Dkt-20 ugandaganda - Leli lifa langempela lezesayensi kazwelonke. Naphezu kwesikhashana sokukhishwa kwayo, leyunithi iye yathandwa kokubili phakathi kwamabhizinisi ezolimo kanye nakwazakhamuzi ezivamile. Amandla, ukungazethembi ekushiyeni nasekhono lokusebenza ngisho nasezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kwenza leli trekta uphawu olubonakalayo lwesikhathi salo, ngaphandle kokungekho umsebenzi owodwa wezolimo emashumini amaningi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sethu, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yimuphi umlando wobunjiniyela bezolimo owaqala kanye nokuthi yini eyabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla. Yingakho siphumelela kulolu daba ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sinqume ukuthi yini uphawu kumgudu we-DT-20 osele ngemva kwakho konke.
Iphila kuze kube ezikhathini zethu
Dkt-20 ugandaganda - Yisondo lesitimela sezolimo, elenzelwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yasensimini. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 yokukhiqizwa kwalo mshini yadalwa ukuguqulwa okunaminyaka eminingi okuye kwashintsha ukuguqula ugandaganda. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, ugandaganda ugcine ukuvala umhlangano emuva ngo-1969. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuzange kuthinte ukuthandwa kwaso phakathi kwabalimi kuma-expanses alo lonke i-USSR. 
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sokukhululwa, kwakhiwa amakhophi angaba ngu-250 000, amanye awo ayengeniswa eFrance naseHolland, kodwa eziningi zezimoto zashiya ukunqoba ubukhulu bezwe.
Uyazi? Leyunithi njengetraktari yasungulwa ngo-1825 nguNgisi ogama lakhe linguKeely. Ikhophi yokuqala yayine injini ephansi yamandla, kepha ikwazi ukuhambisa kalula nokuphatha zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi.
I-tractor yayisetshenziselwa ngokuqinile ehlathini, emarobhothi asezintabeni nasemasimini amashumi eminyaka, njengoba ukwethembeka kwayo kwakungekho ukungabaza phakathi kwanoma yiliphi lezinsolo. Yingakho itholakala ezikhathini zanamuhla.
I-DT-20 isetshenziselwa ukusebenza kuze kube yilolu suku kwamanye amapulazi futhi, naphezu kokuguga kwayo, ihlangabezana kahle nemisebenzi eminingi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuthengiswa kwamahhala ngentengo engaba ngu-1500 US. 
Nokho, ngokuvamile le ndawo yobuchwepheshe ingatholakala njengesiboniso semyuziyamu. I-DT-20 iboniswe eSaratov, ekhonjiswe eSokolovskaya Hill, eMyuziyamu Wezinkwa zedolobha laseBulggar (eTatarstan), e-Cheboksary Museum ye-History of the Tractor, futhi njengenye yezinto ezikhangayo edolobheni laseBelarusian lase Deep.
Uyazi? Amatrakta okuqala asetshenziswa yizempi njengamandla okuthutha ukuthutha izikhali ezinzima. Ngenhloso yezolimo, le mishini yaqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngo-1850.
Umlando we-trekta DT-20
I-DT-20 yayiyisinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni ukwakhiwa kwegandaganda kuma-50s ekhulwini lama-20. Umshini ususe esikhundleni salolu hlobo lwezithombe ezivela kwi-Kharkov Tractor Plant njenge-XTZ-7 no-DT-14. I-HTZ-7 ingenye yeyunithi yokuqala ekhishwe ensimini ye-USSR. 
Ukuthuthukiswa kwegandaganda kanye nokusungulwa kwayo okusebenzayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila esikhathini sempi emva kwalokho kwaphazamisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni eziningi. Akumangazi ukuthi ukufunwa okukhulu kwemishini enjalo kwaholela ekuthi emva kweminyaka emihlanu ngo-1955, abanikazi be-Kharkov bakhipha imodeli ebuyekeziwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-DT-14.
Naphezu kokuthi i-DT-14 yayigxile kwinani elikhulu lemikhakha embonini yezobunjiniyela ngaleso sikhathi, ugandaganda okwamanje awuzange uhluke kwezinye izici zezobuchwepheshe. Naphezu kwekhono elihle lezwe elihamba phambili, ugandaganda wabangela izinkinga eziningana kubashayeli, ngoba kwakudingeka uphethiloli ukuwuqala, nakuba i-unit ngokwayo isebenza kuphela kwi-diesel fuel.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-mini-trekta yomsebenzi esakhiweni sangasemuva, mayelana nezici ze-mini-tractors: i-Uralets-220 ne-Belarus-132n, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani ugandaganda omncane kusuka ku-motoblock ne-mini-trekta ngokuhlukana uhlaka.
Ukuqedwa kwalesiphutha ekushintsheni kamuva akuzange kuxazululwe le nkinga, ngakho-ke abanikazi baseKharkov babuyela i-robot enamandla.
Ngo-1958, amathrekhi okuqala e-DT-20 aphuma, futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1969 ukukhiqizwa kwemishini akuzange kume.
Lo mdlalo wadalwa ngesisekelo se-DT-14; noma kunjalo, wawunezinamba eziningi eziqhubekayo.. Lokhu kwafaka isandla ekutheni ugandaganda awuzange nje othembeke futhi osebenza kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi wawumelela iyunithi evamile yonke yimuphi umsebenzi wensimu.
Kukhona yonke imodeli, abaklami be-Kharkov bakhiphe ukulungiswa okulandelayo:
- I-DT-20-C1: izici zezobuchwepheshe ze-model zikhethiwe ngendlela yokudala umsizi omele ukulima phakathi kwemigqa yamasiko ahlukene;
- I-DT-20-C2: umshini womsebenzi wezolimo jikelele, wawusetshenziswe njengetrakta emadolobheni amancane;
- I-DT-20-C3: Imodeli yokuthekelisa ye trekta, ngokungafani nabanduleleko bayo, ku-C3 yayinomthelela omkhulu kagesi futhi ifakwe amaphiko amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadwebi banikeze imodeli ngezinyawo, izibani ezengeziwe kanye nezindawo zokubeka ipayipi lelayisense;
- I-DT-20-C4: cishe efana nomfanekiso we-C3, umehluko walo omkhulu yimishini yokulawula ngaphansi komgwaqo wesokunxele;
- I-DT-20-C5: Imoto yakhiqizwa ngokukhethekile eFrance naseHolland. Umehluko walo ovela kumamodeli wangaphambilini wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwakungumalungiselelo okhethekile wezibani ezihlangene ngokuvumelana nemigomo yomthetho wala mazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leyunithi yenziwe ngcono uhlelo lokupholisa injini ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-fan kagesi.
Kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngemishini ekhethekile eyenziwe ngesisekelo se-DT-20, kodwa nge-chassis eguquliwe. Lezi yizibonelo ezibizwa ngokuthi:- I-DT-20V: iyunithi elandelwayo, eyenzelwe ukusebenza emasimini amagilebhisi enendawo yokulinganisa okungenani i-1.5 m;
- I-DT-20K: umshini onguchwepheshe wokwehlukaniswa kwemigqa yamasiko ama-stem amade. I-trekta yayine-chassis yemasondo, kodwa ngokukhululeka nokulingana kunamamodeli asekelwe;
- I-DT-20U: itrektri elinesondo elincane, elenzelwe ukwandisa isikhala esincane kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yamapulazi.
Uyazi? I-trekta elandelwe kuqala yabonakala ngo-1903 ngenxa yemizamo yomnjiniyela waseMelika kanye nosomabhizinisi uBenjamin Holt.
Ukubukeka kanye nekhono likagandaganda
I-Tractor DT-20 iyimishini yokulima encane, eyayisetshenziselwa ukusebenzela emasimini nasemasimini, kanye nerektri ngezidingo ezihlukahlukene emahlathini, emsebenzini kamasipala nokwakhiwa. Naphezu kwamandla ayo aphansi, abaklami bakwazi ukudala i-unit eqondiswa kalula futhi elula ukulawula, futhi injini ye-diesel engathobekile yanikeza amandla emotweni.
Ithektala ibonakala ngendlela yendabuko yalolu hlobo lwemishini. Amasondo alo angemuva adlula ububanzi bamavili angaphambili, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi evundile. Amasondo avikelwe kusuka ngenhla ngamaphiko kusuka ekungcoleni, okuyinto, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuguqulwa, linamathele emigodini ye-brake noma ngamabakaki okuguquka. 
Akukho cishe uhlaka lwe-DT-20, injini, ibhokisi legijimi kanye ne-back axle yindlela eyodwa ebalulekile lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zomshini zihlanganisiwe. Akukho ukuphahla ku-trekta noma kunjalo, kwezinye izinguquko kukhona izintaba ezikhethekile zokufaka isikhwama se-awning.
Zijwayeze ngamatrakta: MT3-892, MT3-1221, ama-Kirovets K-700, ama-Kirovets K-9000, i-T-170, i-MT3-80, i-MT3 320, i-MT3 82 ne-T-30, engasetshenziswa ngokuhlukile izinhlobo zomsebenzi.
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwidrakta ye-DT-20, ungashintsha isikhundla segesi lokugcina nobude be-axles. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukubeka ubude obuhle bokususwa komhlaba kanye nesisekelo se-longitudinal. Ibhokisi legiya lemoto linomthelela, lifaka isandla ekuhambeni kweyunithi ngejubane elifanayo njengemuva nangaphambili.
Izinqumo ezinjalo ezithinta izinguquko eziphathelene namamodeli wangaphambilini zihambisana nemizamo yabaqambi ukudala ugandaganda jikelele wokusebenza nazo zonke izinhlobo zamadivaysi ezolimo ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo ezikhula kancane nezide.
Uyazi? Umqondo wokwakha ugandaganda ngaphandle kohlaka njengoba i-monolith eyodwa kusuka injini, ibhokisi legijimi kanye ne-backlex yangemuva kungokwesimangaliso uHenry Ford. Ngakho, i-automaker yanciphisa izindleko zokwakha imoto futhi yenze itholakale kuningi abalimi.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe be-trekta DT-20
| Izici | Izinkomba |
| Uhlobo lwenjini | I-Diesel |
| Ukucindezelwa komhlaba | 0.046 kg / cm2 |
| Amandla okudonsa kwi-hook | 0.125-0.72 t |
| Isivinini sokuqala ngo-1600 rpm | 5.03 km / h |
| Isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ngo-1600 rpm | 15.6 km / h |
| Isivinini esikhulu kakhulu ngo-1800 rpm | 17.65 km / h |
| Izitoreji ezengeziwe ku-900 rpm | 0.87 km / h |
| Amandla injini yokuqala | 13.2 kW |
| Isivinini sokuqala | 1600 rpm |
| Isivinini esikhulu | 1800 rpm |
| Inombolo ye-cylinders injini | 1 ucezu |
| Bore | 12.5 cm |
| Ukushaya kwesibhamu | 14 cm |
| Umthamo omkhulu we-tank | 45 l |
| Ukusetshenziswa okusetshenzisiwe okusetshenzisiwe | 200 g / hp ngehora elilodwa |
| Uhlobo lomkhondo | ukulungiswa |
| Ukulinganisa kwangaphambili kwesilinganiso | 1.1-1.4 m |
| Ubude obukhulu besisekelo se-longitudinal | 1.63-1.775 m |
| Ubude obuncane be-base longitudinal | I-1,423-1,837 m |
| Ukukhululeka okukhulu | 0.515 m |
| Isikhala esincane | 0,308 m |
| Ingqikithi yesisindo | 1.56 t |
| Ububanzi obubanzi nobubanzi buka-1.1 m | 1.31 m |
| Ukuphakama okuphezulu endaweni ye-hood | 1.231 m |
| Ukuphakama okungenani endaweni ye-hood | I-1,438 m |
| Ubude obukhulu (nge-canopy) | 2,818-3,038 m |
Ividiyo: ukubuyekezwa kwedrakta DT-20
Ubukhulu nesisindo
I trekta ye-DT-20 inezinsimbalwa ezincane kakhulu. Ubukhulu bokulinganisa komshini kukhona 2818 mm x 1300 mm x 1231 mm, esiphezulu 3038 mm x 1300 mm x 1438 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungabi khona kwefreyimu kuye kwasiza kakhulu isisindo sayo, ngoba asidluli ngaphezu kuka-15,600 kg.
Kubalulekile! Umklamo we-DT-20 ugandaganda awunikeli amabakaki aphakanyiswayo wokulinganisa okudingekayo ekuhlanganiseni amapneumatics emhlabathini. Lesi siphambeko sichithwa kancane ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwe-pneumatics ngamanzi.
Injini
I-trekta ine-injection ezine-stroke ene-cylinder eyodwa. Uhlobo lokupholisa lujikeleza, amanzi okupompi asetshenziswa njengento epholile. Ukuqala kokuqala kagesi kunikezwa ukuqala injini. 
Le moto inendlela engavamile eyinciphisa ukudlidliza. Iqukethe i-shaft crankshaft emibili efana ne-counterweight. Ipompo lephethiloli lilula, ingxenye eyodwa.
Ukuthutha
Ukudluliselwa ku-DT-20 elula, okuyimishini. Phakathi kwe-injini nebhokisi legiar ingxube ye-friction, equkethe i-disk eyodwa. Ngenkathi ugandaganda usebenza, awuvali. Inkinobho yokulawula isiza ukulawula lesi sibhamu.
Ukudluliselwa kunemigodi engu-4, kanye nokuhleleka kokubuyela emuva. Isivinini esiphezulu asidluli ku-15.7 km / h, kodwa ngokunyuka kwejubane injini kuya ku-1800 ngomzuzu, ijubane likhuphukela ku-17.65 km / h.
Kubalulekile! Ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwe-engine ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuqina kwayo kukhula izikhathi eziningi, ngakho-ke, injini kufanele iqhutshwe ngokungekho ngaphezu kuka-80% wamandla amakhulu.
Ukugijima gear
I-Chassis DT-20 iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- amasondo ne-front axle;
- i-axle engemuva namasondo;
- ikholomu yokuqondisa eqondile;
- ukuqhutshwa kwamagciwane nge-roller kabili;
- uhlelo lokusakaza.
Izinsiza Zokunamathisela
Njengemishini yensiza encedisayo ye-DT-20, noma yiziphi izinyunithi ezinesisetshenziswa se-trailer ezingasetshenziswa, ezingalawulwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-hydraulic. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabo yilokhu okulandelayo:
- I-LNV-1,5 pickup;
- I-PAV-000 transporter;
- I-sprayer ye-ONK-B;
- I-Osh-50 duster;
- i-scraper ABH-0.5;
- Ipulatifomu yokulayisha i-PVF-0.5.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuthola imishini yesimanje yokusebenza nodokotela we-DT-20, ngoba ngokuvamile amadivaysi anjalo awahambisani neyunithi.
Ama-analogues anamuhla
Iyunithi ishiye uphawu olungapheli emlandweni wemboni yomgogodla. Waba umshini wezolimo wangempela wezandla ngesikhathi sakhe, yingakho impumelelo yabahlengikazi baseKharkov yaqashelwa ngabakhiqizi abaningi. Ukufana okulandelayo okuqhubekayo kwakhiwe ngesisekelo seyunithi:
- T-25: ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Vladimir Motor-Tractor Plant, eyenziwa kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1973;
- T-25A: umshini we-Vladimir Motor Tractor Plant, oqala ukuphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-1973 futhi wenziwa kuze kube yilolu suku;
- I-MTZ-50: Iyunithi, eyenziwe yi-Minsk Tractor Plant kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1985;
- I-MTZ-80: ugandaganda ovela kwiMitrothera yeMinsk, eyenziwa kusukela ngo-1974 kuze kube namuhla;
- T-40: ugandaganda owenziwe yi-Lipetsk Tractor Plant, owenziwe kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1995;
- LTZ-55: impahla yabanjiniyela bezitshalo zeTritskretk; ugandaganda lenziwe kusukela ngo-1995 kuze kube namuhla;
- I-Agromash 30TK: Enye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ezivela ku-Vladimir Motor Tractor Plant, eyavela emgqeni womhlangano kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Ukubuyekezwa komsebenzisi kagandaganda DT-20
Ekuqaleni ngizothumela lapha izithombe ezinjalo. Uma umuntu enesithakazelo kokunye okunye, ngisakwazi ukuthatha isithombe, ngitshele.
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I-DT-20 iyisakhiwo sangempela sesayensi yasendaweni nobuchwepheshe. Eminyakeni embalwa nje, le nhlangano yakwazi ukunqoba izinhliziyo zabasebenzi bezolimo futhi isikhathi eside yaba yinto enhle yobuchwepheshe obunamandla, obunokwethenjelwa nobufakazi. Yingakho ngesikhathi esilandelayo, abaklami abaningi basebenzise iphrojekthi ephumelelayo yabanjiniyela beKharkov ukuthuthukisa umshini wekhwalithi nokungahloniphi umsebenzi wensimu nezensimu.
