Ekudleni kwabantu kukhona ukudla okukhona kanye nokudla kwezilwane. Kunezinto eziphilayo ezingapheli kunoma yiziphi izigaba. Lawa amakhowe. Zihlukaniswe embusweni ohlukene futhi zihlukaniswe zibe ezidliwayo futhi ezinobuthi. Kunesigaba esihlukene samakhowe - okudliwayo ngokomzimba. Abaqoqi be-mushroom abangenalwazi bayavunyelwe ukuwaqoqa nokuwadla, njengoba kunengozi ephezulu yobuthi ngummeli ongenakulinganiswa. Enye yalezi amakhowe ezidliwayo ngokweqile i-morel. Kulesi sihloko, izinhlobo ze-morels, ububanzi bazo bokusabalalisa, izindlela zokukhula nokupheka kwalezi amakhowe zizocatshangelwa.
Ingabe ama-edibles afana kakhulu
Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokuvumelana nezici zalo zokunambitheka lezi zinhlobo akuzona ezingaphansi kwe-truffles e-elite. EYurophu, sekuvunwe njengesiko se-gourmet iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili; amazwe aseSlavic angakaqapheli izinzuzo zaleli mushroom. 
Kungadliwa ngempela, kodwa ngemuva kokucubungula okhethekile. Ngisho noma i-morels ihlelwe ukuba ibhakiwe noma ifakwe, idinga ukuphekwa kusengaphambili ngamanzi amaningi.
Kubalulekile! Ukwandisa lawa amakhowe ekhaya kunzima kakhulu. Ungalindeli ukuthi bazokhula ngokwezifiso ze-mycelium. Unyaka ngamunye, ama-morels avela endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke avame ukutshalwa njengesitshalo esisizayo emasimini.
Umhluzi obangelwayo kufanele udonswe, ngoba zonke izingxenye ezinobuthi ze-fetus zidluliselwa kuwo. Lo mkhiqizo awuhambisani nokuhlanza nokusawoti, kodwa kusetshenziselwa kabanzi esimweni esomile.
Kodwa-ke, emva kokumisa kumele kugcinwe izinyanga ezintathu (isikhathi sokushona kwe-toxin). 
Izici ze-Botanical nezinhlobo ze-morels
I-Morel iyi-marsupial yakudala. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-morels.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo ezifana nama-mushroom, ama-cheeses, ama-mushroom ama-shiitake, amakhowe ase-reishi, amaloli amhlophe, izingulube, amakhowe, amakhowe, amakhowe, ama-mushroom, ama-mushrooms, ama-boletus nama-mushroom.
Okudliwayo okungaphezulu
Izithelo ezinkulu (kuze kube ngu-20 cm ukuphakama) izithelo ezine-ovate, i-cap elincane eline-end. Hat ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nomzimba womlenze, ifinyelela ku-7 cm ukuphakama futhi iyingxenye yokukhula kwefungus.
I-porous kakhulu, engaphakathi ngaphakathi, ifana namaseli we-wax. Umbala awuthi ungoboya obukhulu, u-ocher kancane, ekwindla kuba mnyama, futhi i-fungus ifihla kangcono emahlamvu. Umzimba wesithelo unamafutha, unwebeka, futhi ungobucayi, okwenza ukuba i-fungus ilula kakhulu.
Umlenze ukuma kwe-cylindrical, eduze nomhlabathi oqina futhi ogcwele izikali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithola umbala obomvu; amakhowe amancane ahlanzekile ngokuphelele. Inyama ayinayo iphunga elizwakalayo, lingenalo ukunambitha. Isakhiwo sincane, sibuthakathaka, sonakaliswe kalula futhi siphumele. 
I-mushroom isakazwa yizinhlamvu zamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngosayizi. Bakha i-spore-colored powder ebonakala emasakeni akhethekile ebusweni bekhanda. Ngezinye izikhathi i-cap yonke igcwele izinhlamvu.
Uyazi? Emazweni aseSlavic, lesi siko asihlonishwa ikakhulukazi, kodwa izakhamuzi zaseYurophu nase-United States zibhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu. Ngawo-1980, umbuso waseMinnesota wenza ama-morels amakhowe akhethekile, kanti emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambili, ngawo-1910, i-United Kingdom yaqaphela ukuthi leli siko lingumcebo kazwelonke.
Okuningi okuningi
Imelelwa ngumzimba wezithelo, i-apothecium, ephakeme ngaphezu komhlaba emgqineni we-cylindrical stem. It has a cap ngaphezulu elongated nge amangqamuzana omzimba obuncane. Amangqamuzana agxilile kakhulu, afana nesiponji esingavamile. Unemibala enombala obomvu, ngakho-ke cishe ayibonakali emahlamvu. Kwenze kube mnyama ngokuphela kwesikhathi se-mushroom.
I-cap ayinalutho, njengalokhu umlenze osindayo we-cylindrical. Umlenze unesakhiwo esibucayi, esinqunyiwe. 
Omdala izithelo, kuba mnyama kuba. I-morels encane ine-stem ephuzi noma elula. Inyama yinyumbalala, i-wax kancane, idla ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika, ayikho ukunambitheka nokuphunga. I-powder powder yinkimbinkimbi, emele ama-spores bushelelezi ombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu.
Okuphezulu kwe-Morel
I-Apothecia inkulu, ibe ngu-20 cm ukuphakama no-8 cm ububanzi. Isikhwama somzimba wesithelo sincane futhi sihlangene, hhayi ngokubanzi njengokwesidlo esiningi. Unomnqumo omnyama noma umbala obomvu ojulile. Umlenze ufana nomlenze wabameleli be-conical - ama-granular, alula, angenalutho ngaphakathi.
Kubalulekile! Izingane ezincane zingavunyelwe ukuzondla lawa amakhowe. Ngaphambi kokupheka kubhubhisa ingxenye kuphela yobuthi kulezi zithelo. Amakhomikhali asele esitsheni angalimaza umzimba wezingane ezincane futhi abangela izinkinga ezinkulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
Omdala i-fungus, kuba mnyama. Ama-spores e-Ellipsoidal enza i-spore powder yomthunzi obomvu ukhilimu. Igcinwe kumaseli futhi ihlanganisa ikhanda lama-mushroom. 
Kuphi amakhowe akhula: i-ecology nokusabalalisa
Lesi siko sitholakala kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Hemisphere ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphansi. Wabuye wabamba ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu zase-Australia. Ukukhula wodwa, amakhowe amabili noma abathathu ndawonye abavamile.
Ayikaze ibonakale kabili endaweni efanayo, ngakho-ke akukho cishe ukutshalwa kwezimboni zamakhowe. Ikhula emhlabathini we-limestone, izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, umlotha nama-ditches.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa ekhaya, ama-morels azama ukuhlakulela ngawo-1890. Umfokazi ongumFransi ovela eRussia obizwa ngeRempin wabeka i-mycelium emibhokisini yezimbiza wawafaka emgodini wamanzi. Ama-Morels ahlume eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva nangemva kokuvuna izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezimbizeni akakaze avele.
Emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous ayivamile, kaningi emahlathini amancane, emasimini. Inkathi yalezi amakhowe ihlala izinyanga ezimbili noma ezimbili nengxenye - kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Kubalulekile ukuqoqa lesi sitshalo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kusukela ngo-Ephreli izithelo zingenamsoco namanzi. Amaqembu amakhulu angatholakala emahlathini amadala asehlathini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziwa phansi nasezindaweni eziseduze nemibhebhe. Sika kancane ngobuningi emhlabathini ngokwawo ukuze ungalimazi umlenze onzima. 
Ukuphepha kwe-mycelium akubalulekile kakhulu, kusukela unyaka wonke lezi zithelo zivela endaweni entsha. Kungakapheli amahora amabili emva kokuqoqa ama-morels, badinga ukuhlanzwa nokucutshungulwa ukuze bangabe bome futhi bangabi nzima kakhulu.
Kungaba yini ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo amakhowe?
Ama-Morels awafani nanoma yimuphi omunye u-fungus, ngakho ukungadidisisi nge-mushroom yamanga enobuthi akunakwenzeka. Kunenhlobo eyodwa kuphela efana nalesi sithelo, imigqa. Imigqa nayo isundu noma i-brown, kodwa i-cap yawo ayinayo amaseli.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-morel ihluke kanjani ohlwini
Kungenalutho, uvala umlenze okhanyekile cishe emhlabathini. Imigqa iphinde ibhekisele ekudleni okungokwenyama, ngakho-ke ngisho noma uqoqa kokubili amakhowe kanye nabanye, ngemuva kokubilisa, ngeke kube yingozi.
Indlela yokutshala amakhowe
Kwase kuyisikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhula morels kwezohwebo. 
AbaseYurophu abanomthombo amashumi eminyaka baye babheka lesi siko se-whimsical futhi bakhiphe ezinye izindlela zokunakekela.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde kanjani ukukhula ekhaya: amakhowe, amakhowe, amakhowe ama-oyster kanye nama-black truffle.
Indlela yaseJalimane
Ukuze ulethe amakhowe angaphezulu kumhlabathi wezitshalo, ziqoqwa ehlathini futhi zihlanza kahle, zigcine amanzi. Izithelo ezihlutshiwe zigaqulwa zibe yizicucu ezincane futhi zihlakazekile utshani obukhulu emiphalweni yemithi yezithelo. Izingosi zokungena zifakwe ngamanzi okugeza, lapho khona ama-mushroom spores ahlala khona, futhi athululelwa ngomlotha ngobuningi.
Ukutshala kushiywe kuleli fomu kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, bese kuhlanganiswa namaqabunga e-apula ne-birch awile. 
Ekupheleni kukaMashi, uhlaka lwamaqabunga lususiwe, i-mycelium ivuselela futhi imile, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, amakhowe okuqala aqala ukuvela. Ukutshala okunjalo kuzonikeza isivuno esiphakathi kweminyaka emithathu kuya emine.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhula morels ezindlini zasekhaya, susa ungqimba oluvikelayo lwamacembe ngesandla. Amaqebelengwane nama-brushes akhethekile okuqoqa amaqabunga akhulula izingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela alimaze izintambo ezincane ze-mycelium.
Indlela yesiFulentshi
Isekelwe ekukhuliseni kwemibhede yama-mushroom ngekhekhe le-apula. Ukufika kuqhutshwa ngendlela efanayo ngendlela yaseJalimane, kodwa ngaphambi kokumboza umhlabathi ngamaqabunga, imibhede igcwele kakhulu ama-apula abolile kanye neminye imfucuza yama-apula.
Utshani owomile ufanelekile njengendawo yokukhosela, kuzoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-mycelium ngenkathi kubanda kakhulu amaqhwa ebusika.
Indlela yokupheka kahle futhi okuhlwabusayo ukupheka ama-morels epanini
Akukho ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nobuthi balezi fungi. Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuba khona kwabo kwe-toxin hiromitrina kanye ne-asidi helwellic enobuthi. Zombili lezi zinto zibhujiswa ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengezidliwayo ngokwemvelo.
Izithako ezidingekayo
Ukulungisa izitsha esizidinga:
- morels - 400 g;
- anyanisi - 100 g;
- ibhotela - 50 g;
- ukhilimu omuncu - 100 ml;
- amanzi - 2 l.
Iresiphi yesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo enezithombe
- Hlanganisa inqwaba yamakhowe emanzini okubandayo, qabula iziqephu emilenzeni bese usika amakhowe ndawonyes Hlanza izindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokubola nokulimala.
- Gcwalisa morels ngamanzi afudumele bese ugoba isigamu sehora ukuze wenze umzimba wesithelo unweke kakhulu.. Hlanganisa, uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwamakhowe bese ubamba imizuzu engu-40 phezu kokushisa okuphansi.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, peel futhi fake usike anyanisi. Hlanganisa ibhotela epanini. Fry anyanisi kuze kutholakale brown brown. Gcoba umhluzi we-mushroom, udlulisele epanini lokudoba bese udosa nge-anyanisi, uvuselele ngobumnene, imizuzu engu-20.
- Engeza ukhilimu omuncu bese ubamba imizuzu engu-10. Hlela isidlo esilungisiwe emaflethini bese ukhonza ushisayo.
Ividiyo: indlela yokudla i-morels ethosiwe
Funda kabanzi mayelana namaqoqo, ukukhethwa, ukomisa namaqanda amaqanda.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bonke bangadla ama-morels
Akunconywa ukusebenzisa lezi zithelo ngokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuhlukunyezwa kwemikhiqizo ye-mushroom. Iminyango iphikisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe, abesifazane abancancisayo, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala.
Akufanele ukuwadla kulabo ababhekene nezifo zesimiso senhliziyo. Ama-toxins asele engozini esitsheni se-mushroom angabangela ubuthi obunzima nezinkinga zezifo ezikhona.
Ama-Morels amakhowe avela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ehlathini nasemasimini engadini. Ziyakhula minyaka yonke endaweni entsha, zikhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe zensimu njengenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuwaqoqa ngokucophelela, njengoba umzimba obuthakathaka we-fungus ungonakaliswa kalula futhi uqube. 
Ngaphambi kokulungiselela okuyisisekelo, lezi zithelo kufanele zihlanjululwe emanzini abandayo futhi ziphekwe isikhathi esingangxenye yehora ukuze zonke izinhlungu eziqukethwe kuwo zibhujiswe.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-mycologist yaseSan Francisco yathola isivuno se-laboratory yalesi sitshalo. Sekuyisikhathi eside ebala ngaphansi kwe-substrate enhle ye-morels futhi ekugcineni wahlala phezu kokushukela okolweni. Ngenxa yendleko ephezulu yokusabalalisa kwezohwebo kule ndlela ayitholakali.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-morels kunomthelela omuhle embonweni - kuphelisa ama-cataracts, i-glaucoma, nokubukeka kweminyaka yobudala. Qaphela izinga ekusetshenzisweni kwalawa amakhowe futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubeke ngaphansi kwabo ukushisa ukwelashwa ukuze kukhishwe kubo kuphela.
