Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zokutshala izaqathe kumaseli avela ngaphansi kwamaqanda, ukuthi ungayifeza kanjani futhi unakekele izitshalo?

Amaqanda ama-egg angabizi futhi angasetshenziswa kalula angasiza ekutshalweni izaqathe.

Le ndlela yokutshala izithombo ilula ngoba imbewu ihlala ibanga elilingana linye, elikuvumela ukuba ususe inqubo enzima yokwehlisa izithombo (ukususa izitshalo ezingaphezu kwemigqa noma izidleke ukuthuthukisa izimo ezikhulayo).

Futhi, lapho uhlwanyela imbewu emabhokisini amakhadibhodi, asikho isidingo sokusilalisa. Lesi sihloko ngezansi siqukethe ulwazi olugcwele ngale ndlela yokutshala izaqathe.

Indlela yokuchaza nencazelo

Ukutshala izaqathe emaqenjini amaqanda kuyinkqubo engokwenkolo futhi engaqondakali, ehlanganisa ukuveza imbewu emibili esitokisini ngasinye bese ubatshala ngqo emhlabathini. Isitshalo sesitshalo esitshalwe ngale ndlela sakhiwe ngokugcwele. Isisekelo samakhadibhodi sizokuvimbela ukukhuphuka komswakama futhi ukhula ukuhluma. Lena indlela ephephile neyomvelo yokukhulisa izaqathe, etholakalayo kulabo abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nabanamakhadi.

Izinzuzo

• Asikho isidingo senqubo encane.
• Ukulondolozwa kwesikhashana emhlabathini.
• Izindleko eziphansi zezezimali.
• Ukutholakala kwezinto.
• Ukwehliswa kwamaseli amakhadibhodi avela ngaphansi kwamaqanda.
• Izinto eziphathekayo ezinobungozi futhi ezingekho ezinobuthi.
• Kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
• Umbono wokulinganisa wemibhede ngenxa yemigqa yezithombo.
• Asikho isidingo sokuqeda ukhula.

Ukungalungi

Kodwa kunengqondo ukuphawula ukuthi le nsalela ingenzeka nganoma iyiphi indlela yokutshala izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Iziyalezo

Ukulungiselela

Amathuluzi engadini

Ukutshala izaqathe udinga ukulungisa amathuluzi afana nalokhu:

• amakhadibhodi amakhadibhodi amakhadibhodi;
• Idizadi yakhe yokulinganisa inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala izaqathe;
• ingadi yokuchelela ingakwazi ukuchelela.

Amathrekhi avela ngaphansi kwamaqanda

Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela izaqathe ngokwabo, amathreyi kumele agwetshwe ngamanzi ukuze anciphise amakhadibhodi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuze amangqamuzana amakhadibhodi angawususisi umswakama emigqeni evundile yomhlaba, okudingekile ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwesanqante izimpande.

Imbewu

Imbewu kumele ibe yintsha. Kakade ngonyaka wesibili wesitoreji, ukuhluma kwehla kakhulu, kanti amaconsi amathathu afika ku-30%.

Imbewu ye-carrot iqukethe amafutha abalulekile angasuswa ngaphambi kokuhluma ukugwema ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezithombo. Imbewu ilungiswa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo:

1. Vumisani okusanhlamvu ukuwafaka imizuzu engama-20 emanzini okushisa ama-degrees Celsius angu-50.
2. Yenza inqubo yokuqothula imbewu, ukubeka imizuzu engu-15-20 emkhakheni we-potassium permanganate.
3. Gcwalisa imbewu ngezakhi. Izitshalo ziphathwa ngezitshalo zokukhula, njenge-aloe ijusi noma umuthi "Epin". Esikhathini senkinga yalezi zinto, okusanhlamvu kugcinwa usuku.

Ngalolu lungiselelo, imbewu inika amahlumela e-fruiting.

Ukuhlwanyela

Ukusebenzisa itreyidi yamakhadibhodi ukugcina amaqanda, udinga ukuthola ukuthi kuzoba yini izimbobo zokutshala izaqathe, zidwebe. Ukwenza lokhu:

1. Amaseli amakhadibhodi adingeka ukuthi abekwe esakhiweni ukuze atshale izithombo futhi aphathe.
2. Bese ubeka imbewu encane yesanqante kumaseli ngayinye.
3. Imbewu ithululelwa phezu komhlabathi futhi iphuziswa ngamanzi okuchelela angasetshenziswa ngokufafaza.

Indlela yokutshala ama-egg trays?

Ebeleni udinga:

1. Phatha insimu lapho izaqathi zitshalwe khona, kusuka kumkhula.
2. Bese ugoba phansi ngefosholo noma nanoma iyiphi enye indlela etholakalayo.
3. Ukutshala umhlaba ngama-humus ngesilinganiso se-10 kg ngemitha yesigcawu kanye nohlaka lwamapulangwe ngesilinganiso seglasi elilodwa ngemitha eyodwa yesikwele.

Uma kunesidingo sokunciphisa izinga le-pH emhlabathini, ungasebenzisa indlela enjengokungeza i-lime noma i-dolomite ufulawa enhlabathini ngehora elilodwa ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.

Uma kunenhlabathi enzima endaweni yokuhlwanyela, kufanele ihlinzekwe ngokufaka isiliva, isihlabathi esihlanzekile noma amalahle. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-mulching. Le nqubo ye-agrotechnical ivumela isikhathi eside ukugcina umswakama, ewusizo ekuhlungeni imbewu, emhlabathini. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuyadingeka ukulondoloza impilo yezitshalo. Ehlobo elishisayo, i-mulching iyakwazi ukuvikela izaqathe ekufeni, ikuvumela ukuba ugcine izinga lokushisa okudingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni izitshalo.

I-mulch inomphumela omuhle enhlabathini nasembewu futhi inezindawo ezilandelayo:

• igcina umswakama, ewusizo ekuhlungeni imbewu, emhlabathini;
• kuvimbela ukushisa kwenhlabathi ehlobo;
• kuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi;
• ugcina inhlabathi edingekayo.

Ukuhluma kwembewu kuthinteka ezimweni zokushisa ezihle. Inhlabathi isilungele ukutshala uma ishisa ku-5-8 degrees Celsius. Ama-karoti atshalwe ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, kodwa uma imbewu yokutshala kufanele ibuye ilandele izimo zezulu zesifunda.

Entwasahlobo udinga:

1. Gweba phansi futhi ngefosholo noma nanoma iyiphi enye indlela etholakalayo.
2. Ukwakha isakhiwo ngaphansi kwesanqante.
3. Ukwenza umquba ophilayo: i-humus, umquba. Ukwethulwa komquba omusha ekulungiseleleni inhlabathi yezinqathe kungavunyelwe - akuwamukeli.
4. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi uhanjiswe nge-rake. Ukukhulula inhlabathi kuyasiza ngoba ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isetshenziswe nge-oxygen.
5. Bese uthele umhlaba wokutshala nge-gardening.

Ukuhlwanyela izimpande kwi-tray, velisa okulandelayo:

1. imbobo inqunywa esitokisini ngasinye;
2. Amakhadibhodibhodi agxiliwe embhedeni ukuphawula indawo yokufika;
3. esitokisini ngasinye kufaka imbewu emibili;
4. bonke balala phansi;
5. ukuchelela ngamanzi okunisela, ukufafaza, ukuze izinhlamvu zihlale zikhona.

Ukutshala izaqathe emaqanda amaqanda kungenziwa ngaphandle kokusika phansi. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho isitsha sincane futhi sivulekile. Kulesi simo, amakhadibhodi angeke avimbele ukukhula kwama-izaqathe kanye nokutholwa komswakama kanye namaminerali emhlabathini.

Izaqathe zezitshalo ngebheyi zingaba ekhaya noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo efinyelelekayo, bese uyithumela embhede wensimu. Kuzodingeka nje ukuthi ungcwatshise ibhokisi lekhadibhodi emhlabathini bese unika amanzi embhedeni wensimu enamanzi okunisela. Cishe amasonto amabili emva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo ezilindelekile zizovela.

Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko

Umanyolo womhlabathi lapho utshala

Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zaqashelwa futhi umanyolo wasetshenziswa ngesikhathi, bese kudingeke ukuthi isicelo semaminerali ephindaphindiwe. Nokho uma izitshalo zomanyolo zingasetshenzisiwe, kufanele zengezwe ngezigaba ezimbili:

• esiteji sokuqala Umanyolo usetshenziselwa inyanga eyodwa emva kokuvela kwamaqathi;
• esigabeni sesibili - emva kwamasonto ayisithupha kusukela kwesicelo sokuqala samaminerali.

Ukunisela

Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuvumela ukuvunwa okungakaze kube khona kwezitshalo zempande:

• Akusiwo umswakama okwanele emhlabathini kuyoholela ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izaqathe azikwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele.
• Umswakama ongaphezulu futhi kunomphumela omubi ekukhuleni kweqathethi futhi kuholele ekuboyeni kwezimpande zawo.

Ukufaka umhlabathi ngobuningi bama-krotrot izithombo kufanele zibe ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-30.

1. Ukunisela ama-izaqathe nokunakekela izithombo kukhiqizwa ukunisela ukuchelela. Kuyasiza ukugcwalisa izitshalo ngomswakama.
2. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu kanye nokuvela kwamakhachothi, ukuchelela kumele kwandiswe kube ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi ngamamitha ayizikwele.
3. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezakhiwo ezifana nokuvala amaqabunga, kufanele uchithe izaqathe ngesilinganiso samalitha angu-20 ngesilinganiso semitha. Lokhu kunengxenye ekuthuthukiseni impande kanye nokuqoqwa kobuningi bayo.
4. Inyanga eyodwa nesigamu ngaphambi kokuvuna, inani lamanzi kufanele linciphise amalitha ayi-10, futhi ngesonto ngaphambi kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukunisela umhlaba lapho izaqathe zikhula khona.

Amaphutha

• Imbewu. Kumelwe ukuba zihlanzekile. Kakade ngonyaka wesibili wesitoreji, ukuhluma kwehla kakhulu, kanti amaconsi amathathu afika ku-30%.
• Ukuphuza okungalungile - Lesi yisizathu sokuqala semifino enomsoco nobabayo. Njengoba kunomsoco wamanzi, izaqathe ziba buthakathaka, izimpande ziba lula, zithole ukunambitheka okubabayo.

  Kodwa ukuchelela okuningi kakhulu esimweni esomile, futhi, ngeke kwenzeke. Umswakama owedlulele, kanye nesimo sezulu esibukhali, kubangele ukwanda kwezimpande izitshalo kusuka ngaphakathi. Eyakhelwe ezimweni zesomiso, izicubu zezitshalo zezimpande, ezilahlekelwe ukuqina kwazo, zingamelani nokucindezela kwezicubu ezanda ukukhula; ngenxa yalokho, izimpande zitshalo zigcwele ukuqubuka.

• Ukwehluleka ukondla umanyolo. Ukutshala izithombo ngamanyolo kungaba nemibonakalo ehlukahlukene. Ukukhiqiza kuncike enhlobo yomhlabathi nangesilinganiso sokulima. Ukondla nge-nitrogen kuthuthukisa i-protein metabolism ku izaqathe, kwandisa iphesenti ye-carotene, kodwa umthelela wabo omubi ubonakala ekunciphiseni kwephesenti noshukela owomile.

  Ukudla okweqile kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-non-protein nitrogen, okuyindawo enhle yokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya nefungi. Ngakho-ke, zikhona izifo zezithombo, bese izithelo, ezinciphisa izinga "lokugcina" futhi zandisa amathuba okuqothula ukuhluma ngesikhathi sokugcina.

Indlela yokutshala izaqathe emaqenjini amaqanda iyatholakala kulabo abathanda imibono yangempela futhi balwela ukufeza isitshalo esikhulu ngezindleko zezimali ezincane. Ngenxa yendlela yokutshala izaqathe emaqenjini angaphansi kwamaqanda, imibhede esakhiweni sezwe izobukeka kahle futhi ihlelwe kahle, ngenxa yemigqa yezithombo kanye nokungabi khona nokhula.