Noma yikuphi izindlu ezikhululekile ezingenakucabangeka ngaphandle kokuxhumana nokuxhumana. Ngezinye izinto ezingasebenzi ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini yezinto ezihlukahlukene zasemakhaya, ungakwazi ukuzilungisa ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa usizo oluyimpoqo lwabachwepheshe. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka indlela yokufaka kahle amashintshi nezihlalo ezindongeni zendlu yakho - yikuphi okumele ukhethe lokhu, yiziphi amathuluzi okudingayo nokuthi yikuphi ukulandelana kwemisebenzi.
Isimiso sokusebenza komshini
Ezweni lethu lanamuhla kunzima ukucabanga ngendawo lapho kungekho khona ushintsho. Ngokuvamile leli bhokisi elincane lepulasitiki elinensimbi yokugcwalisa futhi okhiye oyedwa noma ababili osebenza njengesixhumi noma i-disconnect for circuit circuit. Kule ndawo, baxhuma umgudu wamandla kusuka kusihlangu kuya kumngcele, futhi endaweni, ukuphulukisa isifunda, ukuvimba ukugeleza kwamanje ngokusebenzisa izintambo. 
Izimiso zokusebenza zamasishintshi zilula. Ukuze ukhanyise isibani esilawulile, izintambo ezimbili zifakwa kwisisekelo sayo, esibizwa ngokuthi isigaba naso. Kusukela ebhokisini lokusabalalisa ukuya ekushintsheni, kuphela isigaba esishukumisayo. Lapha kuhlanganiswa zibe izingcingo ezimbili, okunye okubekiwe kusukela ebhokisini kuya endaweni yokufaka ukushintshwa, kanti okwesibini kuthathwa kusukela kushintshela kwisibani ngokwaso. Ngenxa yokushintshwa okhiye, izintambo zesigaba zixhunyiwe futhi zichithekile.
Uyazi? Idatha yokuqala kubantu abathola ukwethuka kagesi itholakala emibhalweni yasendulo yaseGibhithe yango-2750 BC. Konke ngenxa yezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi, i-catfish kagesi, ekwazi ukukhiqiza ama-pulses amanje kuze kube ku-360 volts.
Ukukhetha indawo
Esikhathini esedlule kwakunomkhuba wokufaka izishintshi ezingeni lomuntu ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuvula nokuvala kuphi. Namuhla, ngokuyisisekelo sebenzisa ukubaluleka kwezinga lesandla ukuze kube lula kakhulu uma ushintsha isikhundla samakhi. Futhi, ukushintshwa kuzama ukufihla emkhakheni wokubukwa ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nezinyawo, ukuze kungabonakali ukubukeka kwezindonga.
Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, ukulondolozwa okushisa ekamelweni kuqala ukusikhathaza. Funda indlela yokufaka amafenisha amafasitela ebusika ngezandla zawo.Ngokuvamile, azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zendawo ye-breaker circuit, isikhundla saso esihlobene namafasitela, iminyango, phansi kanye nesilingeni. Into esemqoka ukukwenza kube lula futhi ukhululekile ukuba uyisebenzise.
Ngokuhambisana nezitayela zanamuhla ekuklanyeni nasekuthuthukiseni, inkinobho itholakala ekuphakeni kwemitha eyodwa ukusuka phansi futhi eduze komnyango ukuze ukwazi ukuvula ukukhanya ngokushesha lapho ungena ekamelweni.
Uma sikhuluma ngamakhethi, khona-ke kudingeka ukuthi atholakale ezingeni elifanayo ngokuphathelene nesitezi nezindonga, kodwa ezindongeni ezahlukene. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ibhuloho elilodwa odongeni ngalinye noma ukubeka njengoba kudingeka ngenombolo nendawo yobuchwepheshe kagesi esizayo. 
Amathuluzi ayadingeka kanye nomsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubhoboza izindonga bese ubeka isikhala somshini, kudingeka udinga amathuluzi aseduze, ukuze ngesikhathi somsebenzi kungabikho izinkinga ezingalindelekile njenge-drill, futhi akukho busi ekhethekile yokubhoboza imigodi nxazonke odongeni. Ngakho, i-arsenal yakho yamathuluzi kufanele ifake:
- i-perforator ene-drill enobubanzi obuyi-6 mm;
- amakhophi;
- i-tape ekhonjiwe;
- izipikili 6x40;
- Ipayipi ye-PVC (eyakhiwe noma ecacile);
- ikhebula lesigaba esifunayo;
- ibhuloho ku-punch noma kubhalela imigobo ejikelezayo;
- ishintshela inani elifanele;
- izisekelo zemali efanele;
- izinga (evamile noma laser) lokumaketha i-wiring, amasokethi kanye noshintsho.
Emva kokulungisa wonke amathuluzi adingekayo futhi uhlole imishini yabo nokusebenza, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi yiziphi izintambo ezingenayo zokuhambisa izintambo, futhi ezingenjalo.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokunquma ikhebula ngaphansi kwe-voltage besebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile, kuyadingeka ukukhipha indawo yokuhlala ugesi ngokuvala ukushintshwa kwe-switch in the switchboard. Ungayinaki le mithetho ebalulekile ukuze ugweme imiphumela engalingani kanye nokulimala.
Ukubeka ikhebula
Ukubeka ikhebula kungaqaliswa kuphela ngemuva kokuba wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela usuqedile, kufaka phakathi nenye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko ekulungiseleleni umsebenzi osebenzayo. Ukuze ukhethe ukukhishwa kwekhebula elifanele, ungakwazi ukulandela umthetho: Ikhebula elilodwa le-millimeter lesikwele limelela umthamo omkhulu we-1.5 kW. Kubalulekile ukubhoboza ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokusheshisa, ukuyeka ngezikhathi futhi uhlole ukuthi isiqondiso asizange siphume. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi ohleliwe ube yizingxenye ukuze unike isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi uzinikeze ikhefu. 
Ukulungiswa komsebenzi
Ngaphambi kokubeka ikhebula, kubalulekile ukufeza umsebenzi wokumaka futhi unqume ngosizo lwezinga lapho kuzofakwa khona i-groove yekhebula, futhi ubeke indawo yamasokhi kanye noshintsho. Khona-ke ungaqala ukuhlanza indawo yokusebenza kukhonkolo. Udinga ukususa i-plaster, iphepha lodonga nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa ezizindongeni ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-punch. Kusukela usafuthi, asikho isidingo sokucubungula izindonga ngezingqimba zomhlabathi. Manje ungaqhubeka nokulungiselela i-wiring ngokwayo yokufaka nokufakwa okuqhubekayo.
Uma uhlela ukudweba izindonga, zijwayele ngezindlela zokususa upende endala kusuka ezindongeni zezinto ezihlukahlukene.
Ukulungiselela okuthunyelwe
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ikhebula lihlelwe ngendlela evikelekile futhi evikelekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa amashubhu akhethekile avikelayo e-PVC (okwenziwe noma ejwayelekile) phakathi nemivimbo eyenziwe. Bazokwenza njengabavikeli bendawo yekhebula kusuka emagumbini ahlabayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugoba, lapho ingozi yokushayela nokulimaza ikhebula elincanyana ibaluleke kakhulu. 
Xhuma ikhebula emgqeni olungiselelwe we-PVC, bese uwabeka esangweni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ufake kahle amasokhethi nokushintsha, kufanele ushiye okungenani amasentimitha angu-10 wekhebula elingenayo. Uma sikhuluma ngokufaka iphaneli kagesi, khona-ke ukunikezwa kwekhebuli yamahala kufanele kube ngamamitha ayi-1.Ukuze uthuthukise ithubhu nekhebula eludongeni, udinga ukulungisa izimbobo ezikhethekile cishe ngamamentimitha angu-30 ngaphandle komunye nomunye. Kulezi zimbobo, shayela ezithombeni ezikhethekile ezikhonjiwe eziqinisa i-tape egijimayo. Le tape izogcina ithubhu ibe khona, iyivimbele ekuhambeni. Vele ugobe ipayipi ekhonjiwe noma ejwayelekile ye-PVC ngekhebula ku-tape egijimayo bese uphinda umsebenzi ofanayo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wethambo.
Futhi kulesi sigaba, udinga ukufaka i-podozetniki ekhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha udonga ngombhobho ojikelezayo ku-perforator, bese ugijimela izintambo zibe izimbobo ezihambelanayo zesikhwama sepulastiki, bese uqinisa ngokwengeziwe isixhumi ekuqedeni nge-screws.
Amaphethini wokuguqulwa afakwa ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukuxhumana okuphezulu kwezingcingo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze ufake ukuphela kwesiphequluli, udinga ukwenza ukukhishwa kwangaphambili kwekhebula kusuka kusikhwama. Ukwenza lokhu, ummese ojwayelekile noma ukubhala. Gweba ngokucophelela ubuchopho ekupheleni kwethini mayelana no-1-2 cm. Okulandelayo, faka izintambo ukuxhuma izintambo ezinhlangothini zombili, bese ugoqa imikhawulo nge-bolt. 
Indlela yokuxhuma izintambo
Ngemuva kokuba i-wiring isenziwe, kuyadingeka ukuba uqhubekele esigabeni esilandelayo sokufakwa kwemishini kagesi, ehlanganisa ukuyixhuma emigqeni kagesi ezayo endlini.
Ukuze uzuze imiphumela yokufaka esiphezulu, kufanele usebenzise umcabango wakho futhi ucabange ukuthi izintambo zaba "amapayipi" futhi umbane kagesi uba "ngamanzi". "Ukunikezwa kwamanzi" kwenzeka emgqeni wekhebula lesigaba, "ukuhamba okubuyiselwayo" kubuyiselwa ngekhebula le-zero, futhi umqhubi ovikelayo udalwe ukuhluka okuphuthumayo okubonayo, isibonelo, uma ukuvuza kutholakala endaweni ethile, amanzi ngokuqinisekile ayokwenziwa umhlaba.
Ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe namuhla, izintambo zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene, okulula kakhulu ukuba umqali wokubamba ngombane kagesi.
Uyazi? Enye yemibala ejwayelekile kunawo wonke ububanzi bombala: umhlophe - isigaba (L), i-blue-zero (N), i-yellow-green-ground (PE).Uma wenza umsebenzi kagesi, kufanele wenze ngokucacile futhi ulandele ukulandelana kwemibala yezintambo ukuze kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi wokuwuthwala ebhokisini lokuhlangana. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa okuzayo, umsebenzi wokulungisa nokulungisa, kunconywa ukuba ubhale ngaphambi kwalawo maphuzu lapho amabhokisi okusabalalisa azofakwa khona, lapho izintambo ezivela kuwo wonke amaphuzu okukhanyisa, amasokote kanye noshintsho zizohlanganiswa.
Ukufakwa komshini wokushintsha
Futhi manje, ekugcineni, ufike ngesikhathi sokufakwa komshini wokushintsha. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sigaba esilandelayo sinyathelo nesinyathelo sisetshenziswa emhlanganweni nokufakwa komshini:
1. Dlulisa amandla isigaba, bese ususa izihluthulelo ezivela ku-subframe. Ngaphansi kwawo kukhona izikhwama ezimbili eziphakanyayo, okuyizixhumi zengxenyana yangaphambili yenkinobho nge-electronic mechanism. Vula izikrini zombili futhi unqamule i-subframe kanye nesici sokusebenza sohlelo.
2. Manje kufanele udibanise isikrini, esisebenza njengensimbi yokugwinya ngaphakathi kwendlela.
3. Hamba uboya ezintambo, ushiye cishe amamentimitha angu-1-2 kwekhebula elihlanzekile.
4. Faka izintambo entabeni ukuze i-fragment yayo ingabonakali ngaphandle kwesakhiwo (cishe 1 mm).
5. Qinisekisa izinsimbi zokugxilisa izibani, okuyinto ngokuqinile ulungise oxhumana nabo. Bese udonsa izintambo kancane ukuze uhlole amandla okuqinisa. Kubalulekile lapha ukuthi imiphetho yocingo ayikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile. Kodwa futhi akufanelekile futhi uhudule izinsimbi, ngoba ungaphazamisa intambo noma ipulasitiki ephukile.
6. Faka umshini wokushintshela esihlalweni esingaphansi kokuvikeleka, esiholwa isikhundla esiqinile esinqunyiwe.
7. Ukusebenzisa i-spacers ekhethekile ukulungisa isici sokusebenza senkinobho, ukugoqa ngezibopho ezibhekene nazo. Hlola ukwethembeka kweshintsho esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
8. Manje sebenzisa i-subframe evikelayo kwisakhiwo futhi uyiqinise ngezicucu ezikhethekile ze-screw.
9. Hlela okhiye bese uhlola ukusebenza kwabo. 
Kulokhu ukufakwa komshini kuqediwe. Ungavula ugesi futhi uhlole imisebenzi yawo ngokusebenza.
Kubalulekile! Ngakwesokunxele komsebenzi osebenzayo ekushintsheni, izindawo zabathintana abangenayo nalabo abaphumayo zimakwe ngezimpawu ezithile. Isibonelo, okokufaka kungabonakaliswa ngu-1 noma incwadi ye-alfabhethi yesiLatini L, isokhethi sekhebula eliphumayo limakwe ngezinombolo 3, 1 (uma okokufaka kuboniswa nguL) noma umcibisholo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Latch
Ipuleti yokumboza inqanyuliwe besebenzisa izibopho ezikhethekile zokugxuma noma ngokucindezela ngokumelene nesigcawu esincane sogu ludonga. Njengomthetho, uhlobo lwesibili lokugqama luvame kakhulu. Kodwa idivayisi enjalo yayithandwa kakhulu ezikhathini zaseSoviet futhi engavamile ukusetshenziswa ezweni lanamuhla. 
Izici zokufakwa kwezinguquko ezimbili
Idivaysi enezihluthulelo ezimbili isetshenziselwa amakamelo amakhulu lapho kune-chandelier enkulu enombalwa omkhulu wama-lamp noma eziningi zezibani. Futhi lolu hlobo lokushintsha lusetshenziselwa ukugeza okuhlukene, lapho ukhiye uvula bese uvala ukukhanya endlini yokugezela, kanti omunye wenza imisebenzi efanayo endlini yangasese.
Ayikho umehluko okhethekile phakathi kokukodwa okukodwa nokushintshwa okubili. Umehluko omkhulu ukhona lokuthi izintambo ezintathu zesigaba zifika emshinini wezinkinobho ezimbili: ikhebula lokufaka kanye nezintambo ezimbili zamagatsha. Kulesi simo, kuphela ukufaka amandla. 
Uyazi? Umkhanyo ungomunye wabahlinzeki bamandla kagesi abanamandla kakhulu. Okhokho bethu abakude bakholelwa ukuthi umbani owashaya indawo ethile wawuyisimiso emithonjeni yamanzi nokuthi kwakukule ndawo ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukumba umthombo.Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi yiziphi izintambo okumele kufakwe ucingo olulodwa. Kodwa uma kuziwa ukuzokwenza, lokhu kunzima kakhulu. Isiqondiso esiyinhloko ekufakweni kahle kwe-switch esinjalo yisikrini, esitholakala ngakwesokunene sendlela. Kungaphansi kwakhe futhi udinga ukuqala ikhebula eliyisigaba futhi uzohlinzeka ugesi. Kunezintambo ezimbili eziphansi ezanikezwa ngezigaba ezimbili eziphelelwe amandla. Amadivaysi anamuhla anamuhla, okuyi-oda lokuphakama okuphakeme kakhulu kwekhwalithi futhi, ngokufanele, ngentengo, yiba nezinhlamvu ezilandelayo ngemuva komshini wabakhiqizi:
- uma kuziwa kubalingiswa bezinombolo kuphela, khona-ke 1 yinkambo yamandla, futhi 2 no-3 yizintambo ezihola;
- uma kukhona uL, 1 no-2 noma uL izimpawu nemicibisholo emibili ngale ndlela, ikhebula lokunikezwa kwamandla lixhunywe kuL, ezinye ziphumayo.
Uma kungenjalo, le nketho yeshintsho iningi ngezindlela ezifanayo futhi ayifani emhlanganweni nokufakwa kusuka kudivayisi eyodwa-key.Manje uyayazi yonke imininingwane yenqubo yokubambisana nokufakwa kwezitshalo. Imithetho eyinhloko yokuphumelela kwalesi senzakalo ihambisana nokulingana ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba ngasinye. Thatha isikhathi sokungadideli izigaba noma ukulimaza izingxenye ngokwazo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka zithengwe futhi zithathelwe indawo. Ukuqondiswa yizincomo kulesi sihloko, ungakwazi ukufaka kalula noma ukufaka inkinobho entsha, futhi inqubo ngokwalo ngeke isabesabe ngokungaqiniseki kwayo.
