I-Humus

Konke mayelana nokusetshenziswa komquba wehhashi

Noma ngabe yiziphi izitshalo ozitshale engadini yakho noma engadini, ngokuqinisekile zidinga ukudla kanye nomanyolo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isivuno esihle asizukufezwa. Namuhla, imakethe yomanyolo iboniswa ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo kanye nanoma yisiphi isikhwama. Kodwa-ke, abalimi nabalimi bavame ukutshala izakhiwo zabo ngendlela endala - ngomquba. Futhi i-horse defecate iyaqhubeka ithandwa kakhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yiyona ephilayo ewusizo kakhulu futhi esebenzayo. Iyini ukusetshenziswa komquba wehhashi njengomanyolo nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle, funda ngezansi.

Iyini imfucuza yamahhashi ewusizo kangaka

Amahhashi afakwe kakhulu ekubunjweni, aqukethe i-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Konke lokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi njenge-catalyst enamandla kuthinta ukukhula kwezimila kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi. Izingxoxo ezishisayo mayelana nokuhleleka kokusebenzisa umquba wehhashi njengoba umanyolo uvame ukutholakala kuma-blogs nakumaforamu amawebhusayithi we-horticultural. Abanye abantu bahlekisa ngale ndlela, bephikisana ngokuthi awukwazi ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ungahlushwa ngamakha evuthayo futhi uthenge indawo ejwayelekile evamile ezitolo. Abanye bakhuluma ngemiphumela eyisimangaliso yokusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwalolu daba oluphilayo emadakeni abo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, kodwa izinzuzo zemifino yamahhashi engadini kanye nasensimu zifakazelwa iminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa ezimbonini zezolimo nezokulima: ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusiza ukufezekisa izitshalo eziphakeme zezitshalo nezensimu, ukwandisa ukuphikisa kwazo nezifo ezingaphandle zangaphandle.

Umquba wamahhashi unenzuzo enkulu kunezinye izinhlobo zemifino ephilayo (isibonelo, i-mullein, ingulube, inkukhu, umquba wezimbuzi) - ilula, idle futhi idilike ngokushesha. Ivuselela kangcono (izinga lokushisa elivuthayo lingu-70-80 ºС) futhi linikeza ukushisa ngokushesha, kuyilapho lipholisa kancane kancane (liyakwazi ukubamba ukushisa izinyanga ezimbili). Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe akuthinteki yi-pathogenic microflora.

Uma i-humus yamahhashi isetshenziselwa umanyolo womhlabathi, khona-ke ingafinyelelwa ngokuzala okukhulu. Ikhulula inhlabathi kahle futhi ingabi negalelo ekwenzeni i-acidification yayo, igcwele amandla e-carbon dioxide, igcina umoya ovamile, ukushisa nokushisa kwamanzi, iphinda ibuyele ekugcineni kwemvelo. Ayikho eminye imanyolo kanye nokufaka umanyolo kungaba nemiphumela ehlukile.

Izinhlobo Zomquba wamaHhashi

Umquba wamahhashi njengoba umanyolo usetshenziswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokuqothulwa: olusha, oluthile lokubuyisela kabusha, oluthile lokubuyisela kabusha, oluthile, oluse-humus. Cabangela izinzuzo zomunye wabo.

Okusha

Ukuze umanyolo womhlabathi uvame ukusebenzisa umquba omusha. Iveza ukushisa okungaphezulu ne-nitrogen. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ama-humus amasha ayingozi ezitshalweni, ngoba angashisa izimpande zawo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esihle kakhulu lapho ungafaka umhlaba ngomquba wehhashi yikwindla, ngemva kokumba ingadi yemifino. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma uwenza ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika, khona-ke lapho uhlwanyela khona entwasahlobo uzoba nesikhathi sokubola futhi uzohamba ngokugcwele.

Uyazi? Ukushisa komquba kungenziwa kalula ngeso. Ngokwemvelo engokwemvelo, utshani kanye ne-sawdust yombala wesakhiwo nesakhiwo kubonakala ngokucacile. Ngomquba ovuthiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo kubumnyama futhi kuhlukaniswe kancane.
Entwasahlobo, ama-calories amasha amahhashi asetshenziswa njengama-biofuels ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ehlela imibhede efudumele namagundane ngenxa yokukhukhamba, ukhukhamba, amathanga. Kuvunyelwe ukukwenza amazambane okuqala kanye nezinye izitshalo ezinenkathi ende yokukhula. Uma ukondla, ihlanganiswe nezinye umanyolo eziphilayo kungenzeka. Umquba ungaba nomquba we-peat, sawdust, utshani, amahlamvu omdala, utshani. Umquba omuhle kakhulu uthathwa njengengxube ne-peat. Inketho engabizi kakhulu yilezi. Ikhwalithi enhle kunazo zonke igobe nge-added sawdust.

Futhi, umquba omusha usetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla okunomsoco.

Ingxenye ephukile

Izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo emanzini kulezi zinhlobo zibomvu futhi zingalahlekelwa kalula. Izitshalo zensimu (i-zucchini, iklabishi, ukhukhamba) nezimbali zondliwa umquba wommbila. Yisebenzise ngendlela efomini yamanzi uma umba. Ngonyaka wesibili emva komanyolo, kuhle ukutshala amazambane, izaqathe, ubhontshisi, utamatisi nama-strawberries kulesi sakhiwo. Kufaneleka nge-roching mulses.

Kuhle kuhle

Umquba ofile uyingqayizivele ebomvu. Ingumkhawulo wesigamu kunotshani. Le nhlabathi yomanyolo ephilayo futhi isetshenziswe njenge-substrate yezithombo ngokulingana: izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba zibe ingxenye eyodwa yomhlaba. Esetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo utamatisi, amazambane okuqala, izimbali zensimu nezihlahla zezithelo.

I-Humus

I-Humus - lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokuchithwa kwe-horse defecation, kule ndlela yezinto eziphilayo eziwusizo kakhulu futhi isetshenzisiwe njengesondlo sezitshalo ngokuphelele nezitshalo nezimbali.

Uyazi? Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi emhlabathini ogcwala ama-humus, izitshalo ziyasheshisa ukukhula kwazo, imifino eminingi yezimpande yenze ngcono ukunambitheka. Isibonelo, ngosizi kanye no-onion ukufutheka kuyahamba.
I-Humus ihanjiswa ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo (kuze kube amabhakede amahlanu), izitshalo zeberry, ezisetshenziselwa ukuxubha.

Indlela yokutshala izitshalo ngomquba wehhashi

Igama lehhashi lingasetshenziswa ukutshala izitshalo eziningi nenhlabathi. Sithole amathiphu ambalwa ajwayelekile mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa umquba ngokufanele emhlabathini.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ukuze ingadi engumanyolo ekwindla, emva kokuvuna, umquba omusha ubeka ungqimba wamasentimitha angu-50. Kusukela phezulu uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yetshani ehlanganiswe umhlaba obanzi obuyi-30-35 cm. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli. Norm - 600-800 g nge-sq. m; uma umquba usetshenziswa, ke - 100-200 g nge-100 sq. m. m

Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukulima ingadi yemifino ngemuva kokusakaza umquba ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa yi-nitrogen ekwazi ukuphuma ngokushesha. Ngesizathu esifanayo, tshala izitshalo bese ukhula kangcono ngosuku olulodwa.
Ngentwasahlobo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ongenakwenzeka kuphela izitshalo ezinesikhathi eside sokukhula nentuthuko (amazambane, iklabishi).

Ngenhlangano yentwasahlobo ye-greenhouse Umquba ubeka ungqimba we-20-30 cm ngaphansi kwenhlabathi. Izinga lokungezelela liyi-4-6 kg nge-1 sq. Km. m wezwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza umhlabathi ukungcola kahle ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Imibhede ihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene izinsuku ezimbili, emva kwalokho ungaqala imbewu yokutshala.

Ukuze ukulungiswa kokugqoka okwesimanzi kuhambisana nokulingana okunjalo: ku-10 l amanzi okuxuba u-2 kg wefriji, u-1 kg we-sawdust bese ufaka amasonto amabili, uvuselela njalo, bese uhlanjululwe ngamanzi 1: 6. Futhi ukuchelela ngaphansi kwempande, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-1 kg yomquba ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

Umanyolo wamazambane

Umquba wamahhashi ulungile amazambane. Igama elisha lingcono ukwenza isakhiwo lapho uhlela khona ukutshala amazambane ekwindla. Nakuba abalimi sebevame ukusetshenziselwa ukudla umquba wokubilisa amazambane.

Njengoba ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuthatha isikhathi eside, ama-droppings amahhashi avunyelwe entwasahlobo (5 kg nge-1 sq. M). Ngezinye izikhathi umquba uchitheka ngqo emgodini lapho amazambane atshalwa khona, ukuwaxuba nomhlabathi. Kubonakala ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo izithelo ezinkulu zikhula.

Kubalulekile! Ngelinye ibhakede elingu-10 litre lihambisana no-7.5 kg lomquba kanye no-5 kg ​​wamanyolo nge-sawdust.

Indlela yokutshala i-roses horse umquba

Igama elisha elinconyelwe ukugqoka ama-roses. Utshala amahlathi ngesikhathi sokuwa, ngenkathi uhlwitha. Ngakho entwasahlobo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zizofika ezitshalweni. Re-fertilize roses kungaba ngesikhathi izimbali.

Umanyolo amajikijolo

Amahhashi amahhashi afanelekile ukutshala nokutshala izitshalo zeberry, ikakhulukazi, ama-strawberries nama-strawberries. Ukondla kukhiqizwa ngesisombululo esilungisiwe kusuka ku-1 ingxenye yomquba kanye nezingxenye ezingu-10 zamanzi. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ingxube ibanjwe amahora angu-24.

Ngokutshala amajikijolo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umquba wehhashi owomile, isicelo saso silula - amabhakede amathathu asetshenziswa kusengaphambili emibhedeni. Futhi ngosizo lomquba wezwe lamahhashi, utshani namaqabunga, ungakwazi ukuphakama phakathi kwemigqa yama-raspberries, ama-strawberries nama-strawberries, ubeka ungqimba lwe-5-10 cm ubukhulu.

Indlela yokugcina umquba wehhashi

Ukuze ulondoloze izinto eziningi eziwusizo ngangokunokwenzeka kumquba, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayilondoloza kanjani kahle. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcina umfutho wehhashi: kubanda futhi kushisayo. Ake sijwayelane nemininingwane ngayinye yazo.

Indlela epholile

Kungcono ukugcina umquba ubanda. Ngakho uzolahlekelwa i-nitrogen encane futhi ngeke ikhululeke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka kahle ngokuhlinzekwa okuncane okwenziwe nge-oxygen. Ukuze uqoqe izinqwaba, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele - ukumba imbobo noma ukwakha umgoqo. I-straw, i-peat, i-hay, i-sawdust enezingqimba ze-20-30 cm isetshenziselwa phansi kwesiteji esabiwe, umquba ubeka 13-15 cm ububanzi futhi ububanzi buka-1.5-2m ububanzi. Okuphezulu kuhlanganiswe ne-peat noma emhlabathini (20 cm) ukuze kuvikelwe ithonya langaphandle. Kungaba khona izingqimba eziningana kuze kufike ku-1.5 m ubude. Ubusika, ungawumboza ngefolda. Phakathi nesitoreji, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igama aligcini ngokweqile futhi lidlula isikhathi.

Uyazi? Ukuze uzisindise ekuhluphekeni kokuthola indawo yokugcina, ungathenga umquba ohlanganisiwe ezitolo ezikhethekile. Namuhla, abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngokugxila komquba womquba nomquba emanzini.

Indlela ehambayo

Ngendlela eshisayo, umquba ugcinwa ukhululekile ezinqwabeni. Umoya ungena kuwo kalula, okubangela ukukhula okusebenzayo kwe-microflora. Emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zesitoreji esinjalo, silahlekelwa ngaphezu kwesigamu sobuningi bethu kanye nenani elifanayo le-nitrogen.

Isikhathi sokusebenzisa umquba njengomanyolo asinconywa

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziqinile epulazini lehhashi, Kunemithetho eminingana lapho ukusebenzisa lokhu okungahambi kahle. Nakhu okuyinhloko:

  • uma kukhona umdwebo wokuvela emfucumfuceni ezweni, lilahlekelwa ikhono layo lokufudumala futhi alifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo;
  • uma kukhona inhlabathi enomhlabathi obuncithakalo - ngenxa yokuwohloka okuncane kule hlobo lomhlabathi, i-methane ekhishweyo kanye ne-hydrogen sulfide izolimaza kakhulu izimpande zezitshalo;
  • qaphela ukufaka emgodini ngamazambane - ukutheleleka kwesilonda kungenzeka.
Sethemba ukuthi sikwazi ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi umquba wehhashi ungumanyolo omuhle kakhulu futhi osebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni kokulima kanye nokulima. Ensimini enezelayo, ngaphandle kwamazambane, amakhabe, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, nesipinashi kahle kakhulu.

Sebenzisa kuso kusayithi lakho noma cha, unquma. Njengoba nje ukhetha ukuthi uyothola kanjani - uzoyiqoqa futhi uyigcine ngokwakho noma uyithenge emaphaketheni esitolo.