Kungani i-turkey poults ifa eqanda futhi yini engase ifeke ama-turkeys amancane

Lapho uzalisa ama-turkeys ungabhekana nesimo esingathandeki lapho inzalo yenyoni ifa. Lokhu kungenzeka kokubili ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kombungu ngaphakathi kweqanda, naseziqenjini zokuqala zokuphila ngemva kokuqothuka kwezinkukhu. Ngenxa yokungakwazi nokungazi, abalimi bezinkukhu bavame ukwenza amaphutha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezinsana emhlabeni. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukulahlekelwa kwemfuyo ezayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ngezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa kwezinsana kanye nesikhathi sokulungisa izimo zokutshala nokunakekelwa - lokhu kubuye kulesi sihloko.

Okuqukethwe:

• Ukuphazamiseka kokushisa
• Umswakama ophezulu noma ophansi
• Ukuphenduka okunganele
• Amaqanda selehlile ngenkathi kudluliselwa ukukhishwa
• Ukulimala ukudluliselwa kokukhipha
• Ukuntuleka Kwemvelo
• Isitoreji eside seqanda
• Yini engenza izinkukhu ezincane ze-turkey
• Ukungahambisani nokushisa
• Ukungondleki
• Amanzi amabi
• Izifo

Kungani izinkukhu zifa eqanda

Ukuze uthole inzalo, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho yokutshala kabusha. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, leli hen lidala ngokuzimela izimo ezifanele amaqanda okushisa, umswakama, ngisho nokuguqula amaqanda ngosizo lomlomo walo. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa i-incubator, udinga ukusetha yonke imingcele ngokwakho, futhi kufanele isondelane nemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uyazi? I-turkeys zasendle ingahlakulela ezindizayo isheshayo kufika ku-88 km / h, futhi ngenkathi egijima - kuze kube ngu-40 km / h. Izinkukhu azinalo amakhono anjalo.

Ukuphazamiseka kokushisa

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokubhubhisa ukufa ngaphansi kwegobolondo kungukushisa okungafanelekile okubekwe khona lapho amatshitshi azayo angaphezu kuka-overcool noma ngaphezulu. Ukushisa ngokweqile kuyingozi nakakhulu kuze kube sekukhuleni kwe-embryo yobudala beviki, ukuphuza amanzi (ukulinganisela) kuholela ekuthuthukiseni kancane kancane kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula, kanti nokuphuza okuphawulekayo izinkukhu ziyafa. Ukuphulwa kombuso kungenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo:

1. Ekuqaleni faka ukushisa okungalungile kwamaqanda.
2. Indawo engalungile yezinzwa zokushisa. Isibonelo, uma izinzwa (noma i-thermometers) zitholakala eduze kwe-fan, izibalo zizocatshangelwa, uma ziphakeme kakhulu eduze kwezinto zokushisa.
3. Amazinga okushisa ahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-incubator. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaqanda atholakala eduze nezici zokushisa azothola ukushisa okungaphezulu kunamaqanda akude.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nezici ze-poukts ezikhulayo ze-turkey ku-incubator.

Uma izinkukhu zikwazi ukusinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezingajwayelekile zokushisa, ungabona ukuphutha okunjalo:

• ngokushisa - ukukhishwa ngamapulangwe ngaphambi kwesimiso, ube nempumputhe empofu, emincane futhi enobuthakathaka obuthakathaka;
• nge-underheating - ama-nest hatch kamuva emva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, anezinqwaba ezincane, ama-paws aminyene, angadonseli esikhwameni se-yolk. Uma izinga lokushisa linganele, amatshwane angadonsa emgodini egobolondo lomoya, kodwa angaphumi eqanda.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yikuphi izinga lokushisa okudingekayo uma ufaka ama-turkeys, hlola itafula (umehluko phakathi kwe-thermometer eyomile neyemanzi ingenxa yemimoya ehlukile ye-humidity):

Uma izinzwa zokushisa zitholakala ngokungalungile, kubalulekile ukukala izinkomba ezingeni legobolondo futhi eduze nensora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zibalo kufanele zirekhodwe futhi ziqondiswe phambili kuzo. Futhi, ngokushayela nokupholisa ngalunye kudingekile ukuthi uhleleke ngokucophelela amaqanda - ukuwahambisa aphakathi nendawo emaphethelweni futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-hen ixuba amaqanda okushisa / ukupholisa okufanayo.

Kubalulekile! Le lokushisa lokushisa kungatholakala ngokulinganisa ezingeni lamaqanda ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zethreyi.

Umswakama ophezulu noma ophansi

Umswakama womoya nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqhutsheni izinkukhu. Uma amaphuphu asaphila ekuhlukumezeni umbuso womswakama, isithombe esilandelayo singabonwa:

• umswakama obanele - i-young hatch emva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, inesisindo esincane se-yolk esele, kukhona ukuntuleka kwesisindo, ukukhula okuncane. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuyingozi kakhulu ezimweni zokugcina zokufakelwa ngaphakathi - ngenxa yobomvu bomoya, igobolondo iyanzima kakhulu, ngaleyondlela yenza kube nzima ukuba umntwana abambelele futhi akhululwe kugobolondo;
• umswakama owedlulele - amatshwele angomuso azwela kakhulu umswakama owedlule phakathi nentuthuko (izinsuku ezingu-10-20). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-allantois ivaliwe, futhi ukususwa komswakama ongaphezu kweqanda kubalulekile. Lapho umswakama obuningi okhungwini lweqanda ugcinwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu kuphuza phansi, kungcolile kahle futhi kuluhlaza. Umsele othize ubambelela izinyosi, ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukukhetha kusuka eqanda, u-fluff wabo ungcolisiwe futhi unamathele.

Amazinga omswakama ngesikhathi sokutshala izikhumba ze-turkey:

Ukuze unqume umswakama ngaphakathi kwedivayisi, ungasebenzisa i-hygrometer noma imitha yamanzi. Lawa madivaysi ayabizi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-microclimate eyanele yamatshitshi.

Kungase kube usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ngamadivayisi adingekayo wokufaka amaqanda amafutha: i-hygrometer, i-psychrometer, i-thermostat.

Uma izinkomba zingavumelani nemigomo, kuyadingeka ukuthi usethe inani elidingekayo kudivayisi. Futhi, umswakama ungashintshwa ngesandla: ngamazinga aphansi, ufake izitsha zokufakelwa amanzi ngamanzi, ufeze amaqanda nsuku zonke. Ukunciphisa umswakama, ukunciphisa izinga lamanzi emathangi okufakelwa i-incubator; ubeke indwangu, i-gauze noma uboya bekotini ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. I-hygrometer isetshenziselwa ukunquma umswakama ku-incubator.

Ukuphenduka okunganele

Ukuqakatheka kwe-turkey ukukhulelwa kwezinkukhu ukuthi badinga ukuguqula amaqanda kaningi kunezinye izinkukhu. Ukuphulwa kombuso wokuqothulwa kuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwemibungu engxenyeni yokuqala yentuthuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlola iqanda e-ovoscope, umuntu angaqaphela ukuthi i-clot inamathele kanjani kugobolondo ngenxa yokushisa kwalolu hlangothi lweqanda. Ukuze ugweme isimo esinjalo, kufanele uhambisane ngqo nombuso wokushaya:

• Izinsuku ezingu-1-14 zokukhungathwa: ukukhishwa njalo ngamahora amathathu;
• Izinsuku ezingu-15-25 zokugxilwa: ukukhishwa izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ngosuku;
• Izinsuku ezingu-25-28: ukuqina kwamaqanda.

Amaqanda selehlile ngenkathi kudluliselwa ukukhishwa

Ku-incubators, okubandakanya amakhabhinethi abalulekile kanye nalabo abathintekayo, amaqanda esikhathini sokugcina ukukhushulwa (izinsuku ezingu-25-26) kufanele athuthelwe ekamelweni lokuhlaselwa. Lokhu kungenzeka kwimodi ye-manual ne-othomathikhi. Uma uwahlola ngaphambi kokuhambisa amaqanda, nemibungu yayisaphila, futhi ngemva kokubekwa egumbini lokuqothula, bafa, imbangela kaningi i-hypothermia. Isibonelo, nawe uvame ukuvula umculi, ugijima emoyeni abandayo futhi uphazamise izinga lokushisa nomswakama. Izinkukhu nazo zingahle ziphole phansi futhi zife ekamelweni eliyinhloko ngenkathi zigcwalisa amathrekhi omculi.

Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukuthatha izinkukhu ngaphandle komculi okungaphezu kabili ngosuku: ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Ukuze uvimbele iphutha elinjalo, udinga ukuhlela ngokucacile inqubo yokudlulisa amaqanda kumculi:

1. Geza bese usulalisa i-hatcher ngaphambi kwenqubo yokudlulisa bese usetha ukushisa okufunayo lapho.
2. Ukushisa ekamelweni akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-25-28 ° C.
3. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa kokukhipha kanye namabhabhinethi amakhulu. Umkhiqizi angenza izincomo ngokuphathelene nokuhamba kwamakolishi noma ukulandelana kwamathrekhi okuqedile.
4. IKhabhinethi yokufakelwa igesi ingasuswa kuphela emva kokuba zonke (ama) amaqanda asusiwe kuwo.
5. Ngaphandle kwamaqanda ama-incubator akufanele abe nemizuzu engaphezu kwengu-30.

Ukulimala ukudluliselwa kokukhipha

Ngokuphatha ngokungenandaba noma okunamandla, igobolondo noma uhlelo lokujikeleza kwemibungu eqanda lingalimala uma lidluliselwa ekuqothulweni.

Futhi, amaqanda angonakaliswa ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwe-incubator. Ukuvimbela le nkinga, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela imiyalelo yedivayisi. Uma une-incubator enkulu (amaqanda ama-50 noma ngaphezulu), umuntu onamandla angokwenyama kufanele abhekane nokulayishwa nokulayishwa. Umshini wokugcoba uyanciphisa kakhulu amaphesenti amaqanda awonakele, uma isetshenziswa kahle.

Ukuntuleka Kwemvelo

Ukwehluleka kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ze-vitamin-mineral kuphrotheni kanye ne-yolk kungabangela ukufa kwezinkukhu noma ukukhathazeka okukhulu okuthuthukiswayo:

• ukwehla, ukuphuza ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuleni;
• isikhundla esingalungile eqanda (ukuntuleka kwevithamini A, B12);
• okuphansi;
• ukubola kwe-embryo (ukuntuleka kwe-niacin, i-biotin, i-manganese, i-magnesium, i-zinc).

Ukuze uvimbele lesi simo, kufanele uhambisane nezindlela eziqinile lapho ukhetha i-turkey ukuze uthole amaqanda. Inyoni kufanele ibe nempilo, idle kahle, kufanele ibe yindoda eqinisekisiwe, lapho esikhathini esedlule sakwazi ukuthola inzala evamile.

Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi sinquma kanjani ubulili bama-poults.

Ngesikhathi se-oviposition, kubalulekile ukulandela isisindo se-feathered, ukungena kuwo ama-vitamin nama-mineral supplements. Uma ukhetha amaqanda, kufanelekile ukuhlola amaqanda nge-ovoscope nokulahla izibonelo ezingezansi.

Isitoreji eside seqanda

Ukuphila okuphezulu kweshefu ngaphambi kokufakwa ku-incubator izinsuku ezingu-10, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nezimo zokugcina:

• igumbi kumele limile futhi limile;
• lokushisa lokugcina isitoreji ngu-12 ° C;
• umswakama womoya - ayikho ngaphezu kwama-80%;
• Amaqanda akholwa phansi.

Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukugcina amaqanda okufakelwa ukushisa ngaphakathi esiqandisini!

Uma isikhathi eside sokuphila kwamahala amaqanda, cishe kungukuthi izinkukhu zizovela kuzo:

• ekugcineni kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5 zokuhlukunyezwa kwama-85%;
• lapho igcinwe kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10 - 73%;
• lapho igcinwe kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-15 - incishisiwe ibe ngu-62%;
• emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 zokugcina - 50%.

Yimaphi ama-turkeys amancane angaphefumula

Uma inqubo yokufaka incubation iphumelele, futhi izinkukhu ze-turkey eziphilile zazalwa, isikhathi esibucayi kunazo zonke. Phela, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinezindlela ezimbi kakhulu zokugaya ukudla, ukuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka, ukuzwela kwezifo nezimo ezimbi zokuboshwa. Okulandelayo, cabangela izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa kwezinyoni ezincane.

Funda ukuthi ungayenza kanjani i-turkey poults yama-brooch ngezandla zakho.

Ukungahambisani nokushisa

Ukufudumala okwanele kubalulekile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Uma kuqhwaza ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zizokwehla ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, zithole isisindo kabi, ezimweni ezimbi zingase zife.

Izindlela zokushisa izikhukhukazi zaseTurkey:

Uyazi? I-Baked turkey epulazini kwakungukudla kokuqala uNeil Armstrong ngenyanga.

Izibani ezivamile kagesi zisetshenziselwa ukushisa. Ukuze ulawule izinga lokushisa, kubalulekile ukwenza izilinganiso nge-thermometer eduze kwezinto zokushisa futhi ekugcineni kwe-brooder. Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha kwezinkukhu endaweni ehamba phambili, singaphetha ngokududuza umbuso wokushisa noma ukuyilungisa:

• uma izinkukhu zisebenza, zishaya, zibonisa isithakazelo ekudleni, zihlukaniswe ngokufanayo endaweni ehamba phambili, khona-ke umbuso wokushisa ulungile;
• uma izinsana zitholakala emaphethelweni ebhokisi, cishe ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kuleso sakhiwo sokushisa, zibukeka zilukhuni, ziphefumulela kanzima, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphakeme;
• uma izingane zihlanganiswa eduze nesibani - azifudumale ngokwanele, izinga lokushisa kudingeka liphakanyiswe.

Ukungondleki

Inkinga enkulu ekudleni akukhiqizi okwanele amaprotheni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zezolimo, ama-turkeys anamaphesenti amaprotheni ekudleni okungaba ama-25-30%.

Bheka imininingwane yokudla ama-poults nsuku zonke.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo wesiprotheni ekudleni kwezingane kufanele ube khona:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo;
• i-cottage shizi, ubisi owomile;
• amaqanda;
• inhlanzi / inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba, inyama enobisi.

Ukudla kokuqala kwezinkukhu kufanele kube: amaqanda abilisiwe, ama-fat cottage shizi, ama-millet abilisiwe, izimpaphe ze-anyanisi, ufulawa wesikolweni / ukolweni. Imvamisa yokondla eneminyaka eyi-1-10 yimizuzu eyi-10, okungukuthi, izinsana zidinga ukudliwa njalo amahora amabili.

Ividiyo: Indlela yokudla ama-poults ngosuku lokuqala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-7 Kuze kube neminyaka engama-30, inani lokuphakelayo liyancipha izikhathi ezingu-5. Qinisekisa ukuthi ekudleni kwezinyoni kufanele kube khona ukugqoka okwenziwe ngamaminerali: i-crushed shell rock (izingxenyana ezifika ku-5 mm), isikhala, usawoti usawoti.

Kubalulekile! Ukuphakela ama-poults kufanele kube ngekhwalithi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ezingxenyeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ubude bomathumbu obuhlobene nesisindo somzimba bude kunokwenyamazane endala (nge-1 g yesisindo sika-1.6 cm ubude bomathumbu), ngakho ukudla kudla isikhathi eside. Uma ukudla kunomsoco omncane, kuqala ukubabaza, ukuvuthwa nokubola ngaphakathi kwendlela yomzimba, kubangele ukuqothulwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathogenic flora nokudakwa.

Amanzi amabi

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, izinsana kufanele zibe nokufinyelela njalo emanzini ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile, afudumele, futhi akufanele kube khona ukukhuphukela emgodini wamanzi. Umswakama akufanele futhi uvunyelwe eduze komuntu ophuzayo. Uma izingane zilahliwe amanzi uma zifika ngesonto, ziqala ukuba nezinguquko ezingenakuphikisana ezingezansi esiswini, ukulinganisa kwamanzi usawoti kuphazamiseke kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla ngokushesha.

Ividiyo: Indlela yokuwazisa ama-poukts e-turkey ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zokuphila

Masinyane emva kokubeletha, anganikwa amanzi kanye noshukela (1 tsp. Ngithara), futhi emva kwamahora angu-12-24 ukudla. Kanye kanye nezinsuku ezingu-7-10, izinsana zidinga ukuthengiswa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (ngaphambi kokugaya amanzi abe ngumbane okhanyayo). Ukushisa kokuphuza kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-22-24 ° C. I-elula kunazo zonke izingane ziphuza ukuphuza, ongakwazi ngisho nokwakha ngezandla zakho.

Funda ukuthi ungayiphuza kanjani nokuthi ungayiphuza kanjani i-turkey poults ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.

Izifo

Uma izimo zokuboshwa ziphulwa, izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezingenasifo zingabangela ukufa. Ama-poults ase-Turkey azwela kakhulu ezimweni ezimbi noma ekudleni okungalungile.

Izifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke ezincane ze-turkey poults (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30):

1. I-Avitaminosis. Ungakwazi ukuphawula lesi simo ngokungahambi kahle kwekhava lezinsizi, ukuzithemba, ukukhishwa emakhaleni. Ukuvimbela izifo, kubalulekile ukuthi ufake ama-vitamin A, E, amaqembu B no-D., isibonelo, ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Chiktonik". Ngaphandle kwinkimbinkimbi yamavithamini, iqukethe amino acid ebalulekile. Isilinganiso - 1 ml ilitha yamanzi. Udinga ukuthatha izinsuku ezingu-5, ungabuyisela futhi ngenyanga.
2. Uhudo. Futhi ukuphazamiseka okuvamile ezinkukhu ezincane, imbangela inganqunywa umbala wokukhulelwa: isifo sohudo sibangelwa yimpikiswano yokudla okunomsoco; Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kuyadingeka, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi). Uma kwenzeka uhudo oluphuzi, kubalulekile ukukhipha umkhiqizo omusha ongalungile, uma ngabe ubuthi busebenza kahle ukunikeza i-Ftalazol emthamo we-1 g ngalinye ngo-10 kg wesisindo (okongezwe kokuphakelayo) isikhathi esisodwa.
3. I-Paratyphoid Izimpawu zingukuthi: isifo sohudo, ukuthukuthela, ukungaqiniseki, ukoma. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha phakathi kwemfuyo, ngakho-ke lo muntu ogulayo uyasondelwa ngokushesha. Ukulwa, ungasebenzisa i-antibiotic "Lozeval" kumthamo we-2 ml nge-10 kg wesisindo bukhoma (uphazamise ukudla), unike kanye ngosuku ngezinsuku ezingu-5.
4. I-Pullorosis. Uma lesi sifo emathunjini siqala isifo sohudo ngephunga elinamandla, kukhona ukoma, ukulala nokuphefumula okukhulu. Ukufa kwesifo kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Sebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo "iTetracycline" noma yimuphi omunye umuthi wokulwa namagciwane kuleli qembu. Isilinganiso - 40 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo (okongezwe kokuphakelayo) ekuseni nakusihlwa phakathi nesonto.

Ividiyo: Yini ebukeka njenge-Turkish turkey Njengoba ubona, ukutshala ngokuphumelelayo kwe-turkeys encane kuwumsebenzi owenza ubuhlungu obudinga ukunakwa njalo nokunakekelwa njalo. Kusukela ekubunjweni kombungu kuya enyangeni eyodwa, amatshwane azwela kakhulu, futhi ingozi yokufa kulezi zigaba iphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambisane ngokuqondile nobuchwepheshe bokufakelwa, futhi emva kokuqeda, qinisekisa izimo ezinhle zamapiko.