Ama Raspberries izinhlobo Kirzhach sekuyisikhathi eside ekhulile on the dacha iziqephu abantu abaningi. Ahluke kwezinye izici zikaNkulunkulu, kodwa ngokuvunwa kwayo okujwayelekile, ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nakho akudingeki. Ngakho-ke, lezi ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo zingenye yezithandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu. Kulesi sihloko sizotshela indlela yokutshala nokukhula shrub nge raspberries okumnandi.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile
Ngokusho incazelo ye-botanical, i-Raspberry Kirzhach ingokomndeni wakwaRoss womndeni wakwaRubus, kanti umbelethi waseRashiya u-V. Kitchin wathola lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-shrub, wakwazi ukuthola izibuyekezo ezinhle. KuRejista Yombuso YaseRussian Federation, lesi sitshalo sabhaliswa ngokomthetho ngo-1994.
I-shrub ayifani nakakhulu ikakhulukazi izithelo ezinkulu. Eminyakeni engu-20 eyedlule, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusajingijolo ezakhiwe, ezinezithelo zamasayizi amakhulu kakhulu. Kodwa iKirzhach sekuyisikhathi eside isungulwe ezimakethe zethu futhi isaziwa ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo ezimweni zesimo sezulu nokudla.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala i-Kirzhach okusajingijolo kwezilimo zemifino, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngekhambi le-copper sulfate. I-antiseptic enhle kakhulu, ukuze ijamu lakho lokusajingijolo lingathinteki ezincane ezincane.Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberries zitholakale ezifundeni zaseVolga-Vyatka, eNyakatho-Western naseCentral yaseRussia. Izakhi zofuzo zakwaKirzhach zinezici ezilungele ukukhula nokuhluma kulezi zindawo zaseRussia. Noma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokukhula kwawo okuhle ensimini yase-Ukraine, eBelarus naseCaucasus.
Ukubekezelelana okuncane emagqabeni amakhulu ibeka ukuvinjelwa ekutshalweni kwezinhlobonhlobo esifundeni saseSiberia saseRussia. Ngenxa yenjongo yalo yonke indawo, i-Kirzhach iyaziswa kakhulu ensimini yase-amateur, kodwa izitshalo ezinkulu, ama-raspberries aziqedi ukusetshenziswa.
Kirzhach iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokusajingijolo ukuvuthwa medium. Amajikijolo akhula emahlumela omnyaka odlule. Ukuqoqa i-Berry kwenzeka ngoJulayi (ngezinye izikhathi kamuva, kuye ngokuthi isifunda sokulima). Kukhona isivuno esihle kakhulu esinezinga elijwayelekile lamajikijolo - 70-100 c / ha.
Isihlahla se-raspberry sinamandla kakhulu, phakathi nobubanzi nenani elincane lamameva aphuzi alula. Ihlumela minyaka yonke iqondile, eluhlaza nge-waxy coating. Amahlumela eminyaka emibili abe yi-lignified, kodwa ungayeki ukuthela izithelo.
Izithelo zinesimo se-cone esicacile, sihlanganiswe kancane kancane, umbala u-pink ogqamile, futhi uma ukhula ngokugcwele unomsindo ocebile. Ikhomishini yokuhlwaya ezingeni eliyisihlanu elilinganiselwe i-Kirzhach ngamaphuzu angu-4.3. Izithelo zinayo ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi ngokumunyu omncane. Ubukhulu bephunga buphakathi, iphunga lifana ne-raspberry ehlathini elimnandi futhi elimnandi.
Le jamu yokusajingijolo inokuthutha okuhle, ukumelana kwasebusika kufana nokulinganisela. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ne-anthracnose kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu. Unomthelela obuthakathaka kwigciwane lesigqila, izifo zezimpande zezimpande kanye nomonakalo we-beetle okusajingijolo.
Zijwayele ukulima ezinye izinhlobo zokusajingijolo: "Polka", "Cumberland", "Caramel", "Yellow Giant", "Heracles", "Atlant", "Gusar" noTarusa umsilajibisi.
Ukusajibulisa ukutshala ubuchwepheshe
Ukutshala ama-raspberries ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-shrub enhle kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Ngakho-ke, manje sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izinkinga zokufika eKirzhach.
Indawo yokukhula
Kudingeka utshale izihlahla ezindaweni ezicaciswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukusajingijolo kuyakuthanda ilanga eliningi futhi isivuno sixhomeke kuso. Uma utshala isitshalo emthunzini owodwa noma ezindaweni ezifakiwe, izitshalo zalo zizoqala ukwelula ngokuqinile, zivimbele ukufinyelela kwelanga ezitshalweni. Futhi lokhu kuzosithinta kakhulu ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Isihlahla sama-raspberry kufanele sivikelwe kahle emimoyeni oqinile kanye nemidwebo. Uma sicabanga ukuthi iKirzhach ifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-2-2.5 m, akukhuthazwa ukuyihlwanyela eduze nemibhede, njengoba izokwenza isithunzi. Ukufika eduze namachibi noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphumelelanga. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ama-raspberries azovame ukulimazwa yizifo.
Uyazi? I-Russia ungumholi wezwe ekukhuleni nasekudayiseni ama-raspberries.Ngokwehlobo lokusajingijolo kwenhlabathi ikakhulukazi olungenakuzithoba, luzokhula kahle emhlabathini owuthile kanye nomhlabathi omnyama. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi, kufanele lihluke ngaphakathi kuka 5.7-6.5 pH. Kuyoba kuhle uma endaweni ozoyihlwanyela ngayo ama-raspberries, okusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu kwakusakhulile.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Imigomo yokutshala izihlahla ze-crimson, okokuqala, kuxhomeke endaweni yezulu ozoyihlwanyela kuyo. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhlala umhlaba sizoba ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukutshala kwe-autumn kuvumela isitshalo ukuba sithole impande emhlabathini kuze kube seqhwa lokuqala, futhi kusukela entwasahlobo ukuqala ukukhula.
Eningizimu, intwasahlobo iyashisa futhi ayinamanzi, ngakho ama-raspberry amahlathi angase aqale ngesikhathi sokukhula ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpande zabo zihlume emhlabathini, futhi lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe lethu kungcono ukutshala ama-raspberries entwasahlobo. Isishiyagalolwazi lapha sibhalwe umswakama omuhle nesikhathi eside, okuyinto ethinta kahle ukujwayela kwesitshalo. Kodwa ekuwa kwezindawo ezisenyakatho zokufika kungcono hhayi. Lapha amaqhwa avame ukufika isikhathi esithile, ngisho noma iqhwa liwela ngesikhathi esingalungile, ngokuqinisekile i-shrub ayiyizimpande.
Njengoba isipiliyoni sikhombisa, endaweni yangaphakathi yezwe lethu iKirzhach isetshenziswe kangcono ekwindla, okungukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuhlala phansi, kanti entwasahlobo ngokuvamile kuvame ukufika ngesikhathi sokukhula.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Ama-Raspberries atshalwe kahle. I-fossa kufanele ibe nokujula okunjalo ukuthi izinso ze-rhizome zijule okungenani ama-3 cm. Kubalulekile ukufafaza izimpande zokhuni ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande ze-shrub zidinga ukuphathwa ngezinkuni, izinyathelo ezinjalo zizovikela izitshalo ekulimazeni ohlelweni lwempande ngama-baconia microorganisms.
Ngokuvamile iKirzhach ithinta umdlavuza wezimpande, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala amahlathi ngokusemandleni komunye nomunye. Ukuhamba okuhle phakathi kwamahlathi okusajingijolo kuzoba yi-25-35 cm ngokulandelana, no-45-55 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Uma unayo i-dacha enkulu, khona-ke yilowo nalowo amabanga angakhuliswa ngo-10-15 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuhlwanyelwa kakhulu izihlahla, lapho kuvunwa kuyoba nzima ukusondela kubo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala inhlabathi kuyathandeka kumathamini. Uhlobo, i-humus noma i-sawdust ifaneleka njenge-mulch.
Muva nje, izinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberries ezihamba phambili seziye zanda kakhulu.
Yiziphi ezihlukahlukene ezithandayo: izici zokunakekelwa
Lolu hlobo lwe-raspberry aluyona into ethakazelisayo ikakhulukazi ekutheni ukuphuza njalo, ukuphuza, ukudla, njll. Nokho, ngokunye ubuchwepheshe bokunakekela, isivuno saseKirzhach singakhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela ama-raspberries kuyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lwempande luvame ukukhula emhlabathini. Uhlelo lwempande lusebenza kakhulu ekukhuleni emkhatsini weminyaka eyishumi edlule kaMeyi kanye neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni.
Uma i-shrub ishiywe ngaphandle kokuchelela okufanelekile, iqala ukukhipha amahlumela amaningi kanye namaqabunga engeziwe, okuyinto ephazamisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesitshalo. Amaqabunga amaqabunga namahlumela avumela ukuba izihlahla zithinte umswakama abazidingayo emoyeni. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki ngesikhathi esizibonise ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuphuza izihlahla zokusajingijolo ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Uma utshela ukuthi udinga ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi umhlaba kufanele ugcwale amanzi 30-35 cm ejulile. Bala inani lamanzi lokunisela kanje: Amabhakethi amachibi ayishumi amanzi kufanele athululelwe emitha elilodwa eline raspberries.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokunisela, qiniseka ukuthi ukhulula inhlabathi, kungenjalo i-crust crense izokwakha.Uma ihlobo lishisa futhi lime, ke phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zasehlobo ama-raspberries kufanele athele izikhathi ezingu-6-8. Isikhathi sokuqala sokunisela kufanele senziwe phakathi no-May, kanti okugcina - ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Izikhathi eziphakathi kokunisela kufanele zibe okufanayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma lesi sitshalo sondliwa ngendlela efanele ngamanyolo e-organic and amaminerali, ingaveza isitshalo esicebile nesiphezulu. Idlala indima ebalulekile ukulungisa okunye ukugqoka. Lapho entwasahlobo uzokhipha inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla, udinga ukwenza i-mullein ngokubala kwe-8 kg ngomitha ngamunye wendawo.
Njalo entwasahlobo (ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo yokuqala yokusajingijolo), i-urea kufanele ifakwe ngezinga lama-20 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l. Ivuselela ukukhula kwama-raspberries futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi wayo wokuzivikela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula izihlahla zaseKirzhach ngenkathi ziqhakaza. Ngalokhu, i-boric acid isetshenzisiwe, echitheka ngamanzi ngesilinganiso sama-20 g we-asidi kuya kwamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Ngenkathi izithelo ziqala ukwakha, izihlahla zingelashwa nge-nitrophoska. Ibuye ihlanjululwe emanzini futhi iphuziswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi, engeza 20-30 g we-nitrophoska. Lapho ulungiselela ama-raspberry amahlathi ebusika, ngokuvamile inhlabathi ivumbwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-superphosphate (25g / 10l yamanzi) kanye ne-potassium chloride (10-15g / 10l yamanzi) kumele isetshenziswe enhlabathini.
Ukudubula
Ukusika ama-raspberries kungcono entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kweqhwa eliqhakazile. Udinga ukususa konke amahlumela aphethwe yi-HIV, aphukile, abuthakathaka futhi ancipha kakhulu. I-raspberries yokucubungula yenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi indlela yokusajingijolo itshalwe kanjani (isihlahla noma esivamile).
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kokusajingijolo kubuyela emuva ekhulwini lesi-3 BC. Futhi i-Roman Cato uMdala wayekushilo emibhalweni yakhe.Wonke amahlumela asomile namadala adingeka ukuba anqunywe emhlabathini. Ungashiyi izitshalo, kungenjalo zingase zibe negciwane noma amabciwane anobungozi angakhonsa kamuva amahlumela aphilile. Amagatsha ashintshwe yisifo kumele asuswe ngaphambi kokuqala amahlumela enempilo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngezitshalo ezinzima kakhulu, kubalulekile ukunciphisa nokuphila amahlumela, ngaphandle kwalokho amajikijolo angase abe amancane.
Uma okusajingijolo kuhlwanyelwe indlela yamahlathi, zama ukushiya okungaphezu kwama-10 amahlumela ehlathini. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo singathinteka yizifo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-Raspberries, ekhula ngezindlela ezivamile, kufanele ahlulwe ukuze ibanga phakathi kwehlathi liba ngu-10 cm. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqhutshwe izihlahla ezinama-garter.
Ukuhlanganisa
Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ama-raspberries kudingekile kuphela ukuze kungabi sikhumulo. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. UGarter Kirzhach unikeza imiphumela emihle. Isibonelo, uma izihlahla zokusajingijolo ziboshelwe kahle, ingozi yezifo ze-bacterial iyancishiswa ngokushesha.
Ngomoya onamandla, isichotho noma imvula enkulu, ama-raspberry amahlumela ayophuka kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukukhetha izithelo ezivela ku-okusajingijolo okuboshwe kahle.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba kuhlwanyela kakhulu ukusabalala okusajingijolo, ingozi yomdlavuza wezimpande kubhekene nesimiso sezimpande.Ukuze uthole i-garter yemifino, kubalulekile ukufaka izinsika ngamamitha amabili phezulu phezulu komugqa. Ungafaka izinsika nangaphezulu, ngoba i-Kirzhach ehlukahlukene ifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-2.5 m. Lezi zinsika kumele zifakwe ebangeni lika-3-4 m.
Okulandelayo okuthunyelwe okudingayo ukwelula ucingo (ububanzi buka 3-4 mm). I-wire ingenziwa ifakwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa indlela enhle kunazo zonke yilokhu: silula ucingo olulodwa ekuphakameni kuka-60-70 cm emhlabathini, elinye - 1.3-1.4 m kusuka emhlabathini. Uma i-garter iyadingeka ukuhlela amahlumela ukuze amahlumela angu-70 afane amahlumela angu-7.
Indlela yokulungisa isitshalo ebusika
Ngasekupheleni kwebusika, ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa, inhlabathi ezungeze i-raspberries idinga ukuphathwa nge-mulch. I-straw, sawdust, peat noma humus ingasetshenziswa njenge-mulch. Umbhede we-mulch kufanele ube ngu-10-15 cm ubukhulu. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe lakithi, lapho okusajingijolo kweKirzhach kudinga khona ukuvikeleka okukhethekile kusuka efrijini, isendlalelo se-mulch kufanele libe yi-15-25 cm.
Ngaphandle kwama-raspberries abomvu, abalimi nabo bavame ukukhula ama-raspberries amnyama newaphuzi ezindaweni zokulima.
Enye i-nuance ebalulekile yokulungiselela ama-raspberries ebusika yiyo ukuguqa phansi. Amahlumela kufanele ahlanganiswe ngendophi futhi ahlanganiswe nocingo oluphansi lendlela yokuhlanganisa. Ngemuva kokuguqa phansi, ama-raspberries akumele akhuphuke phezulu kunama-40-50 cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amahlumela esitshalo angafaki. Ngemuva kokubopha, bazomboza ubunqamu obuqhwayo beqhwa, okuyisivikelo se-frost yemvelo.
Uma ubusika beqhwa behluleka esifundeni sakho, khona-ke izihlahla kufanele zivikelwe ngendlela yokufakelwa. Ngalokhu ungayisebenzisa impahla engavunyelweukubopha kumklamo we-garter. Abanye balimi basebenzisa ama-plywood angenawo amanzi njengendawo yokuhlala.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Okuyinhloko Izici ezinhle zikaKirzhach:
- Izithelo zekhwalithi eziphezulu. Ihlukana nezici ezinhle zokunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobuningi bayo obuphezulu, kuhamba kahle kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa lezi ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo ngezinhloso zezohwebo.
- Iphunga likhumbuza kakhulu amahlathi e-raspberries. Ama-raspberry ehlathini ayaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli balo mkhuba weberry.
- Ukusajingijolo okuhlukahluka okungahambisani nemibandela yomhlabathi.
- Ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukushiya kuyadingeka ezimweni uma ufuna ukufeza izinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo.
- Ubukhulu obuncane bamajikijolo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezisanda kuvuthwa.
- Ubunzima bebusika obubi. Kungcono ukukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Enyakatho, udinga izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile ebusika.
Imithetho yokuzala
Izinhlobo zokusajingijolo ama-cuttings noma ama-root root. Uma unquma ukusabalalisa i-shrub ene-cuttings eluhlaza, isikhathi esihle kakhulu salesihlobo. Sika isidingo se-cuttings esidinga empandeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukutshala izinto kufinyelelwe ku-7-10 cm, kunconywe kwisisombululo sokuvuselela izimpande amahora angu-12-15. Ukuvuselela ukukhula komsuka kungaba kanje: "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", i-indolylbutyric acid, njll.
Okulandelayo, ama-cuttings kudingeka atshalwe endaweni yokushisa noma ngaphansi kwefilimu, ukuze alondoloze ukushisa okuqhubekayo (22-25 ° C) nomswakama. Kuyoba kuhle uma ufaka nokufaka ukufuduza. Uma ungenalo ithuba elinjalo, ama-cuttings amancane kufanele atheleke njalo. Ukuqoqa okugcwele kwe-cuttings kuzokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-30-35. Ngemva kwalokhu, izitshalo kanye nomhlaba wokushisa zingatshalwa endaweni engapheliyo.
Uyazi? Kukhona okusajingijolo okubomvu. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwadlulelwa eGeneva ngo 1893.Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuzalanisa izimpande ze-cuttings - entwasahlobo. Ingxenye yesimiso sempande esinamagatsha ohlangothini ubizwa ngokuthi isibambo sempande. Emva kokuhlukaniswa, ngokushesha kufanelekile ukutshala. Kodwa kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ngenkathi efudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya selisunguliwe (cishe ngo-22-25 ° C). Emasontweni amabili okuqala, izimpande zemizi zidinga ukuchelela njalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-20-25, izihlahla kufanele zihlale ngokuphelele emhlabathini.
Njengoba ungabona, ezihlukahlukene "Kirzhach" ngaphandle ukunakekelwa okukhethekile angajabula nge amajikijolo ayo okumnandi. Kodwa uma ufuna ukuvuna okukhulu, kuzomele kwenziwe imizamo ethile, futhi uzokubonga.
