I-orchid iyimbali enhle kakhulu ekhona ekuqoqweni kwayo yonke umlimi ohloniphayo. Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi lesi sitshalo sendle futhi sinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-45,000 ezikhulayo ezimweni zemvelo. Ngenye yezimbali zasendulo, ezathuthela ezimbizeni zasekhaya kuphela emva kokungenela kwabantu.
Noma kunjalo, nakuba ama-orchid atholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, izinhlobo zazo ezihle kakhulu zihlala emahlathini ashisayo, anomswakama emigodini yemifula nezintaba ezingenakubonakala zaseCentral America, eColombia, eVenezuela naseBrazil. Odade babo abangenakuqhathaniswa okuvela ezindaweni ezifudumele kukhona izitshalo zomhlaba, iningi lezitshalo ezishisayo yi-epiphytes.
Ukwahlukaniswa okwenziwe
Umhlengikazi waseMelika u-Dressler uye wakha isigaba samanje sama-orchid. Kuzo zihola ama-subfamilies angu-5, okuyinto ehlanganisa igeri kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo.
Ukuhlubuka kokuqala
Iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko (nevidiya nokuhlubuka) nezinhlobo ezingu-16. Imbali engapheli ibonakala njengesitshalo esincane se-herbaceous esinezimbali ezincane eziphuzi.
I-Cypripedia evamile
Izingane ezincane zaseCypridiaceae zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisihlanu nezinhlobo ezingu-130. Ziyi-epiphytic, rock and grass grass. Ifomu elidume kakhulu lama-Orchids aseCypripedian - "Slipper Lady". Ingxenye yezinhlobonhlobo zayo zikhula eRussia.
I-Vanilla enempepho
I-subfamily ye-vanilla iqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-15 zezimila nezimila eziyi-180, ezikhulayo kuleli zwekazi lase-Afrika emahlathini ashisayo, eNingizimu neSouth America nasezweni lase-Asia. Ngokubona umvini ojwayelekile, kodwa ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezimbali.
Ama-orchid ama-vanilla ezithelo zawo aqukethe i-vanillin, esetshenziselwa kakhulu embonini ye-perfumery nemithi yezokwelapha, ukupheka.
Ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlukahlukene
I-subfamily enkulu kunazo zonke yi-epidemic.. Itkethe cishe amahlanu genera kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesiguli kukhona ama-orchid amabili aphawulekayo: i-Dactylotalix ne-Cattleya. Owokuqala owaziwa yize, wawubhalwe ohlwini lweRed Book of the Russian Federation. Owesibini wayengumnikazi we-inflorescences enhle, enkulu futhi enomnandi kakhulu.
I-Orchid engenangqondo
I-subfamily noma i-orchid yama-hawk ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-205 genera nezinhlobo ezine eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. Lezi zitshalo ezingapheli ezinezimpande ezikhulayo futhi zikhula emhlabathini. Ama-orchid ama-orchid akhula kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Yimiphi imibala ekhona?
Phakathi kokuvamile kunazo zonke:
- umnyama;
- i-blue;
- i-blue;
- ophuzi;
- obomvu;
- elibomvu;
- umhlophe;
- pink.
Izimbali zingahle zibe yindilinga futhi ziqukethe imibala embalwa noma shades.. Isibonelo, i-Tiger Orchid. I-inflorescences yayo ifihlekile ephuzi ngemivimbo evuthayo emnyama noma emnyama.
Ubuhle kanye nokunethezeka kwemvelo yezimbali zemvelo nezihlahla esithombeni
Ukubonakaliswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo akunakwenzeka, kepha izithombe ezithokozisayo kufanele zitholakale:
Bahlala kuphi?
Ama-orchid enhle angatholakala cishe kunoma yikuphi indawo yesimo sezulu eMhlabeni.. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zigxila ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Izindawo lapho lezi zimbali zivame ukutholakala zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine:
- South and Central America, ogwini lwase-Afrika. Umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa kunomphumela omuhle ezitshalweni. Lezi zindawo zakhiwe ama-orchid epiphytic, atholakala phezulu ezihlahleni. Le ndawo yokukhetha ngenxa yenani elanele lokuswakama kanye nokuphumula okuhle kwenqubo yezimpande.
- Indonesia, Malaysia, izintaba zaseBrazil, eNew Guinea, emithambekeni yama-Andes. Lezi zifunda zezintaba ziye zakhetha i-epiphytes, ekhula emadwaleni nasezindaweni zendawo. Uma siqhathanisa le ndawo nomuntu owokuqala, izinga lokushisa lapha liphansi kakhulu, kodwa umswakama womoya ufana ncamashi. Indawo "yentaba" ibhekwa njengento ekhululekile kakhulu, ngoba amalungu amaningi alo mndeni akhula kuwo.
- I-Steppes nama-plateaus. Le ndawo ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhululekile ngama-orchid, kodwa asesekhona. Emagqumeni ase-steppe akhula ama-epiphyte nama-orchid, ukukhula kwenqwaba emhlabathini.
- Isimo sezulu esiphezulu. Le ndawo yemvelo ikhiwe ngamalungu ambalwa omndeni we-orchid. Izilwane ezihlala emhlabeni kuphela zikhula.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezimbali, ukulinda kwabo ukuphila kuyafana. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi sitshalo siphila emvelweni eminyakeni engama-60-80.
Kukhona futhi ama-livers amaningi, okuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, afinyelele eminyakeni eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Ama-orchid zasendle afanelana kahle nezinguquko ekushiseni futhi abesabi ilanga eliqondile..
Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale ama-orchid asekhaya akhethiwe, amaJapane asendulo akhula ama-orchid asendle ekhaya. Lezi zimbali zihlonishwa kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside, babethola ngisho nefa.
Konke mayelana nokuhlukana phakathi kwezinhlobo zasendle nezifuywayo
Zonke i-orchid ezenziwe ngokwabo zizalisa izinhlobo zemvelo.. Izitshalo zemvelo zidinga izimo ezithile, okungenakwenzeka ukuba zifinyelele endlini. Abafaki balezi zimbali bazama ukwakha isimo sezulu esiseduze nesibhakabhaka ngokukhulisa umswakama ekamelweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo zokuzalanisa ezikwazi ukukhula endaweni esomile zakhiwa.
Izimbali zendlu zihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuphila kwazo kunomkhawulo eminyakeni eyi-8-9. Zinezimbali ezimnandi eziqhubekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo cishe yonke unyaka wonke. Izitshalo zasendle ziqhakaza kuphela ehlobo.
Inombolo yama-orchids yasendle amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinhlobo.Ngamunye wabo unomuntu omuhle futhi ongeyena ophansi kunezinhlobo ezifuywayo. Iningi labameleli bayathandeka ngokuma kwe-Budget kanye nokuhlanganiswa kombala we-inflorescence. Abanye banamahloni amnandi anenkani. Yonke le mingcele yenza ama-orchid omunye wabameli abakhulu kakhulu bomhlaba.
