge-alquential colloidal sulfur suspension.
Monilioz
I-Moniliasis iyisifo se-fungal esivame ukutholakala kuma-alimondi. Kungavinjelwa i-prophylactic ekwindlafaza nge-Bordeaux ingxube. U-Monilias overwinter ezitsheni ezomile, ezinyanyekile nasemagatsheni asegulayo.
Ama-spores of the ukhunta asakazeka entwasahlobo, kancane kancane ahlasela yonke insimu (ayithwala izinambuzane nomoya). Ehlobo ehlobo, ukusakazeka kwesifo kuyashesha futhi kungonakalisa sonke isitshalo. Indawo ebumnyama ivela e-almond evulekile kakade, ekhula kancane kancane kulo lonke isithelo futhi i-almond iqala ukubola ngqo egatsheni.
Klesterosporiosis
Igama lesibili lesi sifo "yi-spotting perforated." Kuwuphawu lwezihlahla zamatshe kanye nezihlahla, nezibonakaliso zezifo zama-almonds zinombala obomvu, obomvu nokunsundu emaqabunga asitshalo.
Ngezinye izikhathi zivela esithelweni, kancane kancane zibe zikhudlwana (umbala omnyama obomvu ubonakala emaphethelweni, futhi phakathi kwendawo kukhanya futhi kumile). Ngokushesha, i-gomme iqala ukuvela emagqabeni asitshalo esithintekile yi-cholesteroplasty.
Ihlobo elifudumele lehlobo liyakuthanda ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ukuze uhlu izinyathelo zokuvimbela Ukucubungulwa kwentwasahlobo yama-almonds nge-fungicides "Chorus", "Skor" noma "Vectra" ifakiwe ngokumelene ne-klyasterosporioz. Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuchichima kwama-alimondi, okwesibili - ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Futhi ukwelashwa okwesithathu kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kwesibili.
Grey ukubola
I-Botrytis noma i-gray gray livela emabala omnyama ama-almond asemagatsheni nasemagqabeni asitshalo. Kulezi ziqhingi zakhiwa eziqhingini ezimpunga ezimanzi ezimanzi ezinwabuzelayo-izinhlamvu ze-fungus ezisakazwa umoya.
Isimo esifanele lesi sifo sakhiwa izihlahla ezinomzimba, ukusika izihlahla ezingenasiphelo kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwamanyolo we-nitrogen. Ekulweni nomkhwa wegrey Ekuqaleni ubusika kanye spring ukusika izihlahla.
Ukusika izihlahla zamagatsha amaqhwa kwenziwa ngokushesha, emva kokuwa kombala ezivela ezitshalweni, kodwa ngaphambi kokwakheka kwamapayipi anezinhlamvu zokubola ezigatsheni. Insimu ihlanjululwa nge-fungicides. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zifanele ukwelashwa kwesifo: "I-Topaz", "Kuprosat", "Oxyh".
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, amagatsha aphethwe yi-fungus ayaphela futhi ingadi iphathwa ngenye yezinhlelo ezibalulwe ngenhla. Ukwengeza, ukugcoba okumhlophe (ukusika) kwesitshalo namagatsha wesitshalo esinesifo kungenziwa ngalesi siphuzo: 50 g kwanoma iyiphi i-fungicide kanye nepakethe ye-wallpaper Glue CMC yengezwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Izinambuzane zama-almond nendlela yokuzilawula
I-Almond Seed Eater
Lezi zinambuzane ze-almond ziye zavumelana nobusika ngezithelo ezingazange ziwe emthini ekwindla. Ngokuvamile, lezi zithelo zonakalisiwe, okusho ukuthi kungcono ukugwedeza noma ukugoqa ama nati emagatsheni bese uwashisa. Maphakathi no-Okthoba, izihlahla zama-alimondi zihlanzwa ngemikhiqizo ekhethekile.
Ukumba umhlabathi eduze kwesiqu ngaphansi kobusika nokushiswa kwamaqabunga awile kanye ne-carrion, kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane eziphoqayo. Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchithwa kombala, amagatsha asetshenziswe ingxube yeBordeaux (isisombululo se-1% sithathwe).
Kubalulekile! Indawo yokubanda ebusika yama-almond semenaidae yimijikelezo yesihlahla sama-alimondi.
Isikhwama sephepha
Isibungu se-moth sigubha amaqabunga, siqhubeke siphendule sibe amashubhu bese sibeka amaqanda kuwo. Uma lezo ziqabunga zamagatsha zibonakala zibonwa, kumele zihlwithwe futhi zishiswe, ngaleyo ndlela zibhubhise i-clutch.
Ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo ne-leafwrap, kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho izibungu ziqala ukuvela emanzini amaningi futhi zingasetshenziswa nge-insecticide efanelekile i-Actellic noma i-Calypso, noma zingaphathwa ngamalungiselelo afanayo. Amacimbi nawo ayonakalisa ukwelapha nge-0.3% i-chlorophos.
Ngentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezulu +5 ºC, ukwelashwa okuyimpoqo wokuvimbela izihlahla nge-Bordeaux ingxube eyenziwa.
Aphid
Abalimi abaningi ekulweni nezinambuzane ama-almonds azama ukwenza ngamakhemikhali. Ukuvuna i-nati akufanele kube nomthelela omisiwe wemithi yamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke, izindlela eziyinhloko zokulwa nokuhlanzeka kwezinto eziphilayo:
- I-pepper tincture: izingcezu ezingu-20 zomshukela owomile, uthele ilitha lamanzi bese ubilisa emlilweni omncane cishe ihora. Lo mhluzi uthululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, ugxiliwe kanye no-300 g we-soap grey laundry wanezelwa. Leli khambi lifakwe usuku, kuze kufike ukuvuvukala nokuphelelwa kwensipho emanzini. Izimila zifakwe ekuseni, emva kokumiswa okuphelele emaqabunga ama-almond omusi wamazolo.
- Ukwehliswa kocuba: ingilazi yamagqabi egwayi ahlutshiwe yengezwa ibhakede lamanzi, emva kwalokho lixutshwe futhi lilethwe ngamathumba (ubilise imizuzu engu-15-20). Bambelela i-decoction amahora angu-24. Ngemuva kwalokho, engeza 50 g isepha kuyo (for adhesion kangcono), okuyinto kumele kahle yahlakazeka futhi engeza amabhakede amabili amanzi amanzi ukumnika. Ngemuva kokuxubaniswa kahle, kuzobe sekulungele ukuchithwa kusuka ezinambuzane.
- U-anyanisi akhiphe: u-0.5 kg we-anyanisi uthathwa futhi ubanjwe kanye ne-husk. Khona-ke, ithululelwa nge ibhakede lamanzi bese uqhubeka usuku lonke. Nciphisa ukumiswa okuphelile ngokusebenzisa i-gauze noma i-strainer - ukumnika ukulungele.
Uyazi? Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezithandwayo zokubhujiswa noma ukuvimbela izinambuzane ezivela engadini. Kodwa into eyinhloko akuyona ukulimaza kakhulu ukuhlukumeza kusho: ungashisi amahlamvu amathenda futhi ungabhubhisi abasebenzi basebusika abawusizo kakhulu kanye nezinambuzane.
Isibungu se-spider
Emanzini omisiwe ama-alimondi asehlobo athathwe yizinambuzane zesicabucabu. Le nkathazo ibonakala ngokukhiqiza okusheshayo. I-colony yezinambuzane zesicabucabu ihlala ezitshalweni embukheni omncane, ongenamandla futhi iphuza ijusi kusuka emaqabunga amancane namahlumela.
Isitshalo esibuthakathaka yi-spider mite kalula siyagula, ngaphandle komuthi ngokwayo umthengisi wesifo. Izinambuzane ze-spider zibhujiswa ngosizo lwe-acaricides, njenge-Kleschevit, i-Fitoverm, nabanye.
Uyazi? Ungaphumelela ukucubungula kwezitshalo kusuka ezigulini zesicabucabu ngamakhambi omuntu: isibonelo, isigamu ibhakede lama-onion peel sithelelwa emaphethelweni ebhakede ngamanzi ashisayo (hhayi ngenhla +65 ° C), futhi ivunyelwe ukunika amahora angu-12. Khona-ke, phinda ukumnika elinye ibhakede lamanzi bese uhlunga nge-gauze. Emva kwalokhu, ukumnika ukulungele, kodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe ngosuku olulandelayo.
Izeluleko ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo
- Ukuze uhlale usesikhathini nezindlela zakamuva zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane, funda izincwadi ezikhethekile, ubhalise kumaforamu wabalimi, wabelane ngamava nabo osebenza nabo.
- Ukuze uvikele ngempumelelo insimu, sebenzisa kuphela amalungiselelo amasha nezanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungacabangi iqiniso lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa njalo, izifo ngokwazo ziyashintsha futhi ukwelashwa ngalezi zidakamizwa kuba nzima. Yingakho kufanele ukhethe kuphela abakhiqizi bamathuluzi besikhathi samanje abacabangela zonke lezi zici.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwegumbi lokuvuna lokuvuna kusuka e-windfall, amaqabunga namagatsha. Ungashiyi iqabunga eliwile ukuba lifihle, ngoba lingadlula izinambuzane eziningi ezilimazayo. Zonke izinsalela zezitshalo kumele zikhishwe ensimini.
- Khipha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla kaningi, okuzokwenza kube lula ukutholakala kwe-oksijini nomswakama ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
- Beka abanikazi begadi namabhishi ezinyoni, zondla izinyoni ebusika. Bazokusiza ezinyangeni ezishisayo ekulweni kwenhlanzeko yensimu kusuka ezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Izithelo ze-almond ziwusizo kakhulu, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ngakho kungani ungahlwanyeli isitshalo esinjalo engadini yakho? Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuvikela izihlahla zama-alimondi ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Izithelo eziningi kuwe!
