Ungakhula kanjani swede enempilo futhi esihlwabusayo

I-Rutabaga iyisitshalo esimangazayo, esatholwa ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo kwe-kale nge-turnip ejwayelekile. Ungowemifino yomndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni. Isitshalo sezimpande sinothile ngamavithamini nangamaminerali, sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni, futhi sisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene. ISwede iyaziswa futhi iyathandwa emazweni ehlukene omhlaba: iJalimane, iFinland, iSweden, amazwe aseBaltic, eRussia.

Uhlobo luni lwemifino ye-rutabaga

Igama lemifino laqokwa igama lesazi semithi yaseSwitzerland uCaspar Baugin ngawo-20s wekhulu le-16. Ubhale ukuthi i-rutabaga itholakala eSweden. Mhlawumbe lesi kwakuyisizathu sokubheka leli lizwe njengendawo yokuzalwa amasiko.

Kodwa-ke, phakathi kososayensi kunalabo abasikisela ukuthi i-rutabaga yeza eScandinavia ivela ezifundeni zaseSiberia zaseRussia, lapho lo imifino wayethandwa khona kanye neklabishi noma ama-turnips.

Ngaphandle, imifino ifana nama-turnips noma ama-beet, kepha anosayizi abakhulu. Ukhiphe amaqabunga awugqinsi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kunephunga elimnandi. Umbala - obomvu-ubomvu, oluhlaza okotshani. Lesi sitshalo singokwaloku-biennial. Unyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwawo uhambisana nokwakhiwa kwesitshalo esiyimpande engaphansi komhlaba (esiyindilinga, ethambile noma enwebekile - kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo) kanye ne-rosette emhlabathini yamaqabunga.

I-rutabaga yangaphandle ikhumbuza ama-beet noma ama-turnips

Ngonyaka wesibili, kuphuma isiqu kusuka empandeni, iziqhakaza zezitshalo, imbewu ivela ezithelweni - pods. Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, isivuno sezimpande siyaqina. Ngaphakathi yemifino iyi-pulp emhlophe eqinile noma ephuzi. Isiko alithobeki, libekezelela isomiso, ukushisa kwehlobo nokuqala kwamaqhwa. Unika izilimo ezinkulu.

Isisindo sesitshalo esisodwa sezimpande safinyelela ngisho nama-35 kg.

Kusetshenziswa kanjani

Imifino isetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Emazweni amaningi, zombili izitshalo ezingavuthiwe nezizihloko zezitshalo ezincane zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasaladi ahlukahlukene nanjengezifiso. I-swede ebilisiwe, ekhumbuza ukunambitheka kwamazambane, isetshenziswa kuma-vinaigrette, kanye nezitsha eziseceleni zezitsha zenyama nezinhlanzi.

Izingane zithokozela isobho elimnandi eliqukethe i-rutabaga, izaqathe, ushizi wekhilimu, uphizi oluhlaza, ummbila. Ngobusi obunjiwe namantongomane, imifino izoba isobho elimnandi. IRutabaga ihamba kahle ngesitshulu semifino esenziwe emikhiqizweni ehlukene.

EFinland, etafuleni likaKhisimusi kuhlala kune-casserole ene-rutabaga. Futhi abantu baseCanada bathanda ophaya abagcwele nge-rutabaga yashizi.

Ukulungiselela amasaladi, ungasebenzisa zombili imifino eluhlaza yezimpande neziqongo zezitshalo ezincane

Thola isiko lokusebenzisa kuma-dietetics. Ikhalori ephansi, inani elikhulu lamaminerali kanye namavithamini avumela ukusetshenziswa kwalemifino ekudleni okulahlekelwe isisindo. Ifayibha efakiwe ekwakhiweni kwayo isiza ukuqeda ubuthi nobuthi emzimbeni, ithuthukisa imetabolism, ukugaya emzimbeni.

Ukusuka kwimifino ungenza imaski yokugcoba ewusizo. Isitshalo sezimpande esihlanganisiwe sihlanganiswa nekhilimu omuncu kuze kutholakale i-gruel. Bese bathela ngo-1 tsp. brine noju. Imaski isetshenziswa esikhunjeni imizuzu engu-15.

Imifino nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Ukudambisa lesi simo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa i-asthma, lapho ukukhwehlela, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-rubed swede ezihlikiwe ku-grater enhle zihlanganiswa nengxenye eyodwa yoju. Umxube obangelwayo udliwa ku-2 (3) tsp. kufinyelela izikhathi ezi-6 ngosuku. Ngosizo lwe-rutabaga, ukuqunjelwa kuyelashwa. Kulokhu, le mifino inqunywa kumapuleti, ibiliswe emanzini kuze kuthambe. Ngemuva kwalokho, uthele ku-oyela yemifino nejusi kalamula 1 tbsp. l Pheka imizuzu eyi-10. Ingxube eqediwe ifafazwa ebhodweni eligcotshisiwe, elidliwa ebusuku (100 g).

Izici eziwusizo nezilimazayo

Imifino iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. I-calcium equkethwe ku-swede ibalulekile ekuqiniseni izicubu zamathambo. Imifino isiza ngokuqunjelwa, kepha ayinakudliwa yiziguli ezihlaselwa yizifo zesisu. Isitshalo sezimpande sisiza kakhulu ebusika nalapho kufika intwasahlobo, lapho umzimba obuthakathaka ungenantula amavithamini.

I-Rutabaga ilusizo ikakhulukazi ebusika nasentwasahlobo, lapho umzimba untula amavithamini.

Ngalesi imifino, umzimba uhlinzekwa ngokuhlinzekwa okufanele kwamavithamini namaminerali, amandla ayakhuphuka, futhi nokuqina kokuqina kungqiniswa. IRutabaga inezakhiwo ezilandelayo ezizuzisa abantu:

• i-diuretic, ivumela umzimba ukuthi uzikhulule ngokwamanzi ngokweqile;
• isiza ukuvuvukala, iphatha isifo sezinso;
• ukubonakaliswa kwesimo se-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, esisiza ekwelapheni amanxeba we-purulent, ukusha;
• okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefiber esithelweni sezimpande, kuvuselela izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, ezisiza ukumelana nokukhuluphala;
• umthelela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, ukuthambekela kwegazi ngokwejwayelekile;
• ikhuthaza ukuhoxiswa kwe-cholesterol.

IRutabaga ingafakwa kwimenyu yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, ngoba ama-carbohydrate ayiqukethe ikakhulu ane-fructose. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imicu yama-coarse ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo sezimpande ingadala ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yesisu.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezidumile

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-rutabaga - ifishi nethebula. Ukusatshalaliswa emithini yabantu, ukupheka, izimonyo kutholwe itafulaga yetafula. Izilimo ezilandelayo zivame ukutshala.

Ithebula: Izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile ze-rutabaga

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifakiwe kwiRejista Yezwe yokufezekiswa kokukhethwa futhi zingatshalwa kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-swede

Ezinhlotsheni zakwamanye amazwe ziyamelana nezifo, zinikeze isivuno esihle, ube nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu:

• URuby
• UMarian
• ULizi
• Kaya.

Imifino ethosiwe yi-hybrid etholakala ngokuwela uhlobo lwetafula iklabishi le-iklabishi lefishi. Lolu hlobo aludingi kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo futhi likhiqiza kakhudlwana. Isikhathi eside sigcina inani lokudla okunempilo. Kutholwe ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezibandayo zokondla imfuyo ebusika. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-rutabaga zokukhula:

• Hoffmann's
• I-Krasnoselskaya
• I-Vyshegorodskaya
• I-Bangkok

Fodder rutabaga etholakala ngokuwela kwetafula rutabaga neklabishi lokudla

Ukubuyekezwa

Ngithenge imbewu ye-rutabaga ku- "Ribbon", ibiza kakhulu - eshibhile - cishe ama-ruble amathathu esikhwameni ngasinye. Imbewu "INdlu Yembewu": "IKhrasnukelskaya dining rutabaga". Kuze kube yilowo mzuzu, ngangingakaze ngitshale i-rutabaga, futhi ngangingazi nakancane ukuthi iyini. Imininingwane yokutshala nokunakekela ichazwa kabanzi esikhwameni sembewu. Ukufakwa emhlabathini kwenziwa ngqo emhlabathini. Elula kakhulu - asikho isidingo sokuhluma, shona ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Watshala konke. Imbewu incane, njengoba ukuhluma kudinga ukuncipha okucashile. Futhi ngakho-ke, ngokomqondo, ukunakekelwa kulula: ukunisela, ukukhulula, ukugqoka okuphezulu (angizange ngigqoke okuphezulu). Ngatshala imigqa emibili. Futhi yize yayisincipha, izihlahla ezinhle zazikhulana ngokufanayo. Amacembe afana kude neklabishi. IRutabaga ngekota, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isithathu, inuka iphume emhlabathini, lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile. Eduze nekwindla kuvunwa. Amanye amathilethi mancane, amanye makhulu. Sika amahlamvu. Igcinwe emiphongolweni. Futhi yize kuthenjiswa ukuthi igcinwe kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo, i-rutabaga yami ayizange ihlale kuze kube sentwasahlobo, yaba ithambile. Angazi ukuthi kungani, mhlawumbe izimo (umswakama) esisele zazingamfaneli. Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ngilahle ingxenye yesilimo. Hhawu, babenaso isikhathi sokudla. IRutabaga yinto efana ne-turnip (ukuyenza icace). Ukusuka kulo ungenza amasaladi amasha, kanye nokufaka ezitsheni ezishisayo, izitshulu. Ngokunambitheka kwami, wayefana neklabishi elimhlophe. IRutabaga isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu.

vergo

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Umndeni wethu uthanda i-rutabaga, ngonyaka owedlule uWilma wayikhulisa, inomnandi, imnandi, kepha izibungu ziyithanda kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, uyikhiphe - ungayidli ngokweqile, uma kungenjalo izoba lukhuni. Wonke umuntu uhambe crunching, futhi wonke umuntu wabuza ukuthi kungani thina crunch kangaka ihlombe. Futhi i-Novgorodskaya igcinwe kahle, ingangezwa emafutheni nesobho.

UKim

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Ngincoma uKuuzik. Iminyaka eminingi manje bengilima izitshalo zemifino nezihlobiso. Futhi kuyamangalisa impela uma lokhu kulangazelela kuvela ukuthi kuwusizo, kahle nje, lokho obukushoda ngalesi sikhathi sonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwabaningi, uKuusiku uzoba isiko elinjalo - i-interspecific hybrid ekhiqizwayo kakhulu ye-rutabaga neklabishi lokudla. Izitshalo ezimpande zikaKukuku zivame ukukhula ngosayizi omuhle, isisindo esijwayelekile sisukela ku-4 siye ku-5 kg. Kuhlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle ze-rutabaga neklabishi, lokhu kuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe kwakha isiqu esinamandla ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba, okusakazwa ngamahlamvu amakhulu anamanzi, asetshenziselwa futhi nokudla kwemfuyo. Enye imfanelo enhle yeKuusik ukuthi kulula ukuyikhulisa. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi sitshalo busondele kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bezolimo beklabishi. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, eRussia maphakathi, imbewu itshalwa ezitshalweni - ungabamba endaweni ebamba ukushisa, okuluhlaza okotshani, ungavele nje embhedeni ngaphansi kwefilimu. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-3-4, atshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo ngokusho kwephethini le-35x40 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngesikhathi sokumba, kungakuhle ukwethula umanyolo we-potash enhlabathini (umlotha wokhuni ungasetshenziswa, uqukethe izinto eziningi ezidingekayo zokulandelela - izingilazi ezi-1-2 nge-1 sq. M). Kepha nge-nitrogen, udinga ukuqaphela kakhudlwana - ngokuchichima kwayo emhlabathini, izitshalo ezimpande zeKuziku zivame ukukhula zibe zimbi, zikhulu, kepha zingabi nalutho ngaphakathi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwazo ngesikhathi zigcinwa. Umquba omusha ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini kungcono ukuthi ungakwenzi. Ungabeka i-humus ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye (ibhakede lezitshalo eziyi-10). Umanyolo oqukethe iNitrogen kufanele ukondliwe kuphela ngokukhula okunganele, ihlane lesitshalo elijwayelekile. Kepha, njengomthetho, i-Kuuzik ayinciphisi emhlabathini futhi isebenza kahle kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zayo. Ukuvunwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesimo sezulu esomile ngesikhathi sokuvela kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ezilwanyini zezimpande, izimpande ezinde ziyasikwa, zisusa umhlaba, ziqhekeze amaqabunga, zinqume engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu (zishiya ama-20-30 cm). Gcina uKuusiku emakamelweni apholile, awomile. Imbewu ingatshalwa kalula ngokwayo, ngoba lena yi-interspecific hybrid, hhayi i-F1. Umuntu kufanele atshale izithelo ezigciniwe engadini ekugcineni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokuwa, uzothola inani elikhulu lembewu.

Timofeeva

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Sakha izimo ezinhle zemifino ukuze ikhule

Njengoba imifino ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esibandayo, ingatshalwa ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Izitshalo ekukhuleni zibekezelela amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--6 ° C, izitshalo ezisezincane zezimpande - hhayi eziphansi kuka-4 ° C. Ukukhula kwembewu kuqala emazingeni okushisa ayi-2 ° C. Ukushisa okuphezulu okuhambisana nokukhula nokukhula kwemifino kuhla kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-20 ° C.

Izithelo eziphakeme zidinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Isiko lithanda inhlabathi enomswakama. Kungcono ukukhulisa i-rutabaga emhlabathini ovundile, okhanyayo, ongathathi hlangothi onomswakama ophakeme kanye nomoya ovunyelwe, oqukethe ikakhulu ubumba nesihlabathi (i-loamy). Ama-peatlands ahlanganisiwe nawo afanelekile. Amaxhaphozi, ama-clayey noma anendawo enamatye, awalungele izitshalo zokuzalela.

Kungcono ukukhulisa i-rutabaga emhlabathini ovundile, okhanyayo, ongathathi hlangothi onomswakama ophakeme kanye nokuthola umoya.

Izindlela zokukhulisa rutabaga

IsiSwede sikhule ngezindlela ezimbili:

• izithombo;
• imbewu.

Izithombo

Ukutshala i-rutabaga emhlabathini ovulekile ezitshalweni kunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa semifino. Lokhu kubalulekile ezifundeni ezibandayo. Baqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli.

Inqubo

1. Okokuqala, imbewu yokuthola isifo igciwane ibekwa ihora eli-1 kusisombululo segalikhi. Ukulungiselela kwayo, kuthathwa ogalikhi (25 g) bese kuthathwa amanzi ayi-100 ml. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu iyasuswa kwikhambi, igezwe, yomiswe, ibekwe ngendwangu yekotini emanzi ukuze ihlume.
2. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, imbewu itshalwa, ikhule ngo-1-1,5 cm enhlabathini, esebhokisini elikhethekile lezithombo.
3. Isitsha esinamapulangwe sivaliwe ngaphezulu nge-cellophane noma ingilazi.
4. Izinga lokushisa kuleyo greenhouse kufanele ligcinwe kungakapheli u-17-18 ° C kuze kube yilapho kwakheka izithombo zokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhishwa kususwa, ibhokisi lifakwa endaweni ebandayo enezinga lokushisa elingu-6-8 ° C.
5. Ngemuva kwesonto, izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-12-15 ° C.
6. Ukunakekela izithombo, ngenkathi kusekholeni, kuqukethe ukunisela, ukukhulula, ukuncipha, okushiya amahlumela aqine.
   

   Ukutshala izithombo ze-rutabaga kunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezilimo zezimpande

Izithombo ze-Turnip zitshalwa endaweni evulekile ngosuku lwama-40. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe namaqabunga ama-4 okungenani. Ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni yasemgwaqweni izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwema-2, izithombo ziyaqedwa, okubekwa kuzo umoya omusha, kusukela ngehora elilodwa, kancane kancane zikhulisa isikhathi.

Imigwaqo ilungiselelwe ukutshala emhlabathini ngokumba yona ngokuhlukaniswa okungama-20 cm. Imigodi iyaniselwa, futhi izimpande zezithombo zikanyiswa ngodaka wobumba, okuyingxube enekhilimu yobumba, amanzi ne-mullein. Lapho utshala izitshalo enhlabathini, kudingeka uqinisekise ukuthi intamo yezimpande ihlala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, qinisa amahlumela bese uyawanisela.

Lapho utshala izitshalo enhlabathini, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi intamo yezimpande ihlala ngaphezu komhlaba

Ezizalweni

Ukulungiselela umsebenzi wokutshala kuqala ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Indawo iyakhishwa esivunweni esedlule, ukhula nokunye okulimile, bese kutshalwa umquba oluhlaza (i-clover, fatselia, lupine) - umanyolo oluhlaza olwa nokhula futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
2. Lapho umanyolo oluhlaza ukhula, agawulwa ngomsiki wendiza futhi agxobhoze umhlaba kanye nawo, awashiye onqenqemeni.
3. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lihlibilika, ama-siderat amaningi ashibhile adonsa isikebhe esingu-30-50 mm ekujuleni kwenhlabathi.
4. Lapho inhlabathi ifudumala futhi inganamatheli kuthuluzi, ukhula luzoqala ukuvela, ziphinde zidluliswe embhedeni ngumsiki wendiza. Ukhula luyasuswa, futhi inhlabathi iyachithwa ngeBaikal EM-1.

Ngemuva kwesonto, imbewu ye-rutabaga ingahlwanyelwa endaweni enjalo. Isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa sinqunywa yizimo zezulu. Naka ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi wefishi ebethelwayo, ekwazi ukulimaza izithombo. Ngakho-ke, i-rutabaga ihlwanyelwa lapho ipholile, ekushiseni komoya okungekho ngaphansi kuka-15-18 ° C. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ezifundeni ezibandayo - ekupheleni kukaJuni.

Imbewu yeRutabaga ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungokulandelayo:

1. Imbewu isilungiselelwe ukutshala. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungenzeka, afakwa emanzini (izinga lokushisa elingama-50 ° C) isigamu sehora. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu iyasuswa futhi yomiswe ngendwangu eyomile.
2. Imbewu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi somfula esomile (sibaliwe).
3. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imifino engaba ngu-2 cm ukujula kwe-0,5 m ukusuka komunye kuyafakwa emhlabathini.
4. Babeka imbewu ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingama-20 kumitha eyodwa yomugqa, khona-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ihlulwe.
5. Ukusuka phezulu zimbozwe ngomhlaba futhi ziniselwa zisebenzisa amanzi afudumele.
6. Ngaphezulu komhlaba, izilimo zingafakwa ngo-Peat. Izogcina umswakama.
7. Esigabeni sokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili, izitshalo ziyatshalwa (uma kunesidingo) ukuze ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela lisuke ku-20 liye ku-25 cm. Isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwa kanye nesigaxa somhlaba lapho impande itholakala khona.

Ukutshala kungenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili.Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isivuno siyovuthwa ehlobo, kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokushesha. Ukuhlwanyela okujwayelekile ehlobo kuzoletha izilimo ekwindla. Ilungele ukugcinwa.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-swede

Ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo sizodinga ukunakekelwa okuthile.

Ukunisela

Inhlabathi eyomile ibangela ukuba izilimo zezimpande zibe nomunyu futhi zingasebenzi. Umswakama omningi ubenza banganambitheki futhi bamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, imifino iniselwa cishe izikhathi ezi-5 ngesizini. Lapho unisela, isilinganiso sokuhamba kwamanzi esidingekayo ngu-10 l / 1 m². Lapho izimpande zesitshalo zivezwa ngesikhathi sokunisela, zidinga ukufafazwa nomhlaba. Izinsuku eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokunisela, umhlaba uyathukululwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, futhi udinga ukukhipha i-rutudga, mulch ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini.

Ngemuva kokunisela, i-swede is spud

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili ukusuka esikhathini sokutshala lesi sitshalo emhlabathini, sinikezwa ngomquba owuketshezi. Lapho kwenziwa isivuno sezimpande, kumanyolo kumaminerali (30 g / 1 m²⁾. Ithinta kahle ukuthuthukiswa komanyolo wokufaka umanyolo wokuqukethwe nokuqukethwe kwe:

• phosphorus;
• calcium
• manganese;
• ithusi;
• boron.

Inani elinganele le-boron lenza imifino ibe mnyama, ilahlekelwe ukunambitheka, igcinwe kancane. Ngenxa ye-phosphorus rutabaga iba mnandi.

Kuyo yonke inkathi yezimila, ku-2-3 ukufaka umanyolo ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali nezinto eziphilayo kwenziwa. Lapho izinyanga ezimbili kamuva amaqabunga esitshalo efa evela ngezansi, lokhu kuyinto evamile. Ukuphela kwento edingekayo ukubasusa emifino kanye nemibhede, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kwabo emhlabathini kuzoheha izinambuzane: iklabishi fly, aphid, slugs, ezinye izinambuzane futhi kubangele izifo zezitshalo.

Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene

Ezweni lethu, i-rutabaga ekuqaleni yayikhulelwe ukuthola uwoyela ezinhlanyelweni zesitshalo, kamuva ikhule njengemifino. Njengesitshalo sokudla nokondla, kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni zaseTransbaikalia, eSakhalin, e-Urals, eNyakatho naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeRussia, engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe aseduzane nakwamanye amazwe akude. Bavuna izilimo ezinhle, zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Njengoba i-rutabaga imelana nokubanda, ithande umswakama futhi ivuthwe masisha, itshalwa kuzo zonke izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi ekhethiwe. Akufanele nje kube lula futhi kube nokudla okunempilo, kodwa futhi kube nokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi (pH kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-7).

Lapho umhlaba osendaweni unzima, uqukethe ubumba, udinga ukwengeza isihlabathi, i-humus, Peat kuwo. I-acidity yenhlabathi iyancishiswa nge-lime.

Isiko alitshalwe emigqonyeni, lapho imifino ehlobene khona yakhula ngaphambi kwalokho: iklabishi, itheniphu, isithombo, i-horseradish, i-daikon. Kukholakala ukuthi ababanduleli abahamba phambili ngamazambane, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ithanga kanye nemidumba.

IRutabaga inikeza isivuno esihle ezindaweni ezifudumele

Izifo nezinambuzane: ukuvikela kanye nokuvimbela

Njengezinye izitshalo, i-swede ingaba ngaphansi kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze ulwe nazo ngempumelelo, kufanele wazi ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zesifo.

Bacteriosis

Lesi sifo sidalwa ukushisa okuphansi, umswakama ophezulu, isithwathwa, okuqukethwe i-nitrogen ephezulu. Kulesi sifo, isisekelo sezinhla zesitshalo kuqala sihlupheka, khona-ke isivuno sezimpande. Ukhula luphenduka lube ophuzi, lufe, lube yisithambeka, iphunga lokuola livela kulo.

Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula:

• ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux;
• ukubulala amagciwane amagadi okugcina izithombo enhlabathini kanye nenhlabathi kusiza ukuvimbela i-bacteriosis;
• imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ifakwa kwisisombululo segalikhi noma samanzi ashisayo;
• izitshalo ezinesifo ziyachithwa;
• ukuchelela nge-potanganum permanganate ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo nokuzithela ngomlotha nakho kusebenza njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela.

Wonke

URutabaga naye unalesi sifo, isimilo seklabishi. Ukuvuvukala nokukhula kuvela kwisitshalo sezimpande. Ukubonakala kwe-keel kungabangelwa umswakama ngokweqile, ukhula. Ungasivimba lesi sifo ngokuthela umhlabathi phansi. Ilungiselelwe ngokuxuba 2 tbsp. lime kanye namalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Okungenani ilitha elilodwa lesisombululo lithululelwa ngaphansi kwempande ngayinye. Ukuchelela kuyaphindwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva ngokufakwa okubandakanya ama-400 g amaqabunga ama-horseradish (izimpande), okugcwaliswe ngo-10 l wamanzi. Ingxube enjalo ifakwa amahora amane.

Umlenze omnyama

Lesi sifo sisakazeka emazingeni aphansi okushisa asezingeni eliphakeme, izimvula eziba khona njalo nomswakama ophezulu. Lesi sifo siqhamuka engxenyeni engezansi yezithombo (intamo yezimpande) futhi sikhonjiswa ngophuzi, ukugoqeka kwamaqabunga, kube mnyama kwesisekelo sesiqu sesitshalo. Ukugwema lezi zinkinga, udinga ukunisela isitshalo kuphela. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nokubulala amagciwane imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyaza futhi nangesikhathi esithile ukubulala magciwane kwenhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokubeka imifino yokuyigcina, kudingeka yomiswe kahle.

Lapho kuvela izitshalo ezinesifo, ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe. Ukuze wehlise izinga lalesi sifo, umhlaba ugoqwa ngumlotha (1 tbsp.) Engxenyeni ene-sulfate yethusi (1 tsp). Ukwelashwa komhlaba neziqongo, usengalungiselela isixazululo se-1 tbsp. l i-sulfate yethusi (i-oxychloride yethusi), 1 tbsp. l Insipho yokuhlanza namalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Fomoz

I-Phomosis inqunywa amabala aphuzi akhiwe emaqabunga, anamachashazi amnyama maphakathi nendawo. Lesi sifo sisakazekela ngaphakathi kwesitshalo sezimpande futhi sibangele ukubola. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kwenziwa ngama-80% (75%) we-polycarbocin ngesilinganiso se-0.5 g somuthi nge-100 g yembewu.

Njengoba inhlabathi engenayo i-boron ingaphansi kwe-fomose, ukufaka umanyolo nalesi sakhi: I-1 g ye-borax iyadingeka nge-1 m2.

Izinambuzane

Isiko livame ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Phakathi kwezinambuzane eziphambili zingabonakala:

• iklabishi ukundiza;
• ama-slgs;
• ama-aphid;
• isibhamu;
• intambo ebethelwayo.

Ungavikela izilimo zezimpande ngokufafaza i-spacings emgqeni nge-pepper ebomvu, lwesinaphi, umlotha wezinkuni, nothuli lukabhema. Kuma-insecticides asetshenzisile i-Fitoverm, i-Lepidocide.

I-Photogallery: izifo nezinambuzane ze-rutabaga

Ukuvuna nokugcina

URutabaga uvuthwa ngoSepthemba. Isithwathwa se-Autumn asisibi esitshalweni, singaba semhlabathini ngamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku -88 C. Kepha bazama ukuvuna ekwindla ngaphambi kokuqala kokubanda. Bamba imifino, usike eziqongweni. Izilimo eziyizimpande zifakwa ekomiseni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bakhululwa emhlabeni, bahlelwa, bakhetha imifino emihle, engonakalisiwe.

Uma kunezinqubo ezilandelwayo ezitshalweni zezimpande, inyama yayo ngeke ibe nokunambitheka futhi ibe lukhuni.

Ngemuva kokumiswa, imifino ibekwa endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa ayi-4-5 ° C: isela elingaphansi komhlaba noma isela. Kufanele kube owomile, ngaphandle kwalokho imifino izoba isimanzi bese ibola. Uma izithelo zibekwe emigqeni emabhokisini anesihlabathi somfula, khona-ke zingakwazi ukulala isikhathi eside.

Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinobusika obuthambile, izitshalo ezimpande ziyembiwa emhlabathini njengoba kudingeka, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuqanda.

Ividiyo: Isivuno se-rutabaga

Kufanele unake i-rutabaga - imifino ewusizo, esanda kuqala ukukhohlwa. Kepha izakhiwo ezibalulekile zesiko zenza ukuthi zikwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngezinjongo zokwelapha nezokugcoba, ekudleni nasekuphekeni. Lokhu kugqugquzela abantu ukuthi baphinde bathande isitshalo futhi baqale ukusilima ezingadini zabo zensimu. Ukunakekela i-rutabaga akusebenzi ezinqubweni ezisebenzayo futhi kungabiza bonke abatshali bemifino.