Uhlu lwamakhowe ayingozi futhi anobuthi ngencazelo nesithombe

Kule nhlobo engajwayelekile yezinhlobo zamakhowe (ngaphezulu kuka-100,000) emahlathini ethu, abaqoqi be-mushroom bangahlangabezana nezinhlobo ezingu-700 kuphela. Okumangazayo ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-400 kubo kukhona anobuthi. Futhi nakuba "ukuzingela okuthulile" kwamakhowe kungabonakali kuyingozi njengoba ukuphishekela ama-tigers nama-rhino, ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezingahlaselwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izakhiwo ezinobungozi zamakhowe

I-toxins equkethwe ku-fungi yenza ngendlela ehlukile: ezinye zibonisa umphumela we-gastroenterotrophic (i-disorder ye-digestive system), ezinye - i-hepatonephrotoxic (umonakalo ezinso, isibindi). Kungalimaza inhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa. Ngokuvamile, amakhowe anobuthi angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu ngohlobo.: ekhiqiza uketshezi kokudla, okwenza kube khona ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa futhi isifo esinobuthi obubulalayo.

Uyazi? OhI-bottom toadstool encane ephansi ingabulala abantu abane. Umkami ka-Emperor, uClaudius, wayibulala umyeni wakhe ngesobho esivela e-toadstool ephuzi.

Kuya amakhowe anobuthi obubulalayo faka nalawo aqukethe:

I-Phallotoxin i-poisons (i-cyclopeptides). Faka emahlathini amancane, ama-toadstools, i-galerinas, izinhlobo ezikhethekile zefungi, izambulela. Izimpawu ezingathandeki zenzeka emva kwamahora angu-6-24, kancane kancane ngemva kwamahora angu-48. Umuntu uhlushwa ukuhlanza, uhudo, ukoma, ukuxubana, umchamo njalo. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinsuku ezintathu kuthatha indawo yokuthuthukisa ephela ngo-jaundice; ngenxa yalokho, isisulu sifa ngokuphahla kwesibindi. Ngokuvamile abaqashi be-mushroom badibanisa izikhukhula ezinamacembe ezinama-russula, ama-toadstools amhlophe - anama-mushroom.
Funda ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-toadstool evelele.
I-poison monomethylhydrazine. Kutholakale emigqeni nakweminye imindeni yamakhowe (eg, paddocks). Izimpawu zobuthi ziyenzeka ngemuva kwamahora angu-6-12, ngezinye izikhathi emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. Ukhanda, u-colic, ukuhlanza, isizungu, ubuthakathaka buhlala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Isibindi singasebenzi, i-jaundice ivela. Ukufa kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi buyancipha kalula uma kupheka imizuzu engu-15 (geza amanzi, hlanza, ubilise - futhi ungadla). Amakhomikhali e-lobster
Ama-poisoni afana ne-orellanin, i-cortinarin, i-grimmaline. Iqukethe iwebhu ye-spider kanye ne-fibre. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-14 futhi kamuva, kunomzwa womlomo omile, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, nokuvuthwa okunamandla. Umsebenzi wezinso usuphelile. Ukushisa akukona ukuhlinzeka ngemithi futhi kuyingozi. Amakhowe anobuthi ayengavamile ukudideka neqembu elidliwayo le-spider webs.
I-alkaloid muscarine. Itholakale ngokuyinhloko emakhowe amakhulu, njengama-conical agwetshiwe, izitini ezigundiwe, ezigcoke nge-beetroot, ezimhlophe ezigundile, ezibomvu ezibomvu, ezinobumba obomvu obucwebeziwe, kanye nabamele abaningana be-ryadovok (inhlebo). I-funnels ine-concentration encane: ukukhukhumeza, ukuhola okumhlophe, imifula, insimu. Ngomthamo omncane onamakhowe omuscarine omnyama namakhowe ase-panther. Ngemizuzu eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye (kwenzeka emashumini amane), i-eyesight yehla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha, ukuphefumula, imfiva ibonakala, ubuso bugcwele ubomvu, amathe kanye nokujuluka kudlula umkhuba. Ubhekisela ekubulaleni. I-antidote i-atropine. Kusukela kumakhambi omuntu kusiza itiye ngesisekelo semifino ye-herbladonna.
Ama-lectin (amakhemikhali akhethekile). Lesi sici asibhujiswa ngokubilisa. Ikhonjiswe engxenyeni encane yengulube. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuqala kokuchithwa ngemuva kokuthatha amakhowe akunakwenzeka ukukhombisa - kunezimo zokubonakaliswa eminyakeni embalwa. Kukhona ubuhlungu esiswini, isifo sohudo, isizungu, umkhuhlane. Okulandelayo ukuhluleka kwezinso. Ingulube

Ukuphazamisa isimiso sezinzwa faka amakhowe aqukethe:

Koprin enobuthi. Kutholakala kumakhowe omunwe. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kwenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka utshwala ngemuva kokudliwa kwamakhowe, ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ukuvuthwa, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ubomvu kuwo wonke umzimba, ukuzwa ukwesaba, injabulo eyedlulele kanye neziqhwa zenzeka. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, zonke izibonakaliso ziyayeka, kepha zingase ziqalise ngomthamo omusha wobutshwala. Ngenxa yalokho, izibungu zezibungu zibhekwa njengendlela yokwelapha utshwala. Amakhowe adle amabhungane
Ibotenic acid, mycoatropin, muscimol. Kukhona i-mushroom futhi i-mizen ihlanzekile. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-30 (ngezinye izikhathi amahora amabili) emva kokungena kwamakhowe anobuthi, kukhona ukuvuthwa okuqinile (okukhumbuza umphumela wotshwala), ukwanda kwenhliziyo nokukhukhumeza. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, izimpawu ziyanyamalala. Ubuthi obunjalo abubulali. Hlanza
Ubuthi obuthi bufotenin. Kutholakala ku-porphyry amanita. Kuyingozi uma isetshenziswe ngokweqile; ezincane kakhulu kubangela umphumela we-psychedelic. Porphyry Amanita

Ukubangela uketshezi kokudla kufaka amakhoweequkethe izinto ezingaziwa ezingabangela ukukhathazeka kwesisu nesisu emathunjini. Zikhona emasimini amhlophe aphuzi, ama-foam e-bread, ama-entolomas. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 (noma amahora amabili), ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ikhanda, kanye ne-colic. Imiphumela ebulalayo ingagwenywa ezimweni eziningi.

Kubalulekile! Akuvunyelwe ukufuna amakhowe ezindaweni zokulahlwa kwezidakamizwa zezimboni, eduze kwamathrekhi kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu, ngenxa yobungqayizivele bamakhowe aqoqa izinsimbi ezinzima. Lezi zinsuku ziveza uketshezi olufanayo njengobuthi obuqukethwe amakhowe.

Amakhowe anobuthi: amagama nezithombe

Amakhowe anobuthi awunaso ukubukeka okwesabekayo futhi akanakho iphunga elimnandi (ngaphandle kwe-Amanita epholile). Ngakho-ke, kuvinjelwe ngokungathí sina ukuthatha izinto ezingathandabuzeki, ungazijwayele ngokuphelele izipho zehlathi. Ukuzibona "ebusweni" - indlela enokwethenjelwa yokuvikela ngokumelene nobuthi.

I-pig

Ingulube incane.

I-Alder izingulube (zilimaza izinso futhi zishintshe izici zekhwalithi zegazi). Alder izingulube

Hlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingulube.

I-Gall mushroom

Kubonakala sengathi i-mushroom emhlophe, kodwa ngokungafani nayo inomundu omnyama emlenzeni nasemlenzeni obomvu.

I-grebe yama-Pale

Ziyizidlo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezivame ukudliwa, ngakho-ke zidlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ngenani labahlukumezekile.

Amanita

Amanita obomvu. Amanita panther. Amanita omhlophe. Amanita smelly. Amanita amakhowe. I-Royal Amanita. Porphyry Amanita. U-Amanita ophuzi okhanyayo.

Ukuphakama

Ukuphakamisa okunobuthi. Umugqa omhlophe.

Zijwayele ngezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-ryadovok njenge-ryadovaya poplarina ne-ryadovka grey (amakhowe amakhowe).

Ukuphakama okukhonjisiwe. I-Tiger idonsa. Ryadovka spotty.

Amakhowe kaSathane

I-Scapular

I-Dummybird igrey-yellow. I-foam yomlenze imilenze ende. I-Mossy i-foam foam.

Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani u-foam osuka kuma-agarics ajwayelekile, futhi ufunde ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi uzothena ngamakhowe kaSathane.

Champignon

I-champignon ephuzi. I-Flathead i-champignon. Champignon motley.

Galerina

I-Galerina igxile. Galerina marsh. Galerina moss

Uyazi? Amakhomikhali awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yizilwane, noma isitshalo. Ukuthola ngokwabo izimfanelo zombili, bangabombuso ohlukile wezinto eziphilayo.

I-Talker

Govorushka brown yellow. I-Govorushka ihlanzekile. I-Govorushka ishintshiwe. Golovushka ukhohliwe. Ukukhuluma nge-wax Ubuso bokukhuluma.

Ama-fibers

Ama-fibers abukhali. I-Fiber Patuiar. I-fiber ebumba. Okufanayo okunembile. I-Fiber fibrous. Ama-fibers aqhekekile. Ama-anyanisi e-Fiber. Ama-fibers aphukile.

I-Mycena

I-Mycene i-bluish. I-Mycena iyin pink.

Imigqa

Imigqa ijwayelekile. Imigqa ye-autumn.

I-Borovik

I-Boletus inhle. I-Borovik Le Gal. I-Boletus ebomvu. I-Boletus pink-purple. I-boletus ephuziwe pink.

Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo ze-borovik ezidliwayo, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungangeni kanjani emabhokisini amanga.

Umbrella

Isambulela esikalini. Isambulela se-Chestnut. Isambulela sikaMorgan.

I-spider web

I-Spider web teddy. Imbuzi yewebhu. I-Cobweb enhle. Iwebhu iyisihlambi esincane. I-Spider web marsh. I-Spiderweb ivila. I-spiderweb igazi ebomvu. Spiderweb pasynkovidny. Ipaki yewebhu.

Russula

Macra Russula.

Lepiota

Lepiota enobuthi. I-comb lepiota. I-Lepiota ifaka Lepiota scaly. I-Lepiota iyi-spore ekhukhumezayo. Lepiota Bredissona.

I-entolome

I-entomum inobuthi. Inhlobo yentwasahlobo. I-entolomum iqoqwe. I-entomoma ivikela isihlangu.

Kuhloswe kahle

I-Gebelom

I-gebeloma lwesinaphi. Ukunamathela kwe-Gebelom. I-Gebelom ayitholakali. Gebelom olerablazhivaya.

Omphalotus

Omphalotus oleaginous.

Strofariya umqhele

I-Leptonia emhlophe

I-hygrocybe ehambisanayo

Scaly gomfus

Negniyuchnik iphunga

Usizo lokuqala lwe-mushroom poisoning

Uma kubonakala izimpawu zobuthi, udokotela udinga ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwakhe, kufanele ulale futhi wenze lokhu okulandelayo:

baphuze ilitha namanzi abandayo, itiye eliqiniwe eliqinile;
ungenalutho isisu ngokuhlanza (ukwenza lokhu, ungachofoza emmpandeni wolimi futhi ubangele i-reflex emetic);
uma kungekho isifo sohudo, sebenzisa i-laxative (1-2 g ngalinye nge-1 kg yesisindo);
uthathe amaphilisi e-carbon esebenzayo ngesilinganiso sika-0.5-1 g ngalinye ngesisindo se-1 kg;
sebenzisa isibambo sokushisa esiswini nasemilenzeni (ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi).

Odokotela base-Ambulance bayokuthatha lesi sigameko esibhedlela ukuze baqhutshekwe ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngabachwepheshe.

Kubalulekile! Ukulondoloza isikhunta kungabangela i-botulism ngenxa yobuningi bezintambo ezithwala isikhala emhlabathini.

Akunakwenzeka njalo ukugeza nokuhlanza amakhowe avela ezinhlakeni ezincane zomhlaba, lapho kugcinwa khona i-toxin ye-microbial. Ukwelashwa okufudumele ekhaya kuyinamandla, ukuze amagciwane ahlale. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-12, izimpawu ze-botulism zenzeka. Kulesi simo, kudinga futhi ucingo oluphuthumayo kudokotela, futhi akukho ukuzitholela!

Ukuze ukuhamba ngokuthula ehlathini kungaphendukeli inhlekelele, zizinakekele futhi ungathathi lokho ongakujwayele. Isithombe sethu sombukiso sizosiza ukukuvikela ekukhethweni okungalungile.