I-almond isitshalo esincane kodwa esiyigugu kakhulu noma isitshalo esiyisihlobo seplamu. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ama-alimondi akuzona amantongomane; yizithelo zamatshe ezinzima. I-Asia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalesi sitshalo, kodwa njengamanje ama-alimondi akhule ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, ikhulile ngempumelelo kwezinye izifunda zase-United States, ezintabeni zaseTien Shan, e-China, eYurophu, ama-almond ajwayelekile emazweni aseMedithera naseCrimea, naseCaucasus , njengoba kuyaziwa, itholakala ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-Asia neYurophu.
I-almond ikhulela emaqenjini amancane emithameni yamadwala kunokuba iphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle. Ikhetha izindawo zelanga futhi ingesabi isomiso, ibe nesimiso sezimpande esithuthukile. Lesi sitshalo singabandeki, kodwa asibekezelele isithwathwa ngesikhathi sokukhula. Inhlabathi yama-alimondi kumele ibe ne-calcium eningi. Izimbali ezikhanyayo ezinhlanu ziqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwebusika - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti izithelo zivela ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuphila okuphakathi komuthi kuyinkulungwane eyikhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-alimondi ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isikhathi se-fruiting - kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyamashumi amathathu - iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. I-almond iyisitshalo esiphambanisiwe. 
Izithelo zama-alimondi zinohlaza, zimbozwe amafayili amancane, afana nesimo se-apricot, esilandelayo lapho kukhula ngokugcwele kuphazamisa isikhwama sangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, izithelo ze-alimondi zifana ne nut, nakuba isitshalo ngokwaso asiyona nut. Izithelo zama-alimondi zihlwabusayo kakhulu, zidla futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zinomsoco - inani lamafutha kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi lifinyelela cishe kuma-70%, amaprotheni - kufika ku-35%. Ngomsoco, ama-alimondi ayidluli nje kuphela izithelo nemifino evamile kithi, kodwa ngisho nangokolweni, inyama yenkomo, ubisi nezinhlanzi.
Futhi kuma-alimondi amaningi amavithamini nama-microelements, ngenxa yokuthi udokotela owaziwayo wase-Ibn Sina (u-Avicenna) owaziwayo wasebenzisa lesi sitshalo ekwelapheni isibindi, uphiko nezinso. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, ama-alimondi aboniswa abantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-asthmatics nezilonda, futhi bayathathwa ngenxa yesisu somzimba, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, nokukhathala okwesaba. Lesi sitshalo siyancenga futhi sikhuthaze ubuchopho kanyekanye.
Amafutha om-alimondi ahlanza isisu kanye nezinso, anciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol embi, isetshenziselwa ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi, ukuhlunga okuhlukahlukene, ngisho nokufaka ekwelapheni izifo ezithile ezingokwemvelo. Kukholelwa ukuthi amafutha e-almond asiza ukuqeda ama-age, ama-freckles kanye nama-dandruff (uma uxubha newayini bese uwagcoba izinwele zakho), futhi uthathe ngokukhwehlela okuqinile.
Izithelo zama-alimondi ziphakeme ngama-kilojoule, ngakho akufanele zisetshenziswe kabi. Noma kunjalo, ukwakheka okulinganiselayo kwalezi zithelo kuvumela ngisho nabantu ababhekene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ukuthatha isibalo ngaphandle kokwesaba okukhethekile.
Kubalulekile! Ama-almond angama-almond angapheli aqukethe i-cyanide, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acussic acid enobuthi iyatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo. Izithelo ezinjalo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela futhi emva kokuhamba phambili. I-Glycoside ne-amygdalin, equkethwe ngobuningi ezitsheni zama-alimondi, ziyabulala abantu, ngoba ukuqala komphumela obulalayo kuwanele ukudla kuphela okusanhlamvu ezimbalwa kuphela.
I-almond iyinhlanganisela enhle kakhulu ekutheni i-confectionery ifakwe. Ihlehlisa futhi ikhulise ukunambitheka kwama-chocolate kanye namanye amaswidi, iphinde yengezwe kuma-marmalade ahlukahlukene, ama-jams, ama-pastes, ama-curse we-cheese ne-ayisikhilimu. Ufulawa wama-alimondi njengendlela yokugcoba ufulawa wekolweni isetshenziselwa amaqebelengwane ama-gourmet kanye nama-pastry zokupheka. I-pasta ilungiswa kusuka emaqanda a-alimondi achotshoziwe, okuyisidlo esizimele, kanye nesithako sokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kweminye imikhiqizo futhi igcwalise ngokuvutha okuhlukile oku-almond.Uyazi? Ufulawa wama-alimondi kanye nama-marzipan okwenziwe ngesisekelo wasetshenziselwa ngaphambili ukwelashwa kwezifo zengqondo. Eminyakeni yokulamba, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephakeme, yayisetshenziswe nsuku zonke ukwenza isinkwa njengengxenye yefulawa ovamile.
Lapho ukutshala ama-alimondi
Nakuba ama-alimondi akwazi ukubekezelela isomiso, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungalimaza kakhulu lesi sitshalo - kunciphisa ukukhula futhi kuqala ukuchitha amaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho, ukuvunwa kuncishisiwe, hhayi kuphela kulo nyaka, kodwa okulandelayo. Futhi, ukukhiqiza kwehla kukhanya kancane, lapho ama-alimondi ekhula ezindaweni ezithuthukiswe ezinye izitshalo noma izakhiwo.
Lezi zici kufanele zicutshangelwe uma wenza isinqumo ngokuzaliswa kwama-alimondi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zokutshala
Ngaphambi kokukhula kwama-alimondi, kubalulekile ukucacisa injongo yokutshala futhi, kuye ngokuthi lokhu, ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane zama-alimondi, kodwa okuvame kakhulu yi-almond. Ukuphakama kwalo kungafinyelela amamitha ayisithupha, kodwa ezindaweni ezomile ikhula ngesihlahla esincane. Ngokuya kokunambitheka kwesithelo, baveza ama-alimondi abuhlungu, amnandi futhi ahlambalaza, konke okuhlobene nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezicatshangelwayo.
Izinhlobo ze-almond ezifana ne-Pink Fog ne-Anyuta zithandwa kakhulu, kodwa abalimi bezithelo bakhetha ukukhula nge-White Sail.
Uma inhloso yokuchibiyela i-alimondi ukuhlobisa isakhiwo, kufanele uqaphele izinhlobo ezinjenge-alimondi esine-lobed ezintathu (inomqhele omuhle kakhulu nengxenye yemitha kanye namaqabunga awela, iqhuma nge pink elikhanyayo noma izimbali ezibomvu); "Ledebura" (iphunga elikhethekile elihlukile, amaqabunga amnyama amnyama nezimbali ezinkulu ezikhanyayo pink) kanye ne "Petunnikova" (izihlahla ezihlobisa izimbali ezinemibala emihle ye-pink hue).
Yimuphi umhlabathi ofanele ukulima
Umuthi we-alimondi awukwenzi izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabathini, kungase kukhule kahle emfucumfuceni, esihlabathini nasematheni. Eqinisweni, inhlabathi ilula, ivundile futhi inamanzi amaningi.
Ngenxa yalesi sitshalo, ubumba oluyindilinga, u-saline, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi eline-chlorine, iyaqhathaniswa, isimiso saso asibekezelele imiphumela yamanzi aphansi, kanye nokungabi khona kwamandla emvelo namanzi.
Ukulima Kwe-almond
Ukuhlwanyela kanjani futhi nini ukutshala ama-alimondi
Ukunquma ukuthi ukhule kanjani umuthi wama-alimondi kuqala ngokukhetha indawo. Ngaphandle kwezidingo zokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi nokuningi kokukhanya, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngembewu ngokuvikelwa komoya okuhle. Kungcono ukubeka lesi sitshalo engxenyeni eningizimu yesakhiwo.
Ukutshala ama-alimondi kahle ekupheleni kwekwindla, etshalwe entwasahlobo isitshalo sithatha izimpande.
Kubalulekile! Kukhona enye imfihlo: kunikezwe ukuthi ama-alimondi ayikwazi ukutholakala impova ngokuzimela, kubalulekile ukutshala izinhlobo nezinhlobo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuba khona kwamanye ama-alimondi endaweni ethile eseduze akuxazulula inkinga: ukuze kutholakale impova ngempumelelo ama-alimondi, izinambuzane kudingeka zixazululwe emcimbini oseduze nesitshalo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala umuthi wama-alimondi kanje. Ukugoba okungaphezulu kwesigamu semitha ejulile bamba amamitha amabili kuya kwamatsatfu ngaphandle komunye nomunye (lokhu kungancishiswa ngezihlahla nezihlahla ezincane). Ijuba elihle noma itshe elichotshoziwe lichitheka phansi phansi emgodini, kuze kube ngu-10 cm wesihlabathi kusukela phezulu, bese kugqoka phezulu, umquba we-phosphate nomquba.
Izihlahla zifakwa ngokucophelela emgodini (intamo impande kufanele ibe yi-10-15 cm ngaphansi komhlaba), emva kwalokho umgodi ugcwala inhlabathi evundile futhi ugcwele kahle.
Umjikelezo oseduze-izimpande nomugqa wamamitha owodwa nengxenye kufanele ulandelwe. I-peat isetshenziswe kangcono kule njongo. Ukwesekwa kuqhutshwa eduze kwesipula, lapho umuthi omncane uboshwe khona ukuwuvikela emoyeni.
Imbewu ngayinye kumele iphuze kakhulu.
Ukuzalisa i-almond
Ama-alimondi asakazwa yizimbewu, ama-cuttings, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande zesitshalo.
Ukukhula kwama-alimondi kusuka emigodini
Ama-alimondi angakhula kusuka etsheni, kepha kulokhu, izici zezinto eziphilayo kanye nomkhiqizo we-alimondi zingalahleka. Ukuze kuhlwanyele imbewu ye-alimondi kangcono ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele ifakwe esixazululweni esiqinisayo futhi itshalwe kude ku-15-20 cm komunye nomunye endaweni elungiselelwe ngaphambili, echitshiwe kahle ekwindla ngasekuqaleni kwebusika kuya ku-10-15 cm ejulile. Emgodini owodwa ungafakwa emathanjeni amabili, kulokhu, emva kokuhluma kushiya isithombo esinamandla. 
Amatshe angatshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, kumele ahlungwe (ahlume ezimweni ezifana nezobusika bemvelo) esihlabathini. Le nqubo ihlala ezinyangeni ezilodwa nesigamu emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-zero kuya ku-degrees ayishumi ngaphezu kwe-zero.
Lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-10-15 cm, izimpande zesitshalo ekujuleni okufanayo kumele zihlanjululwe ngefosholo, emva kwalokho amanzi amaningi.
Ukuhluma kwezithombo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo endaweni yekolishi yezimpande, emva kwalokho i-oculant ihluma. Izithombo zonyaka zidinga ukutshalwe kabusha, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke zenze umqhele.
Ukusabalalisa kwe-cuttings ye-almond
Ukusabalalisa isihlahla sama-alimondi ngale ndlela, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukusika kwe-15-20 cm ubude (ama-nodes amabili) kunqunywa kusuka phezulu kwesitshalo futhi kufakwe isisombululo esishukumisayo samahora amaningana. Emva kwalokho, i-cuttings itshalwe inhlanganisela elungiselelwe yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat (isilinganiso esingu-1: 2) futhi ifakwe ku-abamba ukushisa okubandayo izinsuku ezingu-20-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-cuttings kufanele agxilwe ngokugcwele, ngemva kwalokho umuthi o-almond omncane uqhubeke utshalwa kuwo embhedeni wokuqeqesha.
Ukulima Kwe-almond
Uma umuthi we-alimondi uthwetshiwe kakhulu, unikeza ukukhula okuningi. Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokuqala, amahlumela anjalo angahlukaniswa, alondoloze izimpande, futhi aphinde afakwe endaweni ehlukile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-almond ngokubeka
Izithombo ze-almond nazo zingasetshenziselwa ukusakaza ngokubeka. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele uguqe phansi, ukhonjiswe ngensimbi noma isikhumba sokhuni futhi ufafaze umhlaba. Uhlelo lwempande lwamahlumela afana nalokhu luyakhiwa cishe ngonyaka, sonke lesi sikhathi sidinga ukuphuzwa njalo, ukhula oluzungezile futhi lukhula umhlabathi. Ngokulandelayo, izithombo zihlukaniswa nomuthi womama futhi zitshalwe endaweni engapheli.
Indlela yokunakekela ama-alimondi
Ukuthola isivuno esihle sama-alimondi, kubalulekile ukugcina nje imithetho yokutshala, kodwa futhi ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo esinqunyiwe ngokunakekelwa okusemandleni ensimini.
Indlela yokuphuza ama-alimondi
Ama-alimondi adinga ukuchelela okuningi kuphela uma ekhula enhlabathini enhlabathini. Ubuningi bomswakama buyingozi kakhulu kulesitshalo, kodwa ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, umuthi awuqhakazi kahle futhi awutheli izithelo. Ama-alimondi kufanele aphuze lapho inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo imisiwe ngokujulile ngamasentimitha owodwa nengxenye. Izinga lokunisela liphuma ngamalitha angu-7 kuya kwangu-10 amanzi ehlathini.
Umanyolo kanye nokudla kwe-almond
Ama-alimondi adinga amandla amaningi ukuze izithelo zenziwe kahle futhi zithelwe; Lesi sici sesitshalo sinquma i-agrotechnology yokulima kwayo. Entwasahlobo, umuthi omdala uhlotshiswe ngendaba ephilayo kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (20 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi). Ekwindla, inhlabathi kufanele idliwe nge-superphosphate kabili ne-potassium sulfate-20 g ngayinye nomunye imitha ngayinye.
Ukudubula kwama-almond
Ukusika nokusika ama-alimondi kuyasiza kakhulu kulesi sitshalo. Ngisho namagatsha ezimbali aphethwe ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa ngeke awonakalise umuthi. Qinisekisa ukususa amagatsha abonakalisiwe futhi omisiwe. Kudingekile ukwakha umuthi ngokushesha nje uma uqhubeka. Ukudubula kuyadingeka ukuze umquba we-alimondi, njengoba ukhula ngokushesha futhi ungenayo i-hairstyle efanele, uba ukhululekile. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sijabulise iso, amahlumela wonyaka kufanele athathwe.
I-Almond Grafting
Ama-alimondi angahlanganiswa hhayi kuphela esitshalweni sezinhlobo ezifanayo, kodwa nakwezinye izinhlobo ze-alimondi, kanye neplamu, i-cherry plum noma i-sloe. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu phakathi kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kusebenza ngokukhethekile. Isimo sezulu akufanele sishise kakhulu.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenkambiso, isitokisi kufanele sithululwe kahle kakhulu (amagxolo kufanele ahlukaniswe kalula) ukuze phakathi nokuhluma amagxolo ahlukaniswe kahle nokhuni. I-graft ithathwa njenge-stalk eqondile ngehlumela elifakiwe, lapho kudingeka khona ukusika ngokucophelela amaqabunga, bese ushiya, ukuze ungalimazi i-bud bud, ama-cuttings ama-millimeters ambalwa.
Endaweni yomgqa wezimpande (ukuqala kumele kuhlanjululwe ukungcola), ukushayiswa ngokuma kwencwadi ethi "T" kwenziwa ngommese obukhali, futhi endaweni lapho imizila yokuguqula iguqulwa khona, i-bark igobile kahle. Kusukela ekunqumeni okulungiselelwe, i-flap ne-bud bud inqunywe kusuka kulolo sibalo ukuze ivumelane nalokho okulungiselelwe. Uma uqeda isihlangu odinga ukusibamba, ngaphezu kwekhasika, ishidi elincane le-woody. Ukusikwa kufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-incision, ehlanganiswe ngogxolo futhi ehlanganiswe ne-bandage eqinile ye-adhesive tape noma ye-tape (izinso kufanele zihlale phezulu).
Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-2-3, isheke lokulawula senziwa: ngokugoma okuphumelelayo, iso kumele libe luhlaza futhi i-petiole izophela. Emva kwalokho amabhande angasulwa. Uma ukuhluma kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, isikhumba asifanele sisuswe ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo. Amehlo angazange athathe izimpande adinga ukubalwa kabusha.
Entwasahlobo, emva kokuvela kwamagatsha, ukukhishwa kungasuswa, isitokisi ngeso elomile lingagxiliswa ngosizo lwesiqu esilungisiwe kusengaphambili. 
Uma ukuphakama kwe-oculant kufinyelela ku-10 cm, kuyadingeka ukungezelela ngokuyihlanganisa, inqubo iphindwe okungenani kabili, njengoba ikhula. Amahlumela, anikezela isitoko, kufanele asuswe, kanye namahlumela ahlangene avela oculant.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni eziseningizimu zama-alimondi, njengezitshalo eziqinile, ezingenakuzithoba kanye nezitshalo ezibandayo, zisetshenziswa njengesitokisi, ama-peaches nama-apricot ahlanganiswa kuwo, azizwa ngokuqiniseka kulokhu kusekelwa.
I-almonding
Ama-alimondi angaphansi kwezitshalo ezinganqamuki, kodwa uma amaqhwa ebusika ewela ngezansi -15 ° ะก, amathiphu amagatsha amancane nezimbali zezimbali angase ashise eduze kwesihlahla. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ekupheleni kwehlobo, kunconywa ukuba uqede ukuphela kwamahlumela e-alimondi. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo siyanciphisa ukukhula, izinkuni zalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, zikhula kangcono, ngokuphathelene nokuthi i-almond izuza kanjani ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa.
