Ummeli womndeni wekhukhamba we-pumpkin unomlando omude kakhulu. Yaqala ukukhula eminyakeni engaba ngu-6000 edlule.
Indawo yakhona yemifino, isayensi isithelo, ibhekwa njengeNdiya. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, indawo yokulima nokuxhaphazwa kwalesi mkhiqizo iningi kakhulu.
Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu base-Afrika, iGrisi, uMbuso WaseRoma bazinikela kulo mifino, ogama lakhe lavela kulesiGreki elithi "aguros", okusho ukuthi "okungavuthiwe nokuvuthiwe."
Kodwa amaGreki ayeqinisile, ngoba ukhukhamba yimihlobo kuphela yemifino abantu badla okungavuthiwe.
Namuhla, ngezandla zama-agronomist wezobuchwepheshe kanye nabalimi be-amateur, kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zekhukhamba.
Omunye wabameli abafanele kakhulu kulo masiko yizinto ezihlukahlukene "Herman", okuzoxoxwa ngakho.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Herman" yi-hybrid yokuqala ye-parthenocarpic, eveza izithelo ezinsukwini ezingu-35 kuya kwezingama-40 emva kokusuka kwezithombo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuhlanganisa ngokumangalisayo ukuvunwa okuphezulu nokuqapha, okwenza ukhukhamba oluhlukahlukene lwe-Herman luvame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamasiko ekhukhamba zahlonywa abalimi baseDutch nganoma iyiphi inhlabathi (ehlanganisiwe futhi evulekile).
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngezinhlobo zekhukhamba ze-Urals
Izihlahla kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamandla kakhulu, zinamandla, ngamaqabunga ajwayelekile kulo mkhuba. Uma i-garter ubude obude bufinyelela kumamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-5, ngenkathi kugcina isisindo sezithelo zabo! Ama-ovari ahlelwe ngamabhande, ngokucophelela ku-node ngayinye ingafakela izithelo ezi-6 kuya kwezingu-9. Amakhukhamba ngokwabo asuke ephelele, okungukuthi, eqondile, engahlanganiswa, ngokuma kwesigxili esijwayelekile, enobuningi bomhlaba.
Inyama kanye ne-rind yombala omnyama omnyama omnyama, ama-tubercles amhlophe. Ubude bezithelo kufinyelela ku-10 - 12 cm, futhi ngesisindo 70 - 90 g Ukuvuna kuyinto eliphezulu kakhulu futhi iningiCishe u-8.5 kuya ku-9 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele sombhede.
Lezi ukhukhamba zizobukeka zingcono nje kuphela epulatifini, kodwa ngeke zilahlekelwe ukubukeka kwazo okumnandi nokunambitheka lapho kungena noma ukuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka akukathinteki nge-mosaic ye-viral, i-claasosporia, i-true and downy isikhutha.
Kodwa kukhona umthetho ongabhalwanga wokuthi "yonke imigodi yobusi inomfutho wayo emafutheni." Ngeshwa, izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba "Herman" azifani.
Izithombo zalezi zihlukahlukene zibuthakathaka kakhulu., udinga izimo ezikhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeke ukuthi abantu bahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha endaweni yokushisa noma ngaphansi kwekhava lefilimu emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngakho ngaloluhlobo lwalokhu alukwazi ukwenziwa ngokuqondile ngenxa yokusinda obuthakathaka kwezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukushintsha ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa. Amaqhwa ebusuku abulala zonke izitshalo, okuholela ekuvuneni awutholi nje.
Kukhona isifo se-fungal okuthiwa i-rust. Le fungus ayithinti ukhukhamba kuphela, kodwa ngokuqondile leli siko elingabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa. Uma isimo sezulu ehlobo sibanda futhi sinamanzi, khona-ke ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka ukugwema. Futhi uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi, amahlathi akho ngeke asindise ngisho namakhemikhali anamandla kakhulu.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuthiwa abanye abalimi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azizona ezinhle kakhulu ngoba izithelo azikho ngokwanele. Kodwa lo mbono owubucayi kakhulu, ngoba, njengoba wazi, "ukunambitheka nombala ...".
Izimfihlo zezitshalo ezikhulayo
Abalimi balesi sonyaka batusa ukuhluma kwezihlahla ezihlukahlukene, ukuze izitshalo ziqinisekiswe ukuba zithole izimpande.
Ngezimbewu, indima enkulu idlala yizinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi lapho lezi zitshalo zibekwa khona. Isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuyoba umzuzu lapho inhlabathi iqhuma kuze kube ngu-20 - 22 ° ะก. Lesi sikhathi sizungeze ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ekhaya imbewu kudingeka ihlaselwe ngokuhambisa imizuzu engu-30 ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Uma uthenge imbewu, akudingeki ukuba ugijime.
Okulandelayo, amakhasethi noma amabhokisi ezitshalo kumele agcwaliswe ngenhlabathi, athuliswe futhi abekwe imbewu ngokujula kwe-1.5 - 2 cm. Uma umboza isitsha ngesigxobo seplastiki, izithombo ziyokhula ngokushesha.
Izithombo ze-Dive zidinga ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-20 kuya kwezingu-25. Uma amaqabunga eqiniso angama 3 - 4 avela emahlumela, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izithombo endaweni embozwe. Lo mzuzwana kufanele uhambisane nokuphela kukaMeyi. Uma ukhula ukhukhamba ensimini, ukufakelwa kabusha kumele kuhlehliswe ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Endaweni yeyunithi ingakwazi ukufaka izithombo ezintathu - 4. Indawo yokufika kufanele ibe mnyama kangangokuthi masinyane emva kokutshala amaqabunga emifula encane ayitholi ukushisa ilanga. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ummbila kufanele ukhule eduze nensimu yalezi ukhukhamba. Iphethini elijwayelekile lokufika lingama-30x70 cm.
Okuncane mayelana nokunakekela "isiJalimane"
Amakhukhamba wamanzi adinga amanzi afudumele ngokwesilinganiso 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-5 - 6. Imvamisa yokunisela incike ekubhalweni kwemibandela evulekile yomhlabathi.
Futhi indima ebalulekile idlalwe ukushisa. Emazingeni okushisa kakhulu, umswakama ovela emhlabathini uzothuthuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kuzodingeka kwenziwe.
Izitshalo ezincane kudingeka adle kaningikodwa kancane (ibhakede elingaphansi kwe-1 ngamakhilomitha angama-sq), izihlahla ezindala zidinga ukuphuza kancane, kepha ivolumu kufanele ibe mkhulu (ibhakede eli-1 elihlathini).
Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi amanzi athola amaqabunga noma amahlumela enelanga elikhanyayo ukuze izitshalo zingashiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukugcwalisa ukungabi nomswakama emhlabathini kungcono kusihlwa.
Ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi kufanele kulandele ngemuva kokuchelela noma imvula ukuze kungabi namafreyimu emhlabathini.
Ukufaka umquba emhlabathini kunendima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni amahlathi. Inombolo yokuphakelayo ingafinyelela kufika ku-5 kuya ku-6 kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ukungabi namaminerali emhlabathini kungabangela ukukhushulwa kwezitshalo nezifo, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesithelo.
Lezi zikhathi ezingu-5 kuya ku-6 kufanele zibandakanye ukudla hhayi kuphela izihlahla ezindala, kodwa futhi nezithombo. Lapho izithombo sezivele zikhuphuke, zidinga ukuba zifakwe umanyolo we-mineral and organic fertilizers. Lapho izitshalo zingena esigabeni esisebenzayo sokukhula, okungukuthi, ziqala ukuthela izithelo, izitshalo kumele Kudingeka ukondle umanyolo we-nitrogen ne-potash. Ukudla okunye kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile okungenani amasonto amathathu futhi njengoba kudingeka.
Naphezu kokuphikiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo "Herman" ezifweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kwezihlahla akukhipha. Isibonakaliso sokuthi izitshalo zithinteka yi-peronospora ukubonakala kwamabala aphuzi ohlangothini oluphezulu lwamacembe. Lapho isikhumba se-powdery sithinta amahlumela, kodwa amaqabunga amhlophe akhiwa emaqabunga amhlophe, okwathi ngemva kwesikhashana asakazeka kuwo wonke umhlaba weqabunga leqabunga.
Ukugqwala kungalimaza kakhulu i-ikhukhamba ezihlahleni zalolu hlobo oluthile. Isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwalesi sifo ukubonakala kwamabala e-orange phezu kwamahlumela namaqabunga esihlahla.
Kuzo zonke izifo ezikhona okwamanje zamakhukhamba, kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezidinga ukucubungula izitshalo ukuze zingalahlekelwa isitshalo. Lezi zidakamizwa, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-fungicides, zenzelwe ngqo ukulwa nezitshalo.
Kwanele ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula uma ukhula ukhukhamba ezihlukahlukene "Herman" ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu nesisimeme, ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngonyaka.
