Ukuhamba emapaki noma emadolobheni, uvame ukuhlonipha ubuhle bomuthi onamandla ngegxolo elibushelelezi kanye nesiqu esikhulu. Le elm ibushelelezi. Amagxolo alo ahlala ebushelelezi kuze kube yilapho esegugile, futhi ngenxa yesifo esithile kuphela angashintsha isakhiwo salo. Kwezinye izici zalesi sihlahla, sichaza ngezansi.
Umlando wemvelaphi
U-Elm obushelelezi, noma ovamile, ungomunye wabameleli be-elm genus. Lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ezinqabile luyisidala kakhulu, luneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 ubudala. Endle, wonke amalungu e-genus akhule emahlathini ahlotshisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi atholakala ngesi-spruce.
Ukutshalwa kwesitshalo kwenzeka maduzane, emakhulwini eminyaka eminyaka adlule. Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuya phambili, u-elm bushelelezi waqala ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindawo zokupaka.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi igama lesiLatini lomndeni u-elm, i-lmus, livela ngegama lesiCelt elithi "elm" - yilokhu abantu ababiza lo muthi. Igama lesiRussia elithi "elm" livele, cishe ngenxa yokuthi izinkuni zesitshalo ziguquguquke kakhulu (ezibucayi). 
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Elm ingafinyelela ngamamitha angu-40 ngokuphakama. Umqhele wakhe ubheka njengesilinda esincane, kancane kancane emgqeni. Ivela emagatsheni aminyene aqondiswa phezulu. Isiqu somuthi we-elm singafinyelela amamitha amathathu ububanzi.
Bona izindawo ezivamile zezinhlobo ze-elm.
Ihlanganiswe ngendwangu ebushelelekile yombala obomvu obunombala obomvu, uyaphuka futhi uphephe amapulethi amancane. Ebusweni bomhlaba, kuzungeze isiqu, izimpande ezinjengezibhamu, ezinjengebhodi zivame ukwakha. Kudingekile ukuthi balondoloze isiqu esikhulu. Amahlumela abasha - obomvu okhanyayo embala, nge-sheen encane, angase abe ne-plaque emhlophe.
Amahlamvu anamaqanda noma amaqanda aphethwe ngokuphela okukhombayo. Isisekelo singalingani. Ekude, amaqabunga afinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-12, ububanzi - cishe amasentimitha angu-8. Unemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nehlangothini elingaphansi ukukhanya okuncane kunaphezulu. 
I-blooms tree umbala omncane, eqoqwe ngamabhande. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza senziwa ngo-Ephreli-May, kuze kufike amaqabunga. Ukuvotela kwezimbali kwenzeka ngosizo lomoya. Isithelo sinjengeqabunga elincani eliphakathi, elingaphakathi kwenzalo.
U-Elm bushelelezi ungaphila eminyakeni engu-200-250. Ihluke ekukhuleni okukhulu, kodwa kuphela eminyakeni engama-40-50 - kusukela kulokhu kuya phambili, ukukhula kancane kancane. Isihlahla simelana neqhwa nemimoya eqinile. Ukushisa okuphansi akukwazi ukusinda kuphela amahlumela amancane.
Izinkuni ezihlala njalo ezinomthunzi zingamelana nomswakama futhi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ifenisha, izibhamu kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Ngenxa yomqhele walo omnyama, i-elm ifanelwe kahle ukuhlela izindawo zokuzilibazisa emapaki.
U-Elm ukhula emazweni aseYurophu (ngaphandle kwe-Peninsula yase-Iberia naseziqhingini zaseBrithani), eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, ezindaweni zaseChelyabinsk naseSverdlovsk, eKazakhstan. Enyakatho, indawo yayo ekhulayo ihamba cishe emaphethelweni ezwekazi lase-Eurasia. Ngokuyinhloko ikhula emahlathini axutshweyo kanye namaqabunga. 
Uyazi? Kusukela ezinkuni zase-elm eziseMideni Ephakathi kwenza amapayipi amanzi.
Ukuzala
Ngokwemvelo, lesi sihlahla sisakazwa yizimbewu noma izimpande ezimpande. Imbewu eqoqwe ingagcinwa esitsheni se-hermetic cishe iminyaka emibili. Izibonelo ezivuthiwe kuphela ezifanele ukutshala. Batshala amaviki amabili emva kokuvuthwa.
Siphakamisa ukuthi ujwayele ukuzijwayeza ngezinhlobonhlobo zokutshala izihlahla zomhlobiso ezifana ne-Norway, i-catalpa, i-maple yaseJapane, i-sycamore, i-oak ebomvu, i-royal delonix, i-arbutus, isihlahla se-sitrobheli, i-maple ebomvu, uphondo lwe-deer, i-skoumpia.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Njengoba umuthi ukhula kahle endle, futhi ukumnakekela esiqhingini ngeke kubangele inkathazo enkulu. 
Indawo yokufika
Ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla, kufanele ulungise indawo kusayithi. Kufanele kube indawo ekhanyisiwe, umthunzi okhanyayo uvunyelwe. Imisebe yelanga kufanele ikhanyise ngokufanele umuthi omncane. Uma ohlangothini olulodwa luthola ukukhanya okungaphezulu kunomunye, khona-ke ubukhulu bomqhele ngeke bube nobunye.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yomswakama ovundile, okhululekile, ogcina kahle. Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo enhlabathini yenza i-lime futhi uyicebise ngamanyolo kanye nezici zokulandelela (i-magnesium, i-nitrogen, i-calcium, i-phosphorus). Qaphela ukuthi inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto enamandla.
Kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde ngendlela yokuzikhethela ngokucophelela ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini, kanye nendlela yokukhipha inhlabathi kusayithi.
Isitshalo sokutshala
Imbewu ivuthwe ehlobo. Kudingeka baqoqe ngokushesha futhi babe nesikhathi sokuhlala ngesonto ngaphandle kwalokho ukuhluma kuyoba phansi. Ukulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuqala akudingeki. Emikhawulweni yezindawo ezikhethiwe zakhiwa kude kumakhilomitha angu-20-30 komunye nomunye. Emithonjeni nembewu kuhlwanyelwa. Ukugxila emhlabathini akufanelekile. 
Kwanele ukuhambisa umhlaba kancane, ukwakha ungqimba wamamitha ambalwa. Uma ihlobo livula, awudingi ukugcwalisa umhlaba ngembewu - umswakama owengeziwe, okungcono kubo. Imbewu etshalwe idinga ukuchelela okuningi amasonto ambalwa.
Kubalulekile! Uma ihlobo lishisa futhi limile, umbhede kufanele uhlanganiswe nefilimu ngaphambi kokuhluma.
Uma uya ukukhula i-elm kusuka ekunqumeni noma ekuhlumeni, khona-ke ungalungisa izinto zokutshala entwasahlobo. Sika lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngezimpande ezimpandeni bese zimanzi emanzini. Lapho izimpande zokuqala zivela, ungakwazi ukuhamba.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbe imbobo ngamamitha angama-50 ububanzi, usebenzise kahle umhlaba bese uwuncoma ngamaminerali. I-sapling iwela emgodini futhi ipholile ngomhlaba. Indawo lapho kusetshenzwa khona kufanele kube khona i-penumbra elula, ngoba ilanga elinamandla lingashisa umuthi obuthakathaka. U-Elm wagxila ngokushesha. Into esemqoka - isonto lokuqala lokunisela okunamandla.
Ukunisela
Njengoba kufika isikhathi sokukhula nangaphambi kokusika, umuthi uphuziswa njalo. Khona-ke ukuchelela kunciphile. Kuyokwanela ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi ofanayo. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
Umquba
Umuthi omncane udinga ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe ngemifuno ephilayo. Inqubo yenziwa kanye emva kwamasonto amabili. Ukwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukwethula isanti, i-rubble, umquba kuwo. Konke kufanele kube ngesilinganiso esifanayo.
Uyazi? ERoma lasendulo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi imimoya yokuqapha ihlala emabhokisini e-elm.
Ungaphazamisi futhi ungenele inhlabathi. Izwe elizungeze i-elm limbozwe amaqabunga awile, ukhula, umquba. Zizosebenza njengomthombo wezakhi zomzimba ezincane eziphila emhlabeni. 
Ukudubula
Ukuze kungabikho umqhele, kufanele ube mncane. Yenza kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ehlobo. Ukusiza ukunikeza umqhele isimo esiyidingayo singafaka ucingo. Wafaka igatsha elengeziwe futhi washiya unyaka. Ukunciphisa ukuqina kwe-stem futhi kusize ukuyiqondisa.
Ukuze unciphise ngempumelelo, udinga:
- ukusika izihlahla lapho usemncane;
- zama ukugcina ubude bamagatsha njalo;
- Ngokuvamile ukusika amagatsha ngaphandle kwamahlamvu, ukuze bangathathi amandla emthini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Elm bushelelezi - engathobekile futhi enamathele ezifo eziningi izihlahla. Isitha sakhe kuphela okungeke sikwazi ukubhekana nayo yisifo seDutch. Kubangelwa i-fungus ethwala amabhungane asegagodini. Ukufika esitshalweni, i-fungus ivimbela ukusakazwa okujwayelekile kokushaywa phansi kwesiqu kanye namagatsha. 
Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga aqala ukubola, ukukhula kwesitshalo kancane kancane. I-Dysplasia ibonakala ekubukeni okungakabonakali nokulahlekelwa kwamahlamvu. Ngemva kwesikhashana umuthi ogulayo uyafa.
Ama-botanists awakhathazeki ngalesi sifo ezweni elilodwa, njengoba inani le-elm liyehla ngokushesha ngenxa yalo, futhi akusekho izindlela eziphumelelayo zokubhekana nokugula. Uma kutholakala umuthi othelelekile, kufanele ubhujiswe ngokushesha kanye nezinambuzane eziphethe i-fungus.
Kubalulekile! Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kufanele uhlole ngokujwayelekile ukutholakala kwezinambuzane, futhi ungaphinda ujobe ama-antibiotics engxenyeni engxenyeni yesiqu.
Olunye ukuhlasela - isihlangu. Lesi yisinambuzane esincane, esifana nesigciwane esicacile. Ukuyiqaphela esihlahleni kunzima kakhulu, ngoba ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale sengathi isiqu sigcwele ukukhula. Ukuze unqume ukuthi lesi sitshalo sitheleleke, kungenzeka kuphela ngamahlamvu - sihlanganiswe namabala amhlophe noma aphuzi. Isihlahla somuthi kufanele sisuswe futhi sishiswe ngokushesha. 
Izinhlelo zezokwelapha
Amahlamvu, izimbali kanye ne-elm bark iqukethe: i-polysaccharides, i-fiber, amaprotheni, ama-oli, ama-catechins, ama-flavonoids, ama-acids e-carboxylic, ama-tanins. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sinomthelela wokulwa ne-antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and enveloping.
I-diuretic, i-safflower, i-celandine, iglitsa, i-asparagus, i-jujube, i-hops, i-lavender, i-cornflower, i-plectranthus, i-motherwort, i-chokeberry emnyama nayo ine-effect diuretic.
Ngenxa yezindawo ezinjalo, izingxenye ze-elm zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzela:
- izinqubo zokulwa nokuvutha kulesi sifo;
- ukuqeda ukuvuvukala;
- ukulungisa imisipha ewonakele;
- ukulwa nezifo zesikhumba;
- ukuqeda ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla;
- ukuqeda colic;
- ukuphilisa okusheshayo.
Ividiyo: amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-elm tree
Njengoba ubona, i-elm isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kodwa kuyothatha iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukukujabulela ngomqhele wayo omuhle kakhulu. Ukuze ufeze lokhu ngokushesha, kufanele ulandele ngokucophelela imihlahlandlela yokutshala nokukhathalela, kanye nokuvikela ngokucophelela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane.
