Idonsa likaMealy

Indlela yokuphatha nokuvimbela izifo zeklabishi

Zonke izitshalo zensimu, kufaka phakathi iklabishi, zijwayele izifo. Kulula kakhulu ukufeza izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekubhebhethekeni kwabo kunezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zazo azikwazi ukuphathwa.

Izifo ze-bacterial and viral of iklabishi: izimpawu nezindlela zokulawula

Ingxenye yonke edlayo yeklabishi ingaphezu komhlaba, ngakho-ke, ukucubungula nge-pesticides ukubulala izifo zeklabishi kusho ukulimaza impilo yakho. Izinto ezinobuthi ezinobungozi emzimbeni womuntu, ezongena emaqabungeni, zibuthe lapho futhi zihlale phakade. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela, ikakhulukazi izindlela zabantu, kuhlale kunenzuzo.

I-bacteriosis e-mucous

Isifo esinjalo seklabishi, njengoba i-bacteriosis enamaqabunga kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngesikhatsi isitoreji, lapho umbuso wokushisa uphakanyiswa kakhulu. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yebhaktheriya futhi sithola ngezindlela ezimbili: amaqabunga angaphandle abola, iphunga elimnandi livela kubo, khona-ke isiqu siqala ukubola; Inketho yesibili - iqala ukubola kusukela ekhanda, i-mucus isakhiwe, khona-ke amahlamvu ashintshiwe. Izithuba zalesi sifo zifaka isandla ekwenzeni okukhulu kakhulu kwe-nitrogen, imvula enamandla noma ukuchelela, ukungahambisani nokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ukuvimbela nokulawula kufanele:

  • ukuhluma izinhlobo ze-hybrid ezingenasifo,
  • ukuqeda izinambuzane kulo lonke isikhathi,
  • ungaphazamisi ukujikeleza kwezitshalo
  • disinfect isivuno lapho sigcinwa khona,
  • gcina izimo zokugcina izinga lokushisa
  • ukucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala,
  • ukuphatha izimpande zezithombo ("Fitoflavin-300").

I-bacteriosis ye-Vascular

Iklabishi i-bacteriosis ivela kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa: lesi sifo siwela esihlahleni ezinambuzane noma ngesikhathi semvula. Kuboniswe ngokuphuziza kweqabunga elithintekile, bese lifaka umnyama kulo. Ngemva kwalokho, amaqabunga amnyama ngokuphelele futhi afe. Inkinga ukuthi i-bacterium esebenzayo ihlala enhlabathini iminyaka emibili. Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela:

  1. Ukutshala ama-hybrids, ziphikisa kakhulu;
  2. Sitshala endaweni efanayo okungenani iminyaka emine;
  3. Isikhathi sokususa ukhula.
Kungenzeka ukwelapha ngesisombululo esingu-0.1% "Binoram", ufafaza izithombo nge-0.2% "Fitoflavin-300", izimpande zezithombo zingagonywa kwisisombululo esifanayo. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ukumiswa kwegalikhi.

Iklabishi ngomongo

Lesi sifo sesandulela ngculaza sisakazwa ngokhula lomndeni we-cruciferous, othintekayo ngama-aphid. Okokuqala, izitshalo zeklabishi zikhazimulayo, bese uyeka ukukhula, futhi iqabunga ligcwala. Ukuvimbela ukulwa nama-aphid nokhula, lesi sifo asikwazi ukuphathwa. Amakhanda abathintekayo kumele agubwe futhi ashiswe.

Izifo ze-fungal of iklabishi: izimpawu nezindlela zokulwa

Cishe zonke izifungi zihlanjululwa emvelweni onomswakama, ngesitoreji esingalungile noma ukunganakwa kwembewu yokuhlunga imbewu noma izithombo.

I-Alternaria (indawo emnyama)

Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibonakala ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo nezitshalo ezivunyiwe. Imivimbo emnyama namabala avela ezitshalweni, okubangela ukubola. Ezitshalweni ezikhulile, amabala ahambisana nesimo se-soot. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlasela kuwela ngaphakathi kwekhanda, okubuye kuhambisane nezindawo ezivula amaqabunga. Izenzo zokuvimbela: ukwelashwa kwe-hydrothermal imbewu noma ukwelashwa kwabo nge-TMTD, ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo nokususwa okwesikhashana kokhula. Ngenkathi yokukhula ingelashwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.

Ukubola okumhlophe

Lesi sifo siqala esimweni sezulu esinomsoco nesipholile, ngesikhathi sekhanda. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zalesi sifo zivele zivele kusitoreji. I-Mucus ibonakala emaqabunga, futhi amaphuzu amnyama ama-spores ale fungus akhula azungeze lesi sifo.

Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukuvimbela igciwane lesisitoreji endaweni yokugcina; udinga kuphela ukuvuna endaweni eyomile, ushiye amamitha amathathu wekhanda emhlabathini kanye namaqabunga ambalwa aphansi. Uma ukutheleleka kutholakala endaweni yokugcina, izindawo ezithintekile zisuswe futhi zihlanganiswe ngesiki.

Ukugqwala okumhlophe

I-agent causative ye-fungus iyinambuzane, ehlwanyelwe ukhula. Ukuthuthukiswa kusizwa isimo sezulu esimanzi noma ukutholakala kwamanzi emaqabunga. Izingxenye ezithintekayo zeklabishi ziba yinyama, emaphethelweni amaqabunga ama-curl. Ukuvimbela: ukubhujiswa kokhula, ukuhluma kusuka ezinambuzane ngaphambi kokutshala. Izitshalo zezinhlamvu zingasetshenziswa nge-Ridomil Gold.

I-Quila

I-agent causative ye-keel eklabishi yi-cystospores ye-fungus ephansi egcinwe enhlabathini. Ubuqili besifo ukuthi ekuqaleni kunzima ukubona. Ungayithola kuphela ngokumba iklabishi, ezimpandeni zayo kuyoba nokukhula kwamasayizi ahlukene. Isibonakaliso sesifo - amaqabunga aphihlizayo. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ezimweni ezimanzi, ezipholile, nezitshalo ezithintekayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola izithombo. Ukuze uvimbele umonakalo kusuka ku-keel, ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi nge-lime e-slaked kuzosiza; i-fungicides ingasetshenziswa futhi.

Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukuthi amaqabunga abathintekayo kufanele anikezwe wonke ukuze athole izinkomo. I-fungus izongena kumquba, ngokuqhubekayo kumbuthano.

I-Downy isikhutha (i-perinospora)

Ukutheleleka nge-peronosporosis kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imbewu noma inhlabathi. Zombili izithombo kanye iklabishi omdala bayagula. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivela emaqabunga amancane njengamabala aphuzi ngaphandle kweqabunga. Ngokusakazeka kwesifo emaqabunga kubonakala i-grey putrid - i-spores.

Ukuze uvimbele, phatha imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ubheke ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Uma kwenzeka lesi sifo, aphathe iklabishi "Fitoftorin" - lokhu umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo.

Idonsa likaMealy

Izilonda zesikhumba ezinamandla zimbozwe nge-white powdery powdery powder. Njengoba leli cwecwe lisuswa njengothuli, abaningi bayazibona futhi. Kukhona i-patina elimpunga ngaphakathi kwekhasi, amabala aphuzi avela ngaphandle. Uma nje uqaphela into enjengale, qala ukuphatha i-Fitosporin-M, ukuyisebenzisa kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amathathu uze ususe lesi sifo.

Rhizoctoniosis

Ukulimala kwenzeka lapho inhlabathi ifika emaqabunga. Okokuqala, kuvela ama-specks aphuzi e-orange, okwandisa kancane ukutheleleka kuwo wonke isitshalo, izilonda zenza ama-petioles amaqabunga, isisu somlomo wesibeletho sibaphuzi, izimpande ziyizimpande, futhi isitshalo sifa. Uma lesi sifo sibonakala, faka lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo se-0.2% se-oxychloride yethusi. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zihambisane nemibandela yokutshala nokuthuthukiswa kweklabishi.

Grey ukubola

Kulesi sifo, lesi sifo sitholakala endaweni lapho iklabishi igcinwa khona. Ama-spores of the fungus aphumelele emswakeni ophezulu, ahlala emakolishi we-moldy fluffy, kuyilapho amaqabunga eklabishi enamabala amnyama. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

  1. Ngesikhathi sokukhula ukuqapha ukuchelela, kufanele kube ngokulinganayo;
  2. Ungadluli nge-nitrogen supplements;
  3. Susa amaqabunga owomile futhi aphuzi avela ekhanda;
  4. Ukukhipha imishanguzo ngaphambi kokugcina isivuno.

Ukubola okumile (fomoz)

I-phomosis yeklabishi ibonakala ngamabala amhlophe ngamagqabha amnyama emaqabunga eklabishi. Ungakwazi ukudibanisa nomlenze omnyama, kodwa ngalezi zifo izindawo ezigulayo ziyimfutho, futhi ngaphansi kweqabunga i-lilac. Lapha izindlela zokupompela "i-Fitosporin-M" yezindawo ezithintekile zisiza, futhi ngokuvimbela, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, uphathe imbewu ngeTigam 0.5%.

Umlenze omnyama weklabishi

Iklabishi umlenze omnyama ukutheleleka okuyingozi, kubalulekile ukuthola indlela yokubhekana nale fungus, ngoba yanda ngokushesha kakhulu. I-agent ye-causative yesifo isenhlabathini futhi uzizwa enhle ngezinga elikhuphukile le-acidity nomswakama. Iklabishi iyakwazi ukukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ihlwanyelwe futhi igcwele ama-nitrogen fertilizer. Izitshalo ezigulayo ziyoma, intamo impande iba mncane, futhi ingxenye engezansi ye-trunk ihamba phezu kwezithombo zefungus ethintekile.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba unciphise inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, uphathe imbewu ngokuthi "Fundazole" noma "Planriz". Ngeshwa, akakho ukwelashwa: izitshalo ezigulayo zihlanzwa, zishiswa, kanti inhlabathi ingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected nge marcinate.

Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana

Uma unesifo esiphundu sekwephuzile, i-fungus isakazeka kusukela esitsheni kuya emaqabunga, echaphazela ikhanda. Amahlumela afaka ikhanda abe mnyama. Phakathi kwamaqabunga abathintekile umhlophe we-spore fluore. Ukulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa nokulimala kwesikhathi - 50% yesithelo.

Uyazi? Lesi sifo satholwa ngo-1974 emagcekeni aseNgilandi, ngo-1984 sashaya iklabishi eJalimane, futhi ngo-1996 ukuqubuka kwesimiso esibucayi kwatholakala ezinqabeni zaseRussia.

Indlela yokusingatha iklabishi kulokhu akukaziwa. Kukhona izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuphela: ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi kanye nezithombo, futhi akufanele utshale ama-bulb eduze

Qaphela! Ukuvuna ngokushesha ngemva kwemvula, kungavumeli iklabishi ukuthi iphele, izothuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okutheleleka okufiphele isikhathi eside.

I-Fusarium wilt (i-tracheomycosis)

Igama elidumile liyi-jaundice, njengalesi sifo amaqabunga aphuzi futhi awaboshiwe ekhanda. Ngisho noma kuboshwe, kuzoba isitshalo esinyanyekile, esinezihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphansi aphansi. Lokhu ukutheleleka kungabhubhisa iningi lesitshalo. Azikho izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo seklabishi. Ukuze kuvikelwe, izitshalo ezigulayo zisuswe futhi inhlabathi iphathwa ngezixazululo ze-manganese nge-potassium noma nge-sulfate yethusi.

Ukuvimbela isifo siklabishi

Ngaphambi kokutshala, izinqubo zokuvimbela zingakwazi futhi kufanele zenziwe, ngalesi sigaba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziphikisanayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo engokwemvelo encane, kodwa ayisebenzi., uma sicabanga ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, izindlela zokulawula izifo zeklabishi ezifungayo azitholakali. Ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezindala. Izinhlobo zemvelo zitholakala kalula ezifweni; ama-hybrids, ngokulandelana, athinteka njalo, futhi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokutshala nokugcina, izimo zezulu (umswakama obuncane), izitshalo aziguli nhlobo.

Ukuvimbela izifo kuhlanganisa isethi yenqubo. Ekwindla emva kokuvuna inhlabathi kumele iguqulwe ngokucophelela, bese iphathwa ngamakhambi amakhemikhali noma abantu. Amakhemikhali: Cumulus DF, Fitosporin; izinhlanzi zemvelo ezivela e-hot pepper, e-horsetail noma e-marigolds eqondile.

Okubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele, okungukuthi, ukushintshwa kwezilimo ezahlukene endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ayitholakali kancane, kanti izitshalo azitholakali kakhulu ezifweni. Ukuze kuvikelwe izithombo ezincane ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwayo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza kuze kube ngu-50 g wezinkuni umlotha emthonjeni. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, kungenzeka ukuphatha i-Planriz, i-Baktofit noma i-Fitoflavin-300, engesiyingozi empilweni yethu.

Iklabishi imifino enhle, ungakwazi ukupheka izitsha eziningi kuyo, ungadla isiphuzo esiphundu nokuphuza iklabishi, ewusizo kakhulu esiswini, esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa amapayipi nama-pie, ulondoloze amandla ne-vitamin level ngesikhathi sokudla.

Kuyathakazelisa Kunomlando othi u-Alexander Omkhulu, ngaphambi kwezimpi ezibalulekile, wanikeza amasosha akhe amaskibishi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi unikeza ubungqabavu, ukuzethemba nokubhubhisa umuzwa wokwesaba.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kufundwa imithi yokwelapha yeklabishi, kodwa mhlawumbe hhayi ekupheleni, ngokusho komlando.