Ngokuvamile zonke izihlahla noma izihlahla ezitshalwe ngenjongo yokuhlobisa noma ukuthola imikhiqizo zidinga izihlahla, okumelwe zenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba nomonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemithetho yokusika izihlahla kanye nezihlahla, sixoxe ngesidingo sezenzo ezinjalo, futhi uchaze ngokuningiliziwe yonke inqubo.
Kungani ukusika izihlahla
Okokuqala, ukusika izihlahla kanye nezihlahla akukwenzi nje kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi ehlobo / ekwindla, ngokulandelana, ngokuya ngenkathi, inhloso yokuguqula ihlukahluka.
Ukusika izihlahla. Izenzo ezinjalo zenziwa zombili ukuze zenze umqhele wesihlahla noma isitshalo ukuze udale isimo esifanele, futhi uthole ukulinganisa ukuze isivuno sivuthwe ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile ingxenye ethile yesitshalo.
Ukulungisa i-fruiting. Yenziwa kuphela izitshalo ezikhiqizayo. Iphuzu ukulungisa isikhathi se-fruiting kanye nemvamisa.
Ukuthuthukisa ukukhanyisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi amagatsha angenhla angase aqine kangangokuthi amagatsha aphansi ngeke athole ukukhanya nhlobo, ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo izoqala ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi ibe nekhwalithi ehlukile. Yenziwa ukwandisa isivuno.
Uyazi? Ukusebenzisa izihlahla futhi ukwenza ngokufanele umqhele, ungakhula i-bonsai kusuka ku-hawthorn, engeke ivumele izihlahla zaseJapane ezincane. I-bonsai isebenzisa inqwaba yokusika izihlahla, ukuphumula, futhi usebenzise ifreyimu kanye nemigqa.Ukuvuselela nokuhlanzeka. Esimweni sokuqala kwenziwa ukuze umise ukuguga kwesihlahla. Ukusika amahlumela amadala, uphoqelela isitshalo ukuthi sikhule, esisha. Esikhathini sesibili, sisusa amagatsha abonakalisiwe, abomile nalabagulayo, ukuze umuthi ungabi nezifo nezinambuzane, futhi ususe umqhele futhi uthuthukise ukukhanya kwezihlumela eziphansi.
Kuvela ukuthi imfoloko ngayinye iyadingeka esimweni esithile, futhi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zesitshalo ngokukhipha izihlahla eyodwa kutholakala kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuba unqunywe ngesikhathi esithile, kodwa futhi ngokunembile, ngaphandle kwalokho "uzongena" isiko lakho futhi uzoshaywa ngokushesha yizifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane.Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezihlahla ezifanele nezihlahla ezinjengalezi: i-apula, i-pear, i-cherry, i-cherry, iplamu, i-apricot, i-peach, amagilebhisi, okusajingijolo, i-currant, i-ugqumugqumu.
Amamukeli Wabaqalayo
Okulandelayo, sizoxoxa ngezindlela zokusika ezizosiza abalimi abangenalwazi ukuba basuse kahle amahlumela angafuneki bese benza umqhele.
Amagatsha okunciphisa
Inqubo ukukhipha ukukhula konyaka ukukhulisa ukukhula futhi kushukumise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinso, ezitholakala ekunqunyweni. Futhi, amagatsha ngemva kokunciphisa ukutshala, okuba nomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni (amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu amelana nesisindo sezithelo kangcono futhi ahlupheke ngaphansi kokuphefumula umoya). Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa, sisusa i-1/5 noma i-1/4 (ukuncishiswa okunciphisa), kodwa hhayi kulelo gatsha lonke, kodwa ngokunyuka kwonyaka. Okungukuthi, kusukela ubude igatsha landa ngaphezu konyaka.
Kuncike emandleni okunciphisa, ukuhlukanisa okubuthakathaka, okuphakathi (1/3 ubude) nokuqina (1/2). Manje ake sikhulume ngokudubula ukuguga, lapho ingxenye enkulu yehlumela isusiwe.
Uma ukukhula kweminyaka engu-2-3 kususwe, kubhekwa njengokubheka ukukhanya, ukukhishwa kwezinkuni ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala kuvuselelwa, futhi uma inqwaba yezihlungulu ziqedwa - ukuvuselelwa okuqinile.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvuselelwa okuqinile kuyenzeka kakhulu, uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu emahlumela noma ukunciphisa okukhulu ngobukhulu bomqhele.
Ukususa amagatsha angasetshenziswa
Ukususwa kwamahlumela okuhlala njalo akumele kwenziwe kuphela ukuze kususwe amagatsha anesifo noma esomile, kodwa futhi nokugcoba umqhele noma ukubunjwa kwawo.
Kungenzeka ukuba unqume amagatsha nxazonke bese ususa kancane kancane amahlumela ohlangothini olulodwa. Ungase futhi ususe umqhubi wesikhungo ukuze unciphise ukukhula, kodwa lokhu kwenziwa emva kokwakheka kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukwenza isidingo esifanayo sokwenza izihlahla emva kokumiswa okuphelele kwesitshalo. Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokufika, ukususwa akunakwenziwa.
Ukususwa kwendandatho kusiza ukunciphisa umqhele ojikelezayo, nokunciphisa umthwalo jikelele, ukukhanyisa amagatsha aphansi nokuthuthukisa ukulethwa kwezakhi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu.Ukususwa okuyingxenye kusiza ukukhokhela ukuthuthukiswa komuthi, lapho amahlumela amaningi ethuthuka ohlangothini olulodwa kunalunye. Isimiso sokulinganisa sinikeza ukuzinza okungcono kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhluma isihlahla esinjalo ngeke "siwe" ohlangothini olulodwa.
Izici zokwakhiwa komqhele we-pyramidal nokukhala
Masiqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ukwakheka komqhele kufanele kuthathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, futhi hhayi lapho sekuvele kwakhiwe futhi ungakwazi ukulungisa umqhele kuphela. Ake siqale ngomqhele we-pyramidal.
Umqhele onjalo unamalungu amaningana, okwakhiwa kuwo wonke amagatsha amahlumela amahlanu avela esitokisini esiseduze. Izihlahla zokuqala ezifomayo zenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala.
Sidinga ukusika isitshalo esiphakathi kuhlumela, okuzobe kuhambisane nokuthambekela komuthi. Okulandelayo, unqume amahlumela, udale ama-longlines. Amahlumela aqinile anquma aphansi, abuthakathaka - aphezulu. Amagatsha amahlumela angakwesokunxele kudingeka afinyezwe izikhathi ezingu-2.
Okulandelayo, qapha ukukhula futhi ufeze izihlahla ezimbili, okwenza uhlangothi lwesibili. Amagatsha omzimba we-tier yesibili kumele atholakale ngaphezu kwezikhathi zokuqala.
Kubalulekile! Izikhathi phakathi kwama-third party - 50 cm
Ngemuva kwesigamu sesibili, ezinye zibekwe, ngakho-ke umuthi ngamunye olandelayo unamagatsha amancane omfishane kunalowo owedlule. Emva kwakho konke ukuphatha, uthola umqhele ngesimo sepiramidi, ekhanyiswa ngokuphelele yilanga futhi uyakwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle.Uma ufuna ukuthola umqhele we-pyramidal ongewona uhlangothi, ungabeki amakhemikhali omzimba futhi ungagcini amagatsha amancane amancane.
Ukukhala umqhele. Yakhiwa kokubili ngosizo lwezihlahla ezifanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala sidinga ukusika isiqu emagatsheni angaphansi.
Okulandelayo, unciphisa amagatsha omzimba ngamacimbi ukuze ngesikhathi samagatsha amancane ekhula aqondiswe phansi. Sidinga ukususa ama-buds aphansi futhi sinqume wonke amahlumela akhula.
Uma udinga ukwakha umqhele omkhulu wokukhala, bese ushiya amagatsha amaningi amacembe futhi, emva kokudubula kokuqala, eduze nokunqunyulwa kwehlumela legazi, shiya igatsha elilodwa elizokhula phezulu. Kudingeka futhi sinqunywe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kutholakale ukuhlanganiswa futhi kukhishwe igatsha elisha lezinhlanzi.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ukulula, kodwa awukwazi ukubala amandla futhi uphule amahlumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-stretch marks asetshenziselwa umuthi oneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, kungenjalo amagatsha "azokhokha" ngokuqondile. 
Uyazi? Ngosizo lwemigomo, ungakha umqhele omangalisayo wokukhala noma "umthombo" ohlanganiselwe lapho ngisho nesitshalo esincane singashintshwa khona.
Izithelo zokuguga eziguga, ukuguqula umqhele wezinkuni zakudala
Manje ake sixoxisane ngokutshala izihlahla zezithelo kubaqaphi ngokufaka esikhundleni esifanele somqhele omdala ukwenzela ukwandisa izivuno noma ukuthola ukubukeka okuhle emehlweni.
Ngenye indlela iyahamba
Ukudubula kwenziwa ukuze kususwe izinkuni ezilinakele ezikhungweni zokuqala. Kuncike ekuphakameni kwesihlahla, ukusika kwenziwa 60-150 cm kusuka emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kunamaphi amahlumela noma amaqabunga ngakwesobunxele ngenhla. Uma kungenjalo, umuthi uzoba nzima kakhulu ukwakha kabusha wonke uhlaza oluhlaza.
Ukunqunywa kufanele kube bushelelezi. Emapulini angaphansi kwe-cut should not be cracks, ukhunta noma izimbobo. Kufanele ube nento enjengale: isitshalo esiphakeme, esivela kuzo amahlumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kukhula ngokweqile, kungenziwa umqhele wesi-pyramidal ngosizo lokwelula. 
Ngenxa yalokho, ngezinye izindlela uzotheka izinkuni zakudala futhi, uma konke kuhamba ngendlela efanele, uzothola umuthi omncane onesithelo esihle esibeletha emva kweminyaka embalwa. Iphuzu akuyona nje engxenyeni engenhla, kepha ohlelweni oluhle lwempande, oluthatha indawo encane futhi luzokwenza umgudu wokukhula.
Ukususwa ezinyathelweni ezimbili
Ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, izitshalo eziningi zensimu zikhula kangangokuthi isivuno asikwazi ukuvunwa, kanti amahlumela aphansi ayafa ngenxa yokuqina komqhele, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ekugcineni. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi banquma ukubeka esikhundleni umqhele ngezigaba ezimbili, esizoxoxa ngawo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, amahlumela amanengi eningizimu asuswa, anciphisa kakhulu amagatsha amancane ahamba ngendlela efanele. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3, ukuqhutshwa okufanayo kuyenziwa ngecala elisenyakatho lomuthi, emva kwalokho bathola umqhele obuyekeziwe, ohlinzeka ngokwengeziwe ukukhetha izithelo. 
Iphuzu liwukuthi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa uzothola isivuno ngonyaka.
Kubalulekile! I-Shtamb kumele ibe nempilo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusika kungasebenzi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuqeda ukusika izihlahla
Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngezinzuzo nezingozi zokutshala izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla entwasahlobo.
Izinzuzo:
- Ukunqunywa kusheshe kuqiniswe ngenxa yokugeleza okuhle kokusa.
- Izimo eziduduzayo.
- Ungasusa zombili amagatsha omile anesifo, bese uqhwaqwe kuze kube umzuzwana lapho umuthi uqala ukunikeza wonke amandla ayo ekwakheni uhlaza oluhlaza.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-pruner engadini.Umthengi:
- Kuyadingeka ukuqagela umzuzu oqondile wamanxeba okuphulukisa ngokushesha.
- Imigomo yokusika izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, okwenza kube nzima "ukucubungula" insimu yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ukusika izihlahla akufanelekile izitshalo ezakha amafihlezi amahlumela ezinyakeni zonyaka odlule.
Lokhu kuphetha ingxoxo ngesihloko sokutshala izihlahla ezihlukahlukene zegadi nezitshalo. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukwakheka komqhele kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ukwephula okuyoholela ekuthuthukiseni izingxenye zomhlaba nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Zama ukugwema amaphutha anzima ukulungisa kamuva.
