Kunezinto eziningi ezehlukene emhlabeni esingase singaziqondi, kuyilapho ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemikhiqizo ethile kanye nezinto zokusebenza. Kulesi simo, sizogxila kwi-guar gum, engatholwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "E 412". Ake sithole ukuthi iyini, yiziphi izimpahla kanye nezici lokhu okungeziwe kokudla okunakho.
Yini i-guar gum
I-Additive E 412 ifakwe ohlwini lwabaqashi, ngokuba i-emulsifier kanye nesimo esiqinile. Ngokusho izici zomzimba, kungukudla okumhlophe noma okuphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, okuvezwe yiphunga elimqoka. 
Ukuthola yonke impahla ye-polysaccharides, ichitheka ngokuphelele, futhi uma ubheka ngokucophelela ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali okwenziwe yizinto, kulula ukubona ukuthi kufana nokufana okufanayo komuthi we-carob (ku-International Classification of Additives Food ehlongozwa njenge-E 410).
I-Guar gum iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer enezingxenye zokuhlala ze-galactose, futhi i-guaran inzima kakhulu futhi iyanwebeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, isithasiselo kubhekwa njenge-emulsifier enhle kakhulu futhi iphikisana kakhulu nokuqhwaqhaqhaza nokukhwabanisa.
Uyazi? Umuthi wokugcina wawubhekwa njengento eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni izithasiselo zemvelo ngo-1907. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngezinkomo ezinkulu nasemadodeni amakhulu, nakuba lesi sitshalo sekuhlonywe iminyaka eminingi eNdiya nasePakistan.
Ukuthola i-Gum Guarum
Izinto zokwakha zokwesekwa kwe-E 412 yizinyosi zesihlahla se-Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, noma ngaphezulu, imbewu yabo, okuvela kuzo lapho kutholakala khona izitshalo ezimweni zezimboni (ezihlinzekwe ngefomu le-powder).
Imbewu yamabhontshisi ayishumi nanhlanu imile, ihlukanisa i-endosperm ngenqubo yokuchotshoza, bese umuthi ophumela kuleso sizwe futhi uncibilike esimweni se powder ehambisanayo.
Ubhontshisi uhlanganisa ama-dolichos, umshanelo, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, imifino yemifino, i-peas, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza.Inqubo yokuhlanza iziteji eziningi ivumela ukuba uthole ibanga elihle kakhulu elisezingeni eliphansi, elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-galactomannan nezakhiwo eziphezulu ze-viscous.
Ngokwesiko, cishe u-80% womkhiqizo womhlaba wezinto eziwela eNdiya, nakuba manje ukhiqizwa amanye amazwe: i-Afrika, i-Canada, i-America ne-Australia. 
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Gum
Izici ze-guar gum zavumela ukuthi zibe yizinto ezinhle kakhulu eziluhlaza okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wabantu, kuhlanganise nezimboni zokudla kanye nokudoba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithasiselo esinjalo asizange sibe nokukhululeka ekwakhiweni kwezindwangu, iphepha, izimonyo ngisho nezinto zokuqhuma. 
Embonini yokudla
Ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kwalokhu okungeziwe ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokudla kuchazwa yizidingo ezilandelayo zomkhiqizo:
- I-viscosity yegamu ezingeni lika-5,000 centipoise noma i-centipoise engu-3 500 engxenyeni evamile ikuvumela ukuba yenze indima ye-stable stabilizer, ikhulise izakhiwo ze-viscosity kanye ne-gelling yemikhiqizo (ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimfesi kanye nobisi ukuze kugcinwe imikhiqizo emide noma yokwandisa ubukhulu babo).
- Ikhono lokuqothula ngokuphelele emanzini nokuhambisana kahle nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-hydrocolloids zezitshalo (isibonelo, isibhontshisi sezinkumbi, i-pectin noma i-carrageenan) kwenza ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo le nsizi ukuthuthukisa ukuvumelana kwemikhiqizo.
- Uma kuqhwaza, le ndawo yesithasiselo, njengekhono lokunciphisa ukubunjwa kwamakhekhedi e-ice (okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-ayisikhilimu, i-yogurt noma iminye imikhiqizo ye-confectionery epholile), iyasiza futhi.
- Ngalesi sici, ungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo izici zangaphandle ze-ketchup, izinkathi zesikhumba kanye nama-saladi, futhi ngokuzikhandla, ngaleyo njongo kuhlanganiswa neziphuzo (ama-syrups noma ama-juice), ukuxuba okumile okwenziwe isobho esheshayo, inhlanzi ekhonjiwe kanye nokudla okhethekile kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Kunoma yikuphi, i-guar gum cishe ayitholakali ngamathumbu futhi ivimbela umuzwa wendlala, kuyilapho ehlisa izinga le-cholesterol namafutha agcwele.Ama-beet, amapheya, amazambane, i-jelly yasebukhosini, i-currants emhlophe, ama-apricot, amantongomane ephayini, ama-zucchini akwazi ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol.
Embonini yokudoba
I-guar gum yaba "umsizi" omuhle kakhulu ekuhleleni kwamachibi amafutha, ngoba iyakwazi ukunciphisa ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi avela emzimbeni wokushisa futhi unikeze ubumba lobhontshisi olusetshenziswa kulo.
Kubalulekile! Ukudla okunobungozi kunazo zonke yi-monosodium glutamate, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezimnandi nezokunambitheka kwemikhiqizo ethile. Isebenza emzimbeni ngesimiso sezidakamizwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungase ungabe usazwa ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo ngaphandle kwayo. Ukulimaza ebuchosheni obandayo bezingane.Ngalokhu konke lokhu, kungabizwa ngokuthi umlingani ongabizi kakhulu wabanye abaqashi abaningi asetshenziselwa ukugaya. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukungazibali izinsalela zemifino ye-guar kule ndaba.
Ngakho-ke, ayinayo izinga eliphakeme lokuzinza okushisayo, ngakho-ke i-xanthan gum iyindlela engcono, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa lidlula inani le-+100 ° C.Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kukhubazeka kungakhokhiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hydroxypropyl yalesi sici, ngoba banokuthula okuhle okushisa.
I-Guar gum iphinde isetshenziswe ezimweni uma kunesidingo sokwandisa inani lamafutha okhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhwabanisa kwe-hydraulic.
Ngaphansi komthelela wokucindezela okukhulu, i-proppant inikezwa emthonjeni, indima ehambisana kahle nesihlabathi, ngaphambili ihlanganiswe ngumbhalo oshiwo ngenhla, noma isisombululo se-hydroxypropylguar. 
Ngesizo salo, kungenzeka ukukhulisa imifantu emadwaleni okukhuni ukuze kulungiswe ukuhamba kahle kwegesi noma amafutha.
Kodwa lokhu akuwona wonke amathuba e-guar gum emhlabeni wemboni yokudoba.
Ngenxa yokwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo ne-borate nezinsimbi zensimbi zenguquko (Ti no-Zr), i-gelatinization yayo ivame ukubonwa, futhi ngemva kokuphela kwe-hydraulic fracture, i-gel-like substance ichithwa futhi ihlolwe ukuhlanzwa ukushiya inani elincane kuphela.
Kumele kuthiwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-E 412 embonini yokudoba ukukhishwa kwamafutha kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zesimanje zokusetshenziswa kwalesi sici. 
Uyazi? Amafutha asuswe isintu iminyaka engaphezu kuka-6000. Ngakho-ke, eBabiloni lasendulo, ibhitumini yakhonza abantu ekwakheni nasekuqinisekisweni, futhi abaseGibhithe lasendulo basebenzisa izibani zokukhanyisa ezilula, lapho amafutha ayetshenziselwa khona.
Kwezinye izindawo
Naphezu kokusetshenziselwa kabanzi embonini yokudla kanye nokugaya, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu, i-guar gum ibe futhi ihlala eminye imikhakha eminye yemisebenzi yabantu.
Isibonelo, ngezinhloso zezokwelapha, le nto ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekwakheni izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela, ukuze ekugcineni unciphise izinga lokugaya ushukela emathunjini, kanye nokunciphisa inqubo yokwamukelwa kwemithi nezinye izithako ezihlukahlukene zokudla. 
Ukusetshenziswa kwegum i-guar kukhonjisiwe ekukhiqizeni izindwangu kanye nephepha (ikakhulukazi elisetshenziselwa ukugaya amakhephe kanye nokunyathelisa kwe-textile), yize izinsini zomzimba zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa inqubo: isibonelo, i-carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar noma i-carboxymethylguar.
Uma kunesidingo, ukufakwa kwe-E412 kungasetshenziswa futhi ukudala iziqhumane, nakuba kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngezinhloso zezimonyo.
Yiqiniso, abakhiqizi bezimonyo zokunethezeka abavame ukusebenzisa ukusebenzisa i-guar gum, kodwa esigabeni sesabelomali kunzima kakhulu.
Ekukhiqizeni izimonyo basebenzisa i-bex, i-peppermint, i-citronella i-oyela ebalulekile, i-Kalanchoe enamaphiko, i-lychee, i-marjoram, i-flax, i-flax, umama kanye nomama wesisu.Esikhundleni se-emulsifier, i-thickener ne-stabilizer, itholakala kwinani elikhulu lama-gel and creams, kokubili imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezinwele nemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukugcina ubuhle bomzimba.
Ukutholakala kwe-guar gum kuzo kunikeza i-hydration enhle yesikhumba, ngokucophelela ihlanza isendlalelo sayo esingenhla futhi ivikela isikhumba emoyeni kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe.Lapho evezwe izinwele, lokhu kwengezela ngokuphelele ukubuyisela wonke umonakalo, ukwengeza ukukhanya nokuqina kwamandla ezinwele zayo.
Uma ufisa, i-guar gum ingafakwa ekuphekeni okuzenzekelayo, kodwa uma ungenalo ulwazi usebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandwa yi-creams eyenziwe ngomumo.
Impembe emzimbeni womuntu
Sivame ukuqaphela noma yiziphi izithasiselo zokudla, okuyizikhathi eziningi isinqumo esiqondile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okujwayelekile ngokudla okulinganiselwe kwe-guar gum ngeke kulimaze umzimba, ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhona ulwazi mayelana nezinzuzo ze-E 412. 
Ikakhulukazi, ikwazi:
- kunciphisa umuzwa wendlala;
- amazinga e-blood cholesterol aphansi;
- ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-calcium;
- susa amagciwane nezifo ezivela emzimbeni;
- ube nomphumela we-laxative (ikakhulukazi okuyiqiniso kokuqothulwa).
Ugqumugqumu, i-currant emnyama, i-black nightshade, i-burdock impande ukumnika, i-white willow amagxolo, i-sweet cherry, i-fennel inomphumela omuhle we-laxative.Okokuthi, i-guar gum ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi uma isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okulinganiselwe kuyisiphephelo esiphephile ngokuphelele ekudleni, yiqiniso, ngaphandle uma abakhiqizi beshintsha ngokuqondile ukubunjwa kwayo kwangempela ngosizo lwezakhi ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, akufanele usebenzise le nkengezo ngezinhloso zokudla. Ngama-1980, abantu base bevele balandela le ndlela, ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwegamu nokungenwa okwanele kwamanzi, ukufa kwaphawula. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ososayensi bakwazi ukufakazela ukusebenza okuphansi kwe-E 412 ngezinjongo zokudla.
Ngokudlula ngokweqile kwalesi sengezo, izithako zokudla ezakhiweni zingase ziholele ebuhlungu emathunjini, isisindo sokukhwabanisa, nokwenyuka kwegesi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ekubhekeleni kokuhambisana nezidakamizwa (uma uthatha noma yiziphi izidakamizwa), ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi enkulu yezinkinga.
Kalula nje, ungesabi igamu lokugcina, kodwa lapho lisetshenzisiwe, kungcono ukugcina izinyathelo zokungacindezeli nokuhlukumeza okungeziwe.
