I-Golden Delicious iye yathandwa kakhulu iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi izimfihlo zamaqiniso ezihlukahlukene nezithakazelisayo. Ake sibuke umlando wezinhlobonhlobo nezici zesitshalo, amaphethini wokulima nokunakekelwa kwe-apula "yegolide".
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula i-Golden Delicious zakhiwe ngo-1890 eMelika, eSouth Virginia, ngenxa yokuwela okungahleliwe. Ukutadisha izimfanelo zesakhiwo somuthi omusha nayo kuthengwe. Umphumela waba ukuzaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezintsha, okuyisisekelo esasiyi-"Golden Excellent" (nalokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-apple). Manje liyaziwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. 
Uyazi? I-apula yasendle yaqala ukutshalwa esikhathini esidala ensimini ye-Kazakhstan neKyrgyzstan yanamuhla. Ukukhethwa kwaqalwa futhi kwaqhubeka ngempumelelo amaGreki asendulo. Kuzo izinhlu ezingu-40 zazo.
Izici eziphilayo
Izinhlobo zasebusika. Izithelo zingagcinwa kuze kube ngoMeyi-Ephreli.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene: izivuno ziphezulu, izithelo zokuvuthwa zisanda kuqala, ukuthutha nokugcinwa kwezinga eliphezulu, ukufaneleka ukucubungula. Izithelo aziwi emthini. Kodwa izinsalela zimi kanje: izivuno zingaba ziphakathi, umuthi we-apula awuthandi isomiso nezithelo ngamanqanaba okumswakama aphansi alondolozwe kahle. Lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli ukubonakala okubomvu.
Izithelo zigxile kakhulu izinto ezizuzisayo: I-Ascorbic acid, izinto ze-P ezisebenzayo, i-pectin, i-ascorbic acid, ushukela.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Golden Delicious" zaba isisekelo sokuzaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha: "Jonagold" (ukuhlanganisa kuka "Jonathan"), "Starling", "Royal Red Delicious".
Ngesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo "Red Delicious" eMelika, ukuhlukahluka kwesikhathi esizayo "Chief Red" yavuswa.
Incazelo yomuthi kanye nama-pollinator
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "I-Golden Delicious": umuthi wokuphakama okuphakathi, kufika kumamitha amathathu phezulu. Umuthi omdala wesimo esiyindilinga, ububanzi, unomkhuba wokwehla. Crown young "Golden Delicious" i-cone-like. Umuthi we-Apple uvuna kakhulu, futhi ngoba amagatsha njalo awela ngaphezu komhlaba. Amahlumela awunamaqabunga kakhulu, aqoshiwe, anombala obomvu ngokuthinta okuhlaza. I-Pubescence ibuthakathaka. Amagxolo e-apula asemnyama. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswa ekugcineni, e-oval futhi ebushelelezi. Umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ziyi-saucer-shaped, ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumhlophe nge-pink, i-pistil ikholomu. I-Fruiting ixutshwe.
Kungcono ukutshala eduze kwe "Golden Delicious" ama-pollinators: "I-Spur Delicious", "Idared", "Melrose", "Jonathan", "Wagner Prize". I-apula ayikwazi ukuvotela ngokuzimela.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zokutshala izidakamizwa zidinga ukutshala ngaphakathi kwendawo engamakhilomitha angu-0.5 ukusuka ku-Golden Delicious.
Incazelo yezithelo
Ama-apula amancane noma aphakathi ngobukhulu. Ifomu igoqiwe eduze nesitshalo, njenge-cone. I-peel ne-roughness encane, eyomile futhi enesisindo. Faka umbala wokukhanya okukhanyayo kokuqala, bese uba ophuzi-igolide ngenani elincane le-pigmentation eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngezinye izikhathi elinamahloni aluhlaza kusukela elangeni. Isisindo siyashintsha, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokukhula. Isibonelo, kungenzeka kube cishe ngo-140-170 g, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi. I-pulp ilukhuni, imhlophe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wayo uguquka ngenxa yokugcina ngokukhanya okuphuzi, futhi ukunambitheka kwe-dessert kuba okubabayo. Ikhwalithi ayilahlekile ngokugcina okulungile sonke isikhathi. Iphunga lezithelo likhanya. 
Ukuthela
Ukuvunwa cishe kuphakama njalo, nakuba kukhona ukuthambekela kokwenza isikhathi. Isihlahla esisodwa singaletha u-60 kg wezitshalo, futhi ngokunakekelwa kahle, 120 kg. Ama-apula anesisindo esinjalo kangangokuthi amane afana namagilebhisi. Ukuvuna kuqala ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala.
Izinhlobo zasebusika ze-apula zihlanganisa i- "Antey", "iNyakatho Synapse", "iMidunitsa Zimnyaya", "Imali", "Lobo", "Orlik", "Bogatyr".
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Kunconywa ukuthi uthenge izithombo ezitolo noma ezitolo ezikhethekile. Amasampula agulayo futhi angafaneleki angathengiswa ezimakethe zemvelo ngisho nakwabathengisi abazimele. Yiqiniso, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yezimpahla ngeke neze ilimele. Ikhwalithi ihle kakhulu uma:
- izimpande zithuthuka kakhulu;
- isitsha esinezintathu esinezintathu sinezinhlaka ezingu-3-4 zamathambo kuze kufike ku-60 cm ubude futhi izimpande zibe ngu-40 cm ubude;
- Azikho izimpawu zesifo, umonakalo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokugoma.
Uma uthatha isitshalo sonyaka, udinga ukulungiselela ukubunjwa okuzimele komqhele.
Imbewu ingathengwa nge-clod yenhlabathi ezimpandeni, futhi lokhu kuzoba ngaphezulu, njengalokhu kulesi sitshalo isitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha. 
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula kusayithi
Okokuqala kudingeka uqaphele isikhathi esifanele sokutshala isihlahla. Isimo sezulu nesimo sendawo sidlala indima ebalulekile.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Ukutshala kungenziwa ekwindla, lapho kungekho mhlabathi obandayo. Iningi lalo ngo-Okthoba. Uma kwakudingeka ukwenze entwasahlobo, kungcono ukulinda u-April ofudumele.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo
Ekukhethweni kwendawo kuncike empilweni yomuthi, ngakho-ke isivuno esihle. Esiqhingini se-apple yegolide kufanele kube nelanga eliningi, okulula ukuligcwalisa ngokutshala isihlahla ngasentshonalanga engadini. Umhlabathi okhanyayo we-loamy ne-carbonate-sody uyakukhetha, ngokungafani nesikhwama nesibalo. Nakuba kulezi ezihlukahlukene, kungaba yimuphi. Kodwa uma inhlabathi ibumba, qiniseka ukuthi ungeze isanti.
Ubuningi be-Acidity kufanele bungabi khona noma bube buncane. Ukuphakama kwamanzi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuyimitha engama-2m ukusuka phezulu kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula ezivuthwa impova zikhule eduze.
Kubalulekile! Apple ngumkhiqizo wokudla ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi okungama-80-90%. Inensimbi eningi, nakuba ingenwe ukwandisa i-hemoglobin ngenxa ye-digestibility. Ingxenye yetafula yesikhashana: i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-zinc, i-sodium, i-calcium, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-iodine, i-molybdenum. Ama-acids e-organic: i-citric, i-malic, i-acetic, i-succinic, i-folic, i-ascorbic, i-nicotin, i-chlorogenic. Amavithamini: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E, K, Z, ZZ. Izinto eziwusizo: i-pectin, i-carotene, isitashi, ama-catechini, amaprotheni namafutha ngobuncane, ama-fibre, ama-micro-macronutrients.
Ukulungiselela isitifiketi kanye nezithombo
Esikhathini sangasese akufanele sikhule izihlahla zezithelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lapho ukhetha indawo, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe: kufanele kukhanyiswe ngokugcwele, umhlaba kufanele ukhule, noma kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela ukulungiswa kwezinyumba eziqukethe umquba, futhi indawo akufanele ivuleke emoyeni obandayo. 
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile: kufanele kube khona isikhala esanele somqhele okhulayo (3 m phakathi kwezihlahla). Ukutshala isitshalo, umgodla we-1 m ububanzi kanye no-1 m ojulile ulungiselelwe amasonto amathathu noma inyanga ukuze inhlabathi ihlale phansi iphinde ifakwe.
In "Golden Delicious" ngaphambi kokutshala uphahla phezulu kanye nezinso ngesiphakamiso saphezulu. Ngakho ungavimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela angadingekile. Ama-5-6 efihlekile ngehlangothini elishiya emasendeni.
Inqubo kanye nohlelo
Kufakwa emgodini olungiselelwe umquba. Isibonelo, kuze kufike ku-1 kg wamalahle, kuze kufike ku-2 kg we-superphosphate, 1 noma 2 amabhakede ama-humus, kuze kufike ku-15 g we-potassium sulphate. Okulandelayo emgodini kufaka inombolo ukuthi ibambe isiqu. Isihlahla se-apula esinezimpande ezivulekile kufanele sitshalwe kwisisombululo esikhuthazayo sokukhula cishe amahora angu-1-2.
Uma uhlwanyela umuthi, intamo impande kufanele ihlale phansi emhlabathini ngecala lika-5 cm. Umgodi ugcwele umhlaba, futhi isitshalo sigxiliwe ngokusabalalisa ukusabalalisa umhlaba. Okulandelayo, i-trunk iboshelwe isikhonkwane futhi ichithe phezu kwamabhakede amabili amanzi. Ekupheleni, isendlalelo esiphezulu sihlanganiswe nama-humus futhi sihlanganiswe kancane. Njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu ukutshala lesihlahla kumele kusetshenziswe ngokusebenzisa amabhakede angama-4. 
Iziqu ezinomhlaba noma ezitsheni zifakwe emgodini futhi zimbozwe umhlaba.
Khumbula: ibanga eliphakathi kwemikhumbi kufanele libe yi-3 m.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukuhlakulela abalimi be-"Golden Delicious" ukuba balinganise inani lama-ovarie nezimbali, njengoba izithelo zihlehla ngenani elikhulu. Futhi amagatsha ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile. Kodwa le nqubo ingomunye wabaningi, umsebenzi wabo ukuvunwa okuhle kanye nempilo yomuthi. Kusukela ekunakekeleni kwenkathi kuncike kulokho ukunambitheka nesisindo kuzoba ngama-apula.
Uyazi? UChisato Ivasagi, waseJapane, wakhulela eMhlabeni ngo-2005: 1.85 kg wesisindo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Emva kokutshala izihlahla zidinga ukususa ngokucophelela ukhula. Kudingeka ukuphuza umuthi izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, ungakhohlwa, ngoba lokhu okuhlukahlukene akuthandi isomiso. Ukuphuza okokuqala ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese emva kokuqhakaza ekupheleni kwamasonto amathathu, ngaphambi kokuvuna amaviki angu-3-4, futhi ekugcineni, ngesikhathi seqabunga liwa.
Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi kubalulekile njalo entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi uma umuthi usemncane. Ukunciphisa umzimba kwenziwa emva kokunisela, ukutshala, ukuze ukwandise isivuno. Kuze kube sekugcineni, sebenzisa indawo ejikeleze isihlahla nomanyolo ohlaza. I-radius ingaba kusuka ku-30 cm kuya ku-1.5 m. Kuhle ukuhlwanyela i-nasturtium ngaphansi kwe-apula njengomuthi womanyolo ohlaza. 
Ukudla
Ukuze ujabulise isivuno, inhlabathi ihlale isondliwa ngendaba ephilayo kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali. Njalo ngonyaka yenza umanyolo noma umquba. Umquba uqaliswa ekwindla, ngezinye izikhathi nge-addition of superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium. Ngonyaka kabili ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo we-nitrogen, kungenzeka kakhulu. Isixazululo se-urea siyabhekwa njengesigqoko esihle sokuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; ehlobo, i-sodium iyasiza ekubunjweni kwanoma imuphi umanyolo.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefute nge "Topaz" ukuze kuvikelwe isikhutha se-powdery, ngemuva kokukhazimula kwe-chlorine ye-copper oxide efanelekile. Ungaphinde ukondle umuthi we-phosphate nomanyolo we-potash.
- Ukuqothula ama-Brown kungavinjelwa ngokuphuza umhlabathi ngokulinganisela njalo njalo, nokumba umhlabathi ngaphambi kokubusika.
- Ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kubalulekile ukuhlanzeka kwamagatsha.
- Izinambuzane, njengezifo, zidinga ukuvimbela ngokucophelela.
- UKarbofos uvikela ama-aphid aluhlaza. Futhi ungagcina isihlahla esivela ku-apple mite, uchithe igxolo elidala kusuka kulo bese usishaya indawo ngesisombululo seKarbofos. Ama-aphid aluhlaza kanye nama-apula ama-apple angalahlwa ngamagatsha avuthayo.
- Ukuze uvimbele umonakalo we-beetle enombala-apula, i-trunk namagatsha amadala akhululwa emgodini omdala.
- I-nitrofen engama-3% ivimbela amapheshana. Noma ungasebenzisa i-prophylactic esikhathini ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezinso.
Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nale nkathazo ye-apple njengomuthi we-apple.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Ukwakhiwa komqhele njalo kudingekile, futhi isimo kufanele sinikezwe spherical. Okuncane okungenziwa kungukuqeda, ukuvuselelwa ngokukhipha izihlahla nokunakekelwa kwemvelo. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha akhula ngokuqinile nama-vertical, ahlukene ngonyaka odlule. Konke lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi ezihlukahlukene ziphelele.
Ungakwazi ukugoba ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, ukuze ikakhulukazi ususe amagatsha afriziwe, futhi ekwindla, eyomile futhi ebolile. Ngisho ehlobo, ukusika izihlahla kungenzeka ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya kwesithelo. Ngemuva kokuqhwa kwamaqhwa akunakwenzeka.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Bamba inhlabathi ngasekwindla sekwephuzile, bawufake bese bewuthambisa. I-Pristvolnye imibuthano yemibuthano. Izitshalo ezincane zimhlophe ngodaka, futhi amadala ane-lime anganezwa nge-sulfate nethusi nezinkuni glue.
Ukuze uvikele emelene namagundane futhi uhambe endleleni yokugxilisa, i-trunk igwetshiwe futhi ihlanganiswe nakho konke okungasiza: iphepha, indwangu, i-burlap, amagatsha e-spruce. Kuhle ukusebenzisa i-polyethylene foam ye-pipe insulation. Ngaphambi kobusika kungcono ukufudumala isitshalo. Nakuba bethi kubinzima okumangalisa, kuthanda ukushisa. Ngesikhathi sezintambo kuyadingeka ukuba uhlanganise iqhwa elangeni lobubanzi besondo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-Golden Delicious, eyinqobe izwe lonke, unyaka ngamunye uzonikeza umndeni wakho izithelo ezinhle, izithelo nezinhlobonhlobo zamalungiselelo ezivela kubo. Jabulela!
