Ngokuvamile, ukutshala izitshalo zokuhlobisa, uthemba ukuthi zizoqhakaza futhi zijabulise iso. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo siqala ukulimaza. Kulesi simo, ngeke ubone noma iyiphi imifino eluhlaza noma amaqabunga aphilile.
Lesi sihloko senzelwe ukusiza i-clematis yakho, eyayihlasela "isifo". Sizohlola ukuthi kungani i-clematis ikhula kabi, okufanele yenzeni uma umuthi unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, indlela yokuvikela isihlahla kusukela ehlathini nokuningi.
Uyazi? I-Clematis ibhalisiwe eRoyal Horticultural Society, eliseLondon.
Ukunisela okufanele nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Njengoba i-clematis (i-clematis) idinga ukukhanya, ithando lokushisa, ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama futhi ehlotshisiwe, ukunakekelwa okungalungile kuyo kungaholela esimweni esibi sesitshalo noma ukufa kwayo.
Ake siqale ngokuchelela. Emva kokutshala, isitshalo kumele siphuze njalo ngesonto ngokulingana okwanele. Uma isimo sezulu sesishisa futhi somile, ukuchelela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Ngemuva kokujwayela, isitshalo selinisela njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-8-9. Uma umhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-20 cm eduze ne-clematis eyomile - udinga ukusiza isitshalo.
Ukuze i-clematis iqhakaze kakhulu, inhlabathi kufanele ihambelane nezimpande ezijulile (60 cm). Lokhu, okokuqala, kubhekisela ezihlahleni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ungakwenza ngale ndlela: ngobubanzi buka-30 cm ovela esihlahleni, ufaka iziqukathi ngembobo ezansi; emva kokuchelela okujwayelekile kuvamise ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, amanzi azohamba kancane kancane emhlabathini futhi afinyelele ekujuleni okufunayo.
Kubalulekile! Omdala isitshalo, esibi nakakhulu sizoqhakaza. Kusukela unyaka ngamunye izimpande ziya emhlabathini, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa umhlabathi ngokujula kwama-80 cm.
Siya ekunakekeleni kahle kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuze ingahlanganiswa nokuqina okuqinile. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sidinga umhlaba onomswakama futhi ongenalutho, ukubeka i-mulch kungaba yindlela enhle kakhulu. Ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukuxubha isetshenziswa i-humus efafazwe nge-peat. Le mulki yenza imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa: igcina umhlaba unomswakama, ifaka umhlabathi, ivikele izimpande ekuqhenqeni, futhi inikeze indawo yokukhosela izilwane eziwusizo (izibungu).
Kungani i-clematis ingakhulumi? Mhlawumbe ngoba, ngaphezu kokucubungula komhlabathi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo. I-Clematis isebenzisa iningi lezinsiza ekuqhumeni futhi ngaphambi kokuba amakhaza aphule yonke inqwaba yemifino. Uma ungasondli isitshalo izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga, uzoqala ukubola ngokushesha. Udinga ukwenza cishe amalitha ayi-10 omsoco isitshalo ngasinye umuntu omdala (noma 2 amancane).
Kubalulekile! I-clematis encane encane ifaka izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile (izinyanga ezintathu).
Cabanga ngokuntuleka kwezakhi ezibalulekile, nokuthi uboniswa kanjani esitshalweni.
1. Ukungabi ne-nitrogen. Uma i-clematis ingekho nalesi sici, amaqabunga awo aphuzi futhi abe obomvu, izimbali zivela ezincane futhi zihlukaniswe. I-nitrojeni iyadingeka kakhulu entwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo. Ukufaka umanyolo wokusebenzisa u-ammonium nitrate (15 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi) kanye ne-slurry (1 ingxenye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi).
2. Ukungabi ne-phosphorus. Ngokuntuleka kwamaqabunga e-phosphorus abe nsundu nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Letha le nto ngo-Septhemba. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kokugqoka i-superphosphate (20 g ngalinye ngamaminithi angu-10 l) noma isidlo sefu (ufafaze umhlaba ngokubala kuka 200 g ngalinye 1 sq. M.).
3. Ukungabi ne-potassium. Iholela ekumnyama nokunyamaza kwe-peduncle ne-pedicle, emaphethelweni amaqabunga abe mbala omnyama. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngokungeza umquba olandelayo: i-potassium nitrate (esetshenziswa entwasahlobo) noma i-potassium sulfate (ekupheleni kwehlobo) ngesilinganiso sama 25 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ingabe izihlahla zenziwe ngokufanele
Lesi sigaba sizokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani i-clematis ikhula kabi. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sishaya cishe yonke indawo ebusika, entwasahlobo idinga ukuyizuza ngokushesha kakhulu. Kulesi simo, igatsha ngalinye noma ukudubula kungathinta inani kuphela lezimbali nosayizi wabo, kodwa nokuthi ngabe isihlahla sizoqhakaza yini.
Ukusika okulungile kunciphisa umthwalo esitshalweni se-herbaceous entwasahlobo bese ukhulula isihlahla emagatsheni afile kanye nezifo. Emva konyaka wokuqala wokukhula, zonke izihlahla zidinga ukusika izihlahla eziqinile. Ngakho uvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha.
Kubalulekile! Uma unyaka wesibili wezitshalo, i-clematis ayihlakuli kahle, bese ewa ngokuphindaphinda "i-capital" izihlahla zesihlahla.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, izihlahla zenziwa ngokuya ngeqembu lezitshalo:
- Izimbali zakuqala. Ngemuva kwezimbali, amahlumela aphelile aphethwe, agule futhi abuthakathaka.
- Ekuqaleni kwehlobo kukhula. Leli qembu liqukethe ama-clematis hybrids aqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Agasti / Septemba. Ukudubula kwenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile (kunqunywe abagulayo, amahlumela asomile). Kanti futhi uchithe ukusika izihlahla zomnyaka odlule ngo-2 mm.
- Izimbali eziphelile I-Clematis eqhakaza ehlobo nasekwindla. Kulesi simo, ukusika okuqinile kuyenziwa (kushiya 20 cm kusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi). Izimbali ngonyaka ozayo zizovela emahlumela amasha.
Kubalulekile ukunamathela enkambeni yokusika izihlahla, ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo: udinga ukusika izicucu nge-shear ebukhali nje ngenhla kwehlumela.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla ngasinye kudinga ama-disinfection secateurs.
Ingabe ukuvikeleka kwasebusika kungathembeka
Indlela yokuvikela isitshalo kusuka frost and hypothermia? Abalimi abaningi banzima ukulimaza lesi sitshalo. I-Clematis ingaba iqhwa futhi ife, noma izoqhakaza kabi.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokugqoka izihluthulelo ebusika:
- isomile;
- umoya;
- kuhlangene.
Imodi yokuphesela emoyeni. Amahlumela ebusika agcwele ifilimu (faka uhlaka bese ulula ifilimu). Uma ebusika kungenqabunga futhi kufudumele, lesi sitshalo singamane nje senze i-perepret.
Indlela ehlanganisiwe. Okokuqala, ufafaze i-sawdust, bese ukwakha uhlaka phezu kwesihlahla bese ulula ifilimu. Le ndlela izoba yindlela enhle kunazo zonke, ngoba izimpande zizovikelwa kusuka efrijini, futhi ifilimu ngeke ilahlekelwe umswakama owedlulele.
I-Clematis Control Pest
Lesi sitshalo asivikelekile ezinambuzaneni ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa singakwazi ukubhubhisa isihlahla sakho. Izinambuzane zidala umonakalo omkhulu kuwo: zilimaza amaqabunga, amaqabunga, amaqabunga futhi zibhekene nezifo eziyingozi. Cabanga ngezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ze-clematis.
Nematodes
Ziyizibungu ezincane (kufika ku-1 mm), ezishaya amaqabunga amaqabunga, izimpande namahlumela. I-Nematodes iyancipha ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwe-clematis, futhi ngokuhlasela okunamandla kungase kufe.
Kubalulekile! Okuyingozi kunazo zonke isitshalo yi-root ndematode yempande.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ama-nematodes, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokubhujiswa, futhi inhlabathi ingukungasebenzi kahle (nge-hot steam amahora angu-14).
Isibungu se-spider
Izibhakabhaka ezinambuzane ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kanye nasemifantwini yomhlabathi. I-mite igula amahlamvu esitshalo, eqala ukuguquka nokuwa. Ukulwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-garlic (ama-anyanisi aqoshiwe angu-200 ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
I-beep aphid
Lezi zinambuzane zondla ngesitshalo sesitshalo, zihlala emaqabini nasehlathini. Ukuliqeda, isidakamizwa esithi "i-Antitlin" noma i-common ash ash isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izindawo ezithintekayo zesitshalo.
Shchitovka
Njengama-aphid, zidla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Ukubhujiswa kwezingxabano, sebenzisa u-40% we-ethyl utshwala, okuyizitshalo ezihlanziwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Ezinye izinambuzane (ama-slugs namagundane) zibhujiswa izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile noma ukususwa kwemishini.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ze-clematis
I-Clematis inesici esisodwa - isistimu yezimpande ezithuthukisiwe, eziya phansi emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zitshalo zingafa ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi sigaba, sizobheka izifo ezimbalwa zalesi sitshalo, thola ukuthi kungani i-clematis ingaqhakazi, nokuthi ingaxazulula kanjani le nkinga.
Uyazi? I-Clematis isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njengomuthi wokuqeda ukucindezeleka nokuqeda phansi.
I-Leaf Rust
I-Clematis rust ukubonakala kwama-orange pads kumahlumela, ama-petioles namaqabunga. Lesi sifo sibonakala entwasahlobo. Uma lesi sifo sisakazeka, amahlamvu esitshalo abuna futhi amahlumela aphikisana futhi aphikisiwe.
Igciwane lesisifo liwukhunta olune-overwinters emahlumela bese luthinta amahlumela akhula entwasahlobo. Uma amaqabunga namahlumela abonakaliswe yizigqila asusiwe ngesikhathi, i-clematis izokhula kabi futhi ingafa. Ukuqothula amaqabunga kunciphisa isitshalo futhi kuyathinta kakhulu ubusika bawo.
Ukuze sikuvimbele, sineluleka ukuthi ususe ukhula, lapho i-pathogen iningi kakhulu ebusika. Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvikela isitshalo ekugqibeni, khona-ke lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala kufanele zisuse amaqabunga abonakalisiwe namahlumela, bese uphefaza i-clematis ne-Bordeaux liquid.
Indawo yeLeaf
I-Septoria (noma i-leaf spot) yisifo esivamile phakathi kwezitshalo. Awuzange weqa lesi "sifo" kanye ne-clematis. I-agent causative yalesi sifo ngu-Septor ukhunta.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ukuthi izindawo eziningi ezincane ezinemibala enombala obomvu zivela emaqenjini aphezulu eqabunga. Ubukhulu balezi zindawo - 2-5 mm. Ngaphandle kwemiphetho bayizimnyama. Ngemva kwesikhashana, indawo ethintekile ikhanya, kodwa i-bezel emnyama ihlala. Uma amachashazi amnyama avela endaweni ekhanyayo, kufanele wazi - lezi yizidumbu zezithelo ze-fungus Septor kanye nezinhlamvu. Lezi zingxabano zisakazeke kulo lonke isihlahla. Amaqabunga abathintekile aphenduka aphuzi futhi, efa, awe phansi.
Lesi sitshalo sihlala ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho izinqubo zokuphila ziphazamiseka.. Isitshalo esithintekile cishe asiqhakazi, sinqatshelwe ukuzivikela futhi sitholakale kwezinye izifo zefungal.
Uma i-fungus isakazeka, amabala avela kuma-petioles amaqabunga nakumahlumela amasha, i-bark encane iyafa, futhi iphoyinti limile. Izidumbu ezimnyama ze-fungus zidlulela esimweni sasebusika futhi zisinde ebusika ngokuphelele emaqabunga awela phansi kanye namagxolo. Ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kunomthelela esimweni sezulu esibanda futhi semanzi.
Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka nge-fungus (Septoriozom), udinga ukuqoqa nokulahla amaqabunga awile, bese uhlela ukusikeka nge-pitch pitch. Uma i-clematis ikhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umswakama womoya futhi ukwandise i-irradiation yezitshalo ngelanga.
Idonsa likaMealy
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-phytopathogenic erizif fungi.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala se-powdery isikhutha sibomvu esimhlophe ku-clematis. Amaqabunga amancane, amaqabunga, izimbali namahlumela ashintshiswa. I-plaque nayo ingase ibe neziqu kanye namacembe esitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuhlasela, izindawo zokuqala ezibomvu zivela, amaqabunga namahlumela aphelile futhi ahlasele. I-Clematis iyathinteka yilesi sifo kaningi ngoJulayi no-Agasti. Ikhuthaza ukusabalala kwefungus sezulu esishisayo. Uma i-clematis igule nge-powdery isikhutha, zonke izingxenye ze-shrub kufanele zinqunywe futhi zilahlwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukushiya amagatsha anegciwane esakhiweni, kungenjalo isifo sizobuya.
I-Fusarium
Isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke kulabo ababalwe yi-fusarium.
I-Clematis ihlushwa i-fungal wilt, ebizwa ngokuthi i-fusarium. Lesi sifo singena ezindlini ezinobungozi nezibuthakathaka. Amawashi amakhowe "izitsha" eziqhubayo, futhi ukusetshenziselwa kwemithi yezinto eziwusizo kuphazamiseka. I-Fusarium wilt ibonakala ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinezimbali ezinkulu. Ngaphansi kokusongela nezitshalo ezincane. I-mushroom ikhula emahlumela awonakele phansi. Izilonda zibuna, amaqabunga aphenduka obunundu emaphethelweni. Ukushisa okuphezulu + 20 ... + 30 ° C kunomthelela kulokhu. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe kufanele ukhethe amasayithi wokufika okulungile. I-fungus iqala ngezimbali ezikhula ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo:
- zihlahla zonke amahlumela phansi kwesihlahla;
- ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile futhi uchithe isayithi;
- ukuhlanza isitshalo esibulalayo.
Grey ukubola emaqabunga e-clematis
Lesi sifo sithinta izimbali ngesikhathi sezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindawo ezibomvu zivela emaqabunga, kanye ne-gray fluffy patina.
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-fungus ebizwa ngokuthi i-botritis. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi sifo - ukubonakala kokuhlaselwa emagqabeni amaqabunga namagatsha. Uma isitshalo sithinteka yi-fungus, iqala ukubola, bese ifa ngokuphelele.
Ukuze uvikele izimbali zakho kusuka ku-fungus, kufanele ugweme amanzi ahlale emhlabathini nasemagqabeni.
Ngeshwa, akekho ukwelashwa okunokwethenjelwa kwalesi sifo. Uma ukubola okwempunga kusakaze esihlahleni, khona-ke isihlahla kufanele sichithwe ukuze inhlama ingafaki.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ekutheleleni i-clematis, udinga ukutshala lesi sitshalo nge-nitrogen fertilizer, kufanele kusetshenziswe eduze komsuka wesihlahla. Sula isikhwama esinesixazululo esingu-0.2% se-basezol.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubhekana nezilokazane ngesikhathi, hlela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi usebenzise umanyolo emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo sizozizwa sikhulu, siyakucela ukuba ube nezimbali ezinomsoco namaqabunga aphilile.
