I-Fir iyi-green coniferous egcwele umqhele. Umqhele we-fir uqala kusukela ku-stem. Emithini ekhulile, phezulu komqhele ugoqiwe noma ungabhalwa.
Umbala we-periderm uwu-grey, awunamathele ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-fir. I-periderm yezihlahla ezivuthiwe ziba zikhudlwana futhi ziqhekeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-fir garden zinezinaliti zeluhlaza-oluhlaza noma umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinaliti zezihlahla eziningi ziyizicabha, ezihlaza okomnyama zimibala ngemibala ebisi ngezansi.
I-Fir inephunga elimnandi le-coniferous. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 ze-fir, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanele ukuklama izinga lokulima, ngoba izitshalo ezilodwa zikhula zibe ngamamitha angamashumi ayisithupha. Ama-Cones atholakala phezulu komqhele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-cones kuthatha amashumi eminyaka. Izigaxa ezimbi ziwela emhlabathini ngezinxenye ezinzima. Isimpande se-fir sinamandla.
Kukhona ama-firs anezigaxa ezihlobisa, lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-firgy yaseKorea, i-Wichi fir, i-monochrome fir, i-Fraser fir, i-firgy yaseSiberia. I-Fir ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibuye zinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngezansi yizinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezivamile ze-fir.
Uyazi? Isici esihlukile sezitshalo ezifakwe yi-fir izindawo ze-resin e-periderm, hhayi izinkuni.
I-Balsam Fir
Izwe lakwaBhalmeam Fir eNyakatho Melika naseCanada. Isihloko somuthi siyingqayizivele, sinomdlandla, futhi sihlosiwe, siphansi. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - kusuka kumamitha angu-15 kuya kwangu-25. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-periderm iyashintsha umbala wayo kusuka othulini-obomvu kuya obomvu obomvu, futhi ihlumela kusuka ku-ruby ibe yombala obomvu. Amagatsha afakwa ensimbi e-tiers. Izinaliti zikhazimulayo, ziluhlaza okweshevu, ngephunga elimnandi le-balsamic, ama-cones amancane ombala we-lilac. 
I-cones cylindrical, kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayishumi. Lezi zinhlobo ze-fir zibekezelela ukuthungatha, ukuvimbela kwamaqhwa nokukhula okusheshayo. Amagatsha we-low tier ahlome kahle. I-balsam fir iboniswa amafomu ezindiza ezincane ze-ornamental njengeNana no-Hudsonia.
Izihlahla ezinjalo ezivuthiwe nezihlahla ezinjenge-spruce, i-honeysuckle, i-cypress, umjunipha, ibhokisi, i-pin, i-thuja, i-yew izoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu we-dacha.
Ukuhlukahluka kwama-balsam fir Nana isitshalo esikhula kancane esimweni se-shrub encane. Isihlahla sibheke phansi, simise umsila, ukuphakama akudluli amasentimitha angu-50, futhi ububanzi buyizingqimba ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Izinaliti zasemahlathini zifushane, ama-ruby-colored, ahlaselwa phansi, aphunga kakhulu. U-Nana ubusika-obuqinile, kodwa akabekezeli ukushisa okuphezulu nesomiso.I-fir monochrome
Izwe lomhlaba we-monochrome fir yizindawo eziphakeme ze-USA nasenyakatho yeMexico. Izihlahla zikhula ngamamitha ayisithupha. Umqhele ububanzi obukhulu. I-Periderm i-dense, umbala ompunga okhanyayo onemifantu e-oblong. Izinaliti ze-monochrome fir yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, ubude bayo buba ngamasentimitha ayisithupha. 
Umbala wezinaliti usuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, buthaka futhi ube nephunga elimnandi lemon. Ama-cones anombala omnyama obomvu, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-12 cm, ukuma kuyisimiso se-oval-cylindrical. I-monochrome fir iyisihlahla esanda ukukhula, ukumelana nemimoya, ubumnyama, isomiso kanye nesithwathwa. Uphila iminyaka engaba ngu-350. I-Fir monochrome inefomu eziningana zokuhlobisa, phakathi kwazo izinhlobo ezidumile njenge-Violacea ne-Compact.
I-Violacea - i-floral monochrome fir. Umqhele womuthi ukhululekile, uqonde, ukuphakama akudluli amamitha ayisishiyagalombili. Izinaliti oblong, ezimhlophe neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le fomu ye-fir ayitholakali kutholakala ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa. 
I-Campakta iyi-shrub esheshayo ekhula kancane enegatsha elihleliwe. Ubude bezinaliti bufinyelela kumamitha angu-40, umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. NjengeViolaceu, ingahlangatshezwa kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Izinaliti eziqinile zishintsha njalo eminyakeni embalwa futhi aziqothuli, okwenza kube mnandi ekusetshenzisweni kwemvelo.
I-Kefallin fir (isiGreki)
U-Kefalli fir uhlala eningizimu ye-Albania naseGreece, ezintabeni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuphakama, isitshalo sikhula ngamamitha angu-35, ububanzi be-trunk bufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Umqhele ukhululekile, u-tapered, ophansi. I-periderm ihlehliswa isikhathi. Ukukhula okuncane kunqunu, kufaka sengathi kuphuziziwe, kukhanya, kunombala obomvu noma obomvu obomvu. Umbala ophethwe yizinso, u-red-lilac. 
Izinaliti ezifinyelela ku-3.5 cm ubude nobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Iziqongo zezinaliti zibukhali, izinaliti ngokwazo zikhanya futhi ziluhlaza, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu futhi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi. Izinaliti zihlelwe ngefomu lokuvunguza, eduze komunye nomunye. Ama-cones amancane, i-cylinder-like, i-tar, enkulu. Okokuqala, ama-bumps anemibala ye-lilac, futhi njengoba ikhula, iphenduka i-brown-purple. I-fir yesiGreki isimiso esomile, sikhula kancane, sesaba amahora ebanda.
I-White Fir (i-Black Manchu)
Izwe lakubo eligcwele amaqabunga amaqabunga eningizimu yePrimorye, eNyakatho yeChina naseKorea. Isihlahla sikhula ngamamitha angu-45. Umqhele ukhululekile, ububanzi be-pyramidal, bukhululekile, buwehla phansi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwe-fir umbala wegxolo - okokuqala kuluhlaza okomnyama bese kuba mnyama. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, i-periderm iphuzi okwephuzi ngombala. Izinaliti eziqinile, ezinzima, ezibukhali, eziqinile. Phezu kwezinaliti zombala omnyama omnyama kukhanya, futhi phansi kukhanya. 
Izinaliti zihlelwe emagatsheni emagagasi. I-Black Manchurian fir ishintsha izinaliti njalo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye. Ama-cones enama-cylindrical shape, umbala obomvu okhanyayo, i-tar, i-velvet-pubescent. Iminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila ikhula kancane, bese ukukhula kukhula ngokushesha. Ukuphila kwesihlahla sekuyiminyaka engama-400. Umuthi ubusika-obunzima, obunomthunzi obubekezelayo, obumelana nomoya, kudinga umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi kanye nemvelo.
I-Nordmann fir (i-Caucasian)
Izwe laseFaucasus laseCaucasus yiCaucasus entshonalanga neTurkey. I-Nordmann fir ikhula ngamamitha angu-60 ukuphakama, ububanzi be-trunk - kufika kumamitha amabili. Umqhele wesigxobo esincane esimisiwe, esinesibindi. Izimila ezincane zinombala okhanyayo obomvu noma ophuzi periderm, ekugcineni uguga. Amajaji angabomvu obomvu bese e-white-grey.
Izinaliti ziluhlaza okomnyama, zinyene, phansi kwezinaliti zesiliva. Ngeke uhlangabezane ne-firus yaseCaucasia, ngoba umuthi unobusika obunzima obusika obuphansi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-fir yokulima okuhlobisa: Pendula Aurea, Gtauka, Albo-Spekata. 
Uyazi? Ubude besikhathi sika-Nordmann fir yiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu.
Sakhalin fir
I-Sakhalin fir eyisizwe saseSakhalin neJapane. Lesi sitshalo sihlobisa kakhulu, sibe ngamamitha angamashumi amathathu ukuphakama, sinombala we-periderm obushelelezi wombala wensimbi omnyama, okhula ubumnyama njengoba ukhula. Ububanzi be-seedling abudluli imitha eyodwa. Amagatsha shirokokonicheskaya aphezulu kakhulu aphihliwe phezulu. 
Izinaliti zilula, ziluhlaza okombala, futhi zihlanganisa ubisi ngezansi. Ubude bezinaliti bufinyelela kumamitha amane, ububanzi abukho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ama-cones afakwa ngokuqondile, ukuma kuyisiyingi. Umbala wama-cones unombala noma omnyama-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude buka-8 cm, ububanzi buka-3 cm. Lesi sitshalo singamelana nesithwathwa, ukubekezela emthunzini, sidinga ukukhuphuka emoyeni nasemhlabathini.
I-subalpine fir (intaba)
Intaba yezintaba ezisezintabeni eziphakeme eNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama akudluli kwamamitha angama-40, isiqu singama-60 cm ububanzi. Iziqongo zemithi zifushane, zingacabangi. I-subalpine fir inebushelelezi, ehlanganiswe nemifantu emincane i-periderm umbala ompunga. Phezu kwezinaliti kukhona umthamo utshani obuluhlaza, kanti phansi kunemivimbo emibili emhlophe. Izinaliti zifakwe emigqeni emibili. I-subalpine fir inezigaxa ezinama-cylindrical, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kunezinhlobo zezintaba ze-fir, ezifanele ukulima ukuhlobisa. 
I-Argentea - intaba ye-fir enezinaliti zesiliva. I-Glauka i-subalpine fir kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-12 aphakeme, enomqhele ophethwe ngamapiramidi nensimbi ye-oblong noma izinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ifomu ehlanganisiwe - fir encane engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1 ubude ngokuphakama ngomqhele obanzi, owenziwe kahle. Izinaliti zesiliva-umbala wasezulwini, nemivimbo ye-bluish ngezansi. Ukuma kwezinaliti kufana nesiganga, ubude obuyi-3 cm. Izinaliti ziqinile. Izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo zisakazwa kabanzi phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. 
Kubalulekile! Izithombo ezincane ze-fir ebusika kufanele zimbozwe, ngoba ziyesaba ama-frosts entwasahlobo.
IsiFirish fir
Ikhula ezintabeni eziphakathi kwamamitha ayikhulu kuya kwangu-1850 ngaphezu kolwandle lolwandle eningizimu yePeninsula yaseKorea naseJeju Island. Uthole lolu hlobo lwe-fir ngo-1907. Imbewu ayikhule ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-15. Amajaji kuqala ophuzi abese ebomvu umbala, ehlanganiswe villi mncane. Izinaliti zifushane, phezulu kunobumba obumnyama obumnyama, umbala ubumhlophe. Iqukethe amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enombala obomvu. I-fir yaseKorea ikhula kancane, ebusika-eqinile. 
Izinhlobo ze-firse zaseKorea ezifana ne-Blue Standard zikhona izihlahla ezide - ezinamaconsi ombala we-lilac omnyama; I-Brevifolia - isihlahla esinomqhele ohlosiwe, u-marsh-green phezulu nezinaliti ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ezansi, izimbongolo ezincane ezibomvu; I-Silberzverg iyinhlobo ephansi ekhulayo, ekhula kancane ye-fir enezinaliti ezinemibala esiliva, umqhele omisiwe kanye namagatsha amancane, ama-branched; I-Piccolo i-shrub cishe ngamasentimitha angu-30 ubude, ifinyelela ububanzi obungamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu nomqhele ohlakazekayo, izinaliti zombala wotshani obumnyama.
I-Fir high (ihloniphekile)
I-Fir high ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-100. Izwe lakubo le-fir ehloniphekile yingxenye entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Indawo yokukhula - izigodi zomfula kanye nemithambeka emnene eduze nolwandle. Lokhu cishe yizinhlobo eziphakeme kunazo zonke ze-fir. Unomqhele owenziwe nge-cone uma izithombo zisencane, futhi uma uneminyaka yobudala, umqhele uzoba omile. Amajaji ane-periderm eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimnyama, kanti izithombo ezindala zinombala omnyama, ezimbozwe imifucu e-oblong periderm. 
Amagatsha amancane omthunzi ohlaza omnqumo noma obomvu obomvu, ngesibhamu. Amagatsha amadala adalulwe. Izinaliti zincane, zigobile phansi. Phezu kwezinaliti kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi phansi kukhona grey. Ukuma kwama-cones ku-oblong-cylindrical, ubude obufinyelela ku-12 cm, ububanzi obungama-4 cm. Akuzona izigaxa ezivuthiwe zikamaride noma umbala obomvu obomvu, kodwa ukhula olumnyama oluthuli oluhlaza. Isikhathi sokuphila se-fir noble cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-250. I-sapling ikhula ngokushesha.
Uyazi? I-Periderm, izinaliti namafihlethi we-fir asetshenziselwa ukwenza amalungiselelo okwelapha. Iqukethe amafutha abalulekile nama-tannins.
UFir Wicha
Izwe lakubo le-fir yiJapan Central, indawo yalo izintaba. Ukuphakama cishe ngamamitha amane. Amagatsha wesitshalo awancane, acatshangelwe esiqwini, umqhele uwuhlobo lwepiramidi. I-trunk ihlanganiswe ne-periderm ebushelelezi yombala omhlophe ompunga. Ukukhula kwentsha kuhlanganiswe ne-pubescent periderm yembala emhlophe noma emerald. 
Izinaliti zilula, ziphihliwe kancane, zingaphezulu kuka-2.5 cm. Phezulu kwezinaliti ziluhlaza obumnyama, phansi kuhlotshiswe ngemivimbo yobisi. Ubude be-cones buba ngu-7 cm. Izimboni ezincane zombala obomvu-bluish-obomvu nesikhathi sithola umbala we-chestnut. Lesi sitshalo sebusika-siqinile, sikhula ngokushesha, simelana nokubhema.
Firara Fir
Indawo yokuzalwa yalezi zinhlobo ze-fir eNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha angu-25, umqhele uwubujamo obunamapiramidi noma obuhle. I-trunk encane ye-fir ihlanganiswe ne-periderm gray, futhi isiqu esidala sibomvu namagatsha we-yellow-grey. Izinaliti zifushane, ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu nangesiliva ngezansi. Ama-Cones afushane ukuhlobisa, umbala ovuthiwe obomvu obomvu. 
Lesi sitshalo sebusika-siqinile, kodwa asibekezeleli ukungcola komoya. I-Frasera fir isetshenziselwa ukupaka ama-parks, amahlathi epaki kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Kukhona i-shrub ehlelwe ngamagatsha - i-Firer's fir iyaguqa.
I-fir e-Siberia
Izwe lakwa-fir e-Siberia yiSiberia. Ezindaweni zokulima kukhona okungajwayelekile. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo akudluli amamitha amathathu. Ingenhla yekhanda incane, i-cone-shape. Amagatsha amancane, anciphisa phansi. I-periderm engaphansi kwe-trunk iyaqhekeka, phezulu ayikho embi, i-grey emnyama. Amahlumela ahlanganiswe ngqwaba elimnyama. Izinaliti zilula, zilula futhi zingenakuqedwa ekupheleni, kufika kumamitha amathathu ubude ubude.
I-Fir isetshenziselwa futhi njengendonga ekhulayo yamahhala. Ukwakhiwa kocingo oluphilayo kuhambisana kahle: i-magonia, i-larch, i-juniper, i-hawthorn, i-barberry, i-rhododendron, i-lilac, i-rosehip, i-cotoneaster, i-acacia ephuzi.
Umbala wezinaliti unobumba obumnyama obuluhlaza phezulu kanye nemigqa emibili efana nobisi ngezansi. I-fir yaseSiberia ishintsha izinaliti zayo kanye eminyakeni engu-11. Ama-cones alungile, ama-cylindrical, ekuqaleni alula okubomvu noma aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, bese ebala umbala omnyama. Lesi sitshalo sisebusika-siqinile, sibekezela emthunzini. Kukhona i-Siberian blue, white, motley. Zihlukile kuphela ezinaliti zombala.
Kubalulekile! I-Fir ayikwazi ukutshala emthunzini ophelele, ngoba umqhele wayo ugcwele ngokugcwele ukukhanya okwanele.
I-White Fir (yaseYurophu)
I-white fir isitshalo esikhula ngamamitha angama-65 nge-trunk ububanzi besimitha esisodwa nengxenye. Isihloko saleso sitshalo sinama-cone. I-Periderm iyimhlophe-imbobo enombala obomvu wombala. Ingane yombala we-European fir okhanyayo noma obala we-chestnut, futhi isikhathi sibe yi-gray-chestnut. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyi-silvery ngezansi. Izwe lakuleli le-European fir yizwe lase-Europe Ephakathi neYurophu. Umuthi ukhula kancane, awuthandi izindawo ezinomoya. 
Fir myra
Ekuqaleni evela eJapane. Ngaphandle, i-Mira fir ifana neSakhalin. Ukuphakama kuyahluka ukusuka kumamitha angu-25 kuya ku-35. Isihloko somuthi singumqondo omuhle. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-periderm isuka kusuka esibabuyeni esingenangqamuzana ibe yinkimbinkimbi ngezindandatho ezinjenge-bar. Izinaliti zincane futhi zincane, zibe nombala we-emerald. Ama-cones ahlelwe ngokuqondile ngamaqembu ombala obomvu obomvu. Indawo yokuzalwa ye-myra fir iyiningizimu-ntshonalanga yeHokkaido. I-Fir i-hardy, i-shade-tolerant, ikhulile emapaki nasezikhungweni zehlathi.
