Datura noma i-Datura-Herb - Imbali engavamile futhi enhle, evame ukutholakala emigqabeni yomgwaqo kanye neziqephu zasadini. I-Datura ayinakuzithoba, ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwayo kusekelwe olwazini olulula, ngakho-ke, uma lufiswa, imbali ingakhula kalula ngokuzimela, njengoba kuboniswa ngezithombe eziningi zabafaki bembali. Iphunga elithakazelisayo, elikhithiwe ehlobo ehlobo ngezimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ngezimbali ezibubende ze-datura izimbali, kushiya umlimi oyisilima. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinobuhlungu futhi siyingozi, kodwa sinendawo yokuphulukisa.
Uyazi? Utshani-datura noma datur kuyinto isitshalo esiyingqayizivele, izakhiwo ezingaqondakali futhi ezingaqondakali ezingenakho incazelo. Kuye ngokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani, kungaba kokubili okuzuzisa futhi okulimazayo. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu bambiza ngokuthi "imbali yezingelosi", abanye, njengoCarlos Castaneda kwelinye lamanoveli akhe, - "imbali kaDeveli". Datura abasebenzisa izinkanyezi nabaqambi bemikhuba yamanga. Ama-Aztec ahlonipha udumo njengobungcweti, ngoba ukusebenza kwawo kwe-hallucinogenic kwavumela abapristi ukuba baxoxe namanye amabutho namanye amazwe.
I-Datura (dope): incazelo yesitshalo
Abantu sebekude bazi ukuthi imbali ye-dope ibukeka kanjani, futhi ikhulile iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningana. Ukusetshenziswa okufaneleko nokusetjenziswa komuthi wesitjhaba kungasetjenziswa kumuthi wendabuko. U-Datura-utshani buhlukile okwe-spasmolytic, i-analgesic kanye ne-sedative effect. Ngesisekelo sedope bayalungisa izidakamizwa ezilwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene: i-asthma, i-neuralgia, i-rheumatism, umdlavuza wesisu, ukukhathazeka, izikhwama zokukhwehlela, njll.
I-Datura ingomndeni wakwaSolanaceae futhi ihlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingu-13 ezinemibala ehlukene embala, ubukhulu befuthe, izinga lokushukela, njll. Lena imifino yaminyaka yonke (abanye abalimi bayakuhlakulela njengesikhathi eside), banamaqabunga amnyama ovoid aluhlaza ngokubanzi 10 cm. Izimbali zinkulu, zingashadile. Isithelo se-datura ibhokisi elikhulu le-chetyrehgnezdovaya, elinama-spikes amaningi, loma ukuvuthwa.
Lesi sitshalo cishe sineziqu ze-alkaloids, ezilinganisweni - ezingaba ngu-0.16%, ezimpandeni - 0.26%, embewu - kufika ku-0.22%. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho i-datur ehlala khona, lembali ingafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ubude. Ekhaya, ukufeza ukukhula okunjalo akunakwenzeka, ngoba kudinga isikhala esikhululekile. Ngezimo zasekhaya ezihle ungakwazi ukukhulisa i-datur kuya kumamitha amabili.
Kubalulekile! Ungafaki iphunga le-datura isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi akufanele ulethe izimbali zezimbali kule ndlu. Zinobuthakathaka futhi zingabangela ikhanda, futhi kwezinye izimo ukucabangela nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwesifo sobunzima, izimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa kanye nezimbali ezimnandi zisalokhu zikhululekile, ngakho-ke imbali isetshenziswe ngokweqile ezindlini zezwe kanye neziqephu zangasese. Iphunga lezinhlobo ezithile ze-dope lihle kakhulu futhi lisiza ukuguqula iphunga elingadingeki noma elibi emasimini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinombala omuhle kakhulu, ongahluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya ku-lilac, i-purple, violet ngisho nephuzi.
Indlela yokutshala i-datur emhlabathini ovulekile: ukhetha indawo yesitshalo
Isitshalo esingenakuzimela datur asidingi amakhono akhethekile ekukhuleni. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esihle, kwanele nje ukuhlinzeka ngendwangu ngokudla kanye nomswakama. 
I-microclimate ye-Datura
Kuyinto isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukufika kwayo kutholakala izindawo ezivulekile, zelanga, hhayi ngaphansi kwemimoya eqinile. Lesi sitshalo sinokuhluma okungavamile kwembewu (kufika ku-95%), ehluma ngokushesha ngokushisa okukhulayo. Imbewu ingahluma ngesonto noma emibili, uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-25 ... +28 ° C. Khulisa entwasahlobo: emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi, ngoba izithombo - ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Kubalulekile! Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-Datura iyisitshalo esinobuthi, ngakho-ke, ayikho indawo eduze nezindawo zokudlala nasezindaweni lapho izingane zivame khona.
Umhlabathi wendwangu ekhulayo
I-Datura ithanda inhlabathi ekhungathekile, ecacile, enothileyo ecebile kumanyolo. Ingxube yomhlabathi ingcono ukuvuna ekwindla. Inhlanganisela yomhlaba we-junidi ohlwetshiwe, isihlabathi somfula nama-humus ku-2: 1: 2 kufanelekile njenge-substrate. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe ngamanyolo amaminerali anamanzi.
I-datury ye-landing (utshani lwe-Datura)
Utshani lwe-Datura unezinye izici zokutshala ezidinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze isitshalo sikhangele umbala wayo. I-datur yokuqala ikhule kahle ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ngokulandelayo, lizophindwa ngokuzihlwanyela futhi lizohlala unomphela engadini.
Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto
Imbewu yamanzi ihluma kancane kancane, cishe izinsuku ezingu-30. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa le nqubo, kubalulekile ukucwilisa impahla yokutshala amaviki amabili emanzini abandayo exutshwe nanoma yikuphi ukuvuselela ukukhula. Imbewu ekhukhulayo iphonswa ngaphandle, futhi lezo ezisele phansi zingadalwa.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu izithombo
I-Daturus ingalinywa ngezindlela eziningana, okuvame kakhulu ukukhula kusuka enzalweni. Ukutshala izithombo ezikhiqizwa entwasahlobo entwasahlobo encane epulasitiki - izindebe, iziqukathi zokudla. Ngaphansi kwe-tank uthele ungqimba omncane we-peat, ungqimba lomhlabathi, bese kuthi imbewu. Kusukela phezulu kungcono ukumboza imbewu nge ungqimba elincanyana lomquba, ufafaze umlotha bese umboza ngilazi. Amahlumela okuqala ahlume ngokungafani emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12, okunye kuzovela ngenyanga. Izithombo zidinga ukugcina umswakama ophansi womhlabathi ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi unikeze ukukhanya okwanele.
Izici zokufika endaweni evulekile
I-Datura yisitshalo esinothando sokushisa esifa lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngezansi + 8 ... + 10 degrees, ngakho-ke bayalihlwanyela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Phakathi noma ekupheleni kukaMeyi kufanelana kahle nje lapho umhlaba uhlaselwa ku-+16 ° C. Ukuze uphume, kudingekile ukuthi ulungise izimbobo zokufika cishe ngo-60-70 cm ubude futhi cishe u-50 cm ububanzi. I-Datura idinga indawo evulekile, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyifinyelela ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-1 ukusuka komunye nomunye, hhayi ngokujulile ngokujulile (akukho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm). Emva kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa.
I-Datura: izithombo zokukhetha
I-Datura iyinkimbinkimbi ezwelayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuyihlwanyela ngezimbiza ezihlukene, awudingi ukukhetha. Lapho utshala isitshalo sokutshala izitshalo, ngokushesha nje lapho ushiya amaqabunga. Izithombo zihlezi ezitsheni ezihlukene, zingcwatshwe kancane (ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-1 cm). Uma izithombo zonakaliswe "umlenze omnyama", ungenza okukhethiwe ekuqaleni, kodwa izinga lokusinda kwesitshalo linciphisa.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwedope ensimini yembali
Ngenxa yokunganaki kwayo i-datura ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngokuba ukukhula kwawo okuhle kunokwanele nje kuphela, umhlabathi onomsoco, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokuchelela okunamandla, lapho izimbali zesitshalo zincike khona.
Indlela yokuphuza i-datur
I-Datura idinga ukuphuza zonke izinsuku, futhi uma isimo sezulu somile futhi sishisayo, udinga ukuwasebenzisa nsuku zonke. Uma ukhula izitshalo endlini yasebusika, ukuchelela kumele kuncishiswe izikhathi ezingu-1 ngesonto. Ngomswakama okwanele, i-datur ilahlekelwa amahlumela, izimbali, namaqabunga. Ukunisela kungcono ngamanzi aqinile. Uthanda ukutshala nokutshala njalo, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa ngesikhathi esishisayo, ehlobo.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla
Isitshalo sidinga ukondla okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukwenza masonto onke wenze amaminerali ahlukene kanye nama-organic fertilizer. Ebusika, lapho lesi sitshalo sifika kwisigaba sokuphumula, ukudla kumile. Uma i-datura ikhula emhlabathini owumile, kufanele iphuze kanye nenkathi ngobisi obuketshezi: 1 g lama-lime ngehora elilodwa lamanzi.
Indlela yokunciphisa isitshalo
Enye yezinto ezidingekayo zokukhula okuphumelelayo kwendiza njengendlela yokugcina isikhala. I-Datura izimbali zakha kuphela emahlumela amancane, ukuze isitshalo singapheli ukuqhakaza, udinga ukusika njalo izimbali ezimileyo, ushiye isithelo sembewu. Imbewu ingahluma, izikhwama ezikhethekile kangaka zifakwe ebhokisini. NgoSeptemba, emva kokutshala, kufanele udale umqhele, usika ngokucophelela amagatsha esitshalo.
Wintering Datura
I-Datur ayilondolozi ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile, ngakho-ke, emva kokusika izihlahla, lesi sitshalo sigubha, sitshalwe zibe izimbiza ezinamandla futhi sibekwe ekamelweni. Ukuze ubusika obuphumelelayo ekamelweni lokugcina, ukushisa okuqhubekayo okungu-15 ... +17 ° C kuyadingeka. Phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, lesi sitshalo sikhipha wonke amaqabunga awo bese sakha amahlumela amasha ngamaqabunga. Entwasahlobo udinga ukuguqula amahlumela amasha, okuzohlinzeka ngama-cuttings amahle ayoba ngokushesha. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, i-cuttings egxilileko yeDatura yinto ehle khulu yokutshala, ephikisana nakakhulu kunesitshalo somama esibhaliwe. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nendawo-mphakathi, i-datur iyalinywa kangcono njengonyaka.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-datura
I-Datur isakazwe kahle yi-cuttings ka-10-20 cm, okuyilapho isheshe ixube emanzini, i-substrate elula noma i-sphagnum moss. I-cuttings ingaba ne-internodes eyodwa, emibili noma embalwa, ukusika kufanele kwenziwe kahle ngaphansi kwefindo, kususe isigamu samaqabunga. Uma uhlanganiswa ekwindla, ama-saplings kufanele abe ebusika ekamelweni, lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ivuselela ngokwanele, ifakwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Ungakwazi ukucubungula i-cuttings entwasahlobo, emva kokutshala izihlahla ze-uterine, ubusika endlini, bese ukhula i-datur ikhula ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo zezimila
Lesi sitshalo singahlasela ama-aphid, kanye nama-ticks ashisayo anamaphiko futhi abomvu. Phakathi kwezifo ezitholakala kakhulu ku-datura, zingabonakala zibolile. Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kudingeka ukuphatha lesi sitshalo kusho "Apollo" noma "Actofit" ekushiseni kwemoya okungaba ngu-18 ... +20 ° C. Akukhuthazwa ukuxuba le mikhiqizo nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane. Lezi zidakamizwa ziphelisa izinambuzane emva kwamahora angu-8-14, futhi ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokwelashwa, zibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Ayikho imbali eyodwa enezinhlobo ezinjalo eziphikisanayo njenge-datur, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokukhula, kubalulekile ukucabanga indawo enhle yokutshala ukuze isitshalo singasetshenziselwa injabulo yobuhle.
