I-Fir ingowomndeni wama-pin. Itholakala emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezifudumele nezesibhakabhaka eNyakatho Hemisphere. Okuvamile emasimini e-coniferous, kodwa angakhula ngokuxubene nokuziqhenya. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 ze-genus. I-fir e-Ornamental ivame ukusetshenziswa ukutshala izakhiwo ezizimele, amapaki, izikwele.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela i-fir, ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo ye-fir
I-Fir ibhekisela kulezo zitshalo, okukhiqizwa okungenzeka nge imbewu, ukusika nokubeka. Okokuqala cabanga ngendlela yokuqala.
Ngesikhathi futhi kuphi inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela i-fir
Ngokungafani nezithombo, ezingatshalalwa ekwindla, kungcono ukuhlwanyela ama-fir phakathi entwasahlobo. Khetha inhlabathi, inhlabathi evulekile, phezulu nge-sawdust ungqimba lwe-2 cm, ufake imbewu bese ufafaza ungqimba lwe-sawdust obukhulu obuyi-1-1.5 cm. Khulisa ngokukhululekile. Ungahlwanyela futhi usebenzise umhlabathi osolwandle-sod ekujuleni kwamasentimitha amabili. Akudingekile ukuba amanzi, ukuze angenanga isikhumba.
Izitshalo zeConiferous ezifana nomjunipha we-scaly, i-cedar pine, i-conik spruce, i-foxtail yama-myriac, i-cypress, i-cryptomeria, i-larch, imisedari, i-thuja entshonalanga "i-Brabant", i-yew ne-hermes icebile kuma-phytoncides - izinto ezivimbela amabhaktheriya abangela izifo.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-fir, faka i-greenhouse nge-foil, okufanele isuswe phakathi no-Agasti. Ekuqaleni kwebusika, faka konke ngamahlamvu omile.
Ukucwiliswa kwembewu, indlela yokulungisa izinto zokutshala ezifakiwe
Imbewu, okufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, qala ukulungiselela ukutshala ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3. Ukwandisa ukuhluma, unciphisa igobolondo, ubeke imbewu emgqeni. Gcoba imbewu ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate engu-5%, hlambulula ngamanzi bese ugoba amahora angu-24. Ngokulandelayo, zifakwa ezikhwameni ze-nylon ezigcwele isihlabathi esilisayo. Futhi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-fir, faka konke efrijini noma ngeqhwa leqhwa.
Uyazi? U-Fir okhulile kusuka enzalweni uzokhula kancane kancane ekuqaleni. Iminyaka emine, izofaka nje ukuphakama kuka-30-40 cm kuphela. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi liqala ngokuyinhloko uhlelo lwempande. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhula kuzosheshisa ngokuphawulekayo.
I-Scheme Seed Seed
Izindlela zokuhlwanyela imbewu yezinhlobo eziyisithupha noma ezintathu-ukuxhumanisa imbewu enesilinganiso se-1.5-3 cm manje zisetshenzisiwe kabanzi. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhungo zomugqa kungaba okulandelayo: 10/10/40/10/10/70 cm noma 10 / 25 (30) / 10/25 (30) / 10/70 (60) cm Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa imbewu.
UFir: indlela yokunakekela amahlumela
Amahlumela ahluma emavikini angu-3-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungaqala ukuwahambisa futhi ukhulule inhlabathi. Gcina umhlabathi unomsoco. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo, imvamisa kanye nevolumu yokukhuphuka. Ukushisa kufanele kube njalo nge-ventilated. Esikhathini sehlobo, ukudla okuthathu kwenziwa nge-mullein (ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 5) noma isisombululo se-hydroponic esingu-1%. Hlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela.
Uma usukwazi ukuhluma imbewu ye-fir futhi emva kweminyaka engu-2-3, lapho izithombo zikhula, kuzodingeka zifakwe kabusha. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ukubeka izitshalo kude kube ngu-30-50 cm. Phakathi nenqubo, unqume izingxenye ezide kakhulu futhi ezilimele ohlelweni lwempande bese ulucubungula ngenkulumo, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi engadini kanye nengxenye eyodwa ye-humus. Manje ukuphuza nokukhishwa okulandelayo kuyenzeka kanye ngesonto. Ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, entwasahlobo, ungenza umquba womanyolo noma owenziwe ngamaminerali. 
Ukutshala izithombo ensimini
Isinyathelo sokugcina ekutshalweni kwe-fir kusuka imbewu ukufakelwa izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-5-7 endaweni ekhethiwe.
Lapho ufika endaweni enomphela, khumbula ukuthi amafirs akhetha i-loamy, inhlabathi ecebile, enothileyo. Zombili izingxenye ezinomthunzi nezomhlaba zaleso sakhiwo zizokwenza. Uma amanzi ehluma, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuzophuza, futhi bangathola izifo zenyamazane. Nakuba izindawo ezomile nazo zikhetha okubi.
Izwe entwasahlobo noma ekuwa kwekuseni. Gweba umgodi wokutshala emkhatsini wama-50-80, ukhulule phansi bese ubeka uma kunesidingo ungqimba lwamanzi, itshe elichotshoziwe elifanele, izitini eziphukile. Engeza u-300 g wamanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-sawdust engxenyeni yomhlabathi kusuka ezingxenyeni ezintathu zamaqabunga ama-humus, izingxenye zeshlabathi nezingxenye ze-peat. Beka konke phansi komgodi bese uhlela izimpande zesitshalo phezulu. Fakela inhlabathi yensimu ukuze intamo impande isezansi.
Njengoba ungabona, ukukhulisa i-fir embewu, udinga ukwenza umzamo othile. Lena inqubo ende. Kodwa kunezinye izindlela. 
Uyazi? Igama elithi "fir" livela egameni lesiJalimane elithi "Fichte", elisho i-fir. Isici sesici se-fir-spruce isinaliti esicacile nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi izigaxa zalo zikhula futhi zinyuka emthini, okufana nemisedari, futhi hhayi omunye umndeni we-pine pine.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cuttings fir
Okulandelayo, sibheka indlela yokukhulisa i-spruce fir.
Ukuthengwa kwezinsimbi
Kule ndlela yokukhiqiza, amahlumela waminyaka yonke kuphela nge-apical bud kanye nesithende kufanelekile, mhlawumbe kusukela phezulu komqhele womuthi osemusha oneminyaka engu-4-8 ubudala. Ubude kufanele bube ngu-5-8 cm. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukuthi bangagcini, kodwa baqede ukusika kahle. Inqubo ingenziwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka: ngo-Ephreli, ngoJuni (ngesikhathi sokukhula okujulile), ngo-Agasti (lapho i-lignification iqala) futhi ngo-Septhemba-Okthoba (lapho ama-cuttings esevele e-lignified). 
Kubalulekile! Izicucu ezithathwe ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo zitshalwe ngokushesha, futhi ama-lignified kufanele agcinwe kuze kube entwasahlobo ekushiseni kuka-1-5 ° C nomswakama ophezulu. Isitsha sepulasitiki esifanelekayo esiqandisini.Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla ze-fir kuhilela ukukhipha isisindo esithendeni ngaphambi kokutshala. Isigxobo sesithende akufanele sikhiphe izinkuni. Esikhathini esizayo, izitshalo azitholakali izifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni, kumele zigcinwe kwisisombululo se-2% se-captan, i-foundationol noma i-potassium permanganate eqinile.
Izici zokunquma kwe-rooting ye-fir
Hlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, ama-humus namaqabunga emhlabeni. I-cuttings izitshalo ezingaba ngu-10 cm ngaphandle kwalesi sansi futhi zimboze ngeglasi noma i-polyethylene. Khulisa ngokukhululekile. Uma kunokwenzeka, hlela ukushisa okuphansi (2-3 ° C ngenhla yokushisa kwegumbi). Beka ama-cuttings endaweni ekhanyayo ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Umoya wansuku zonke. Entwasahlobo, amanzi okuphuza amancane angasetshenziswa nsuku zonke, ehlobo - kuze kube izikhathi ezine, bese kuthi ukuchelela kufanele kunciphise futhi kanye ngosuku. 
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cuttings fir - Lokhu akuyona indlela eyi-100%. Ngokujwayelekile cishe ngo-60-70% awuthathi izimpande. Uma uqale ukugxila izitshalo entwasahlobo, ungabaphazamisi kuze kube ngonyaka ozayo. Yehlisa kancane kancane, uvula i-greenhouse isikhathi eside. Ungadluli, kodwa ungapheli ngaphezulu kwe-substrate. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, sekukhona kakade ukutshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezihlukene. Emva kokuqala kwe-rooting, kuyasiza ukupakisha ama-cuttings nge-mixer ye-mineral nutrient.
Hlola izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo ze-fir.
Ukutshala ama-cuttings emhlabathini ovulekile
Okuhle kunakho konke, i-fir kusuka ku-cuttings izosetshenziselwa uma itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kwisimo sezulu esifudumele, ngaphansi kwemvula. Ukutshala ama-cuttings kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nezithombo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ama-firs etshalwe ngezinsizane, shiya phakathi kwabo ibanga lamamitha angu-4-5. Uma kunamahede - cishe ngamamitha angu-2.5. Uma ukufika kuzoba yiqembu, bese - 3-3,5 amamitha.Ungakhohlwa ngokuchelela njalo emva kokutshala.
Indlela yokusakaza ukufakwa kwe-fir
Ukugcina izinhlobo ze-varietal ze-fir, okungajwayelekile, kepha zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, hhayi ukusika kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusika. Le ndlela ayifuni isiqiniseko sokuthi umumo womqhele uzohlala. Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo noma izitshalo ezikhohlisiwe zivame ukukhula. Kodwa azikho izinkinga ngalendlela.
Entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, udinga ukugoba igatsha emhlabathini kanye ne-prikopat, uphakamise phezulu. Lungisa ukugoba ngocingo noma isisindo. Ukusika ngokucophelela phansi wonke amagatsha awela emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwamagatsha amakhulu, yenza ukusikeka kokubamba izinkuni noma ucingo. Ungasheshi ukuhlukanisa igatsha esitshalweni somzali, ukuchithe ngezigaba, kancane kancane usike umhlanganiso. Ukuvuthwa komzimba kuthatha iminyaka engu-1-2, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kugcina umswakama womhlabathi.
Lesi sihloko sasikhuluma nge-fir, izici zokukhiqiza kwayo. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Ngemva kokubukeza ulwazi olunikeziwe, ungakhetha okufanele kakhulu kuwe futhi usebenzise kalula.
