Abanikazi abaningi banesithakazelo ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani umquba wengulube ukufaka umanyolo engadini. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kokubili umquba omusha wezingulube kanye nama-humus, sizokusiza kahle ukutshala inhlabathi noma ukulahla izinsalela.
Ingabe umquba wezingulube ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo
Umquba wegayi, kanye nenkunkuma yezinkomo (izinkomo) noma izinkukhu, ezisetshenziselwa ukudla okutshala. Noma kunjalo, le umanyolo unezici zawo siqu.
Izimpawu zengulube yengulube:
- ocebile nge-nitrogen;
- kuye kwanda i-acidity (ingaphazamisa inhlabathi ye-chernozem);
- i-calcium encane;
- ukushisa okukhulu kokushisa;
- isikhathi eside sokuqedwa.
Ngakho-ke, ukungeniswa kwengulube yengulube emhlabathini owodwa otholile kuyobenza bangakulungeli izitshalo. Uma imfucuza ingcwatshwe emhlabathini ocebile ku-humus, ikhwalithi yayo iyawohloka. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lenezela ekudleni kwenhlanzi ye-porcine, okuyinto, uma ixubene nezinye izithako, ingacebisa inhlabathi ngezici ezilandelwayo zokulandelela.Akufanelekile ukuqhathanisa ingulube yezinyosi nezinkomo, njengamanzi omquba kunoma yikuphi okuba khona okunomsoco futhi okuzuzisa izitshalo. Kulesi sigaba ukubola nokubunjwa nakho kuhlukile.
Izinhlobo zengulube yomquba
Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi "isiteji" esiyi-humus. Ukwazi ukuthi izingulube zezingulube zibolile isikhathi eside, kushiywa isikhathi esithize "ukuvuthwa" ukuze ufake imithi efanelekile emhlabathini.
Okusha
Ingxube yengulube eyadlula izinyanga ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Umanyolo onjalo uwusizo ngenxa yezimila ngezizathu eziningana: uqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, elishiya isitshalo; iqukethe imbewu yezitshalo zokhula ezingenaso isikhathi sokuthi ziphele; amabhaktheriya, ama-virus, izibungu nezinye izidumbu ezigcwala izitshalo zokulimala kwemfucuza kanye nabantu.
Ngakho-ke, umquba omusha wengulube njengomanyolo awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Okungcono kakhulu, uzokwenyusa kakhulu umhlabathi; nakakhulu, uzokwenza kungakulungele ukutshala izitshalo.
Uma usuhlose ukuletha umquba omusha emhlabathini, okokuqala unciphisa i-asidi yayo ne-lime (50 g ngalinye ibhakede elilodwa) futhi uhlanganise nomquba wehhashi 1: 1.
Uyazi? Egatsha lobu-Orthodox lobuKristu lobuMpumalanga, inyama yengulube yayivinjelwe kanye nokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-carrion.
Ingxenye ephukile
Umnikelo wokushiswa owuhafu, oye usuka ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezi-12. Le manyowa namanje inqwaba enkulu yobuningi kanye nembewu yokhula, noma kunjalo, amabhaktheriya amancane nezinambuzane ezimbalwa.
Umquba we-ngulube osihliwe uhhafu ungafakwa enhlabathini ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yayo. Isondele phezulu ekuwa kwekwephuzile okulinganiselwe kwe-2-3 kg ngalinye lesikwele 1. m
Uma indle isetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo noma izimbali, kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10.
Kubalulekile! Umquba ovuthiwe usazoyingozi ezitshalweni, ngakho ungadluli imigomo ecacisiwe.
Umanyolo onjalo uqondwa kahle izitshalo ezifana neklabishi, i-zucchini, ikhukhamba kanye neqoma.
Futhi, umquba wengulube uzoba umanyolo omuhle wezitshalo ezifuna ukuba khona kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi emva kokusungulwa komquba ovuthiwe, ezinye izithasiselo ezine-azrogen azikwazi ukuzenza.
Ufile
Umquba ofile uneminyaka yobudala kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-2. Emanzini anjalo, izinambuzane ezinobungozi nembewu yokhula cishe cishe engekho.
Ukuqothula indle ilahlekelwa yingxenye yesisindo sayo, inani lomswakama kuzo liyancipha, futhi liyancipha. Uma kwakukhona utshani emasala, khona-ke kuba mnyama futhi kalula kuhlakazeka.
Umquba ofile ungabizwa ngokuthi "usukulungele." Ngenisa lapho umba ngokubala kuka-6-7 kg ngesikwele ngasinye esingu-1. m. Uma umgquba udliwe ngesimo se-aqueous, kufanele uhlanganise izingxenye ezimbili zemfucumfucu egcwele amanzi ngezinxenye ezingu-10 zamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Izinga lokubola liyakhula uma ingulube yengulube ixubene nehhashi.
I-Humus
EUma umquba wezingulube uhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2, uphenduka i-humus egcwele. Lona umanyolo obaluleke kunawo wonke, onobuncane bokuswakama kanye nezinto eziwusizo kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-humus ilahlekelwa yi-nitrogen enkulu, ngakho-ke ayibeka ingozi ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Kungasetshenziswa futhi kuma-substrates wekhwalithi ehlukile ngaphandle kokulimaza okwedlule.
I-humus yengulube ingasetshenziswa enhlabathini entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngesilinganiso se-1: 4.
Inketho ekahle kumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ingxube yehhashi nenhlanzi yengulube. Ungasebenzisa futhi ingxube yengulube ne-humus yenkomo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umquba wengulube
Siphendukela ekusetshenzisweni okufaneleko komquba weengulube. Uma i-humus yengulube ingasetshenziswa emhlabathini ngaphandle kokwesaba, imfucuza eboshiwe noma ingxenye entsha, uma ingasetshenzisiwe ngendlela engafanele, ibeka ingozi emifino kanye nomuntu ngokwakhe.
Ngakho-ke, sibheka izinketho zokusetshenziswa kwengulube yengulube.
Uyazi? Ukukhulelwa kwezingulube kwenzeka okokuqala e-China ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lesishiyagalombili BC.
Umquba
Okukhethwa kukho umanyolo ongcono kunazo zonke yi-compost yengulube yomquba. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa okunomsoco owengeziwe, ukuququgquzela umquba kuqeda iphunga elibi lezinyosi.
Ilungiselelwe ngalendlela elandelayo: Umquba ufakwa emigqeni, eyathathwa yi-straw, sawdust noma amaqabunga. Qaphela ukuthi umquba uxhumane nomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimbongolo zomhlaba ngeke zikwazi ukungena emhlabathini ebusika (ijubane lokubola lixhomeke kubo). Udaba olwengeziwe oluthile oluthile olusetshenziselwa izitshalo zokutshala kuzokwengeza ukudla okunomsoco esikhathini esizayo sama humus.
Emva kokulungisa kahle inqwaba bese ubeka amaqabunga noma utshani kulo, udinga ukulinda cishe unyaka ngaphambi kokuba umquba ulungele.
Ukuqeda ama-humus ama-parasites namaqanda abo, yenza inqwaba yomquba omude. Lokhu kutholakala ngokukhulisa indawo nokunciphisa ukuphakama komquba womquba.
I-Ready compost ivulekile, iluhlaza, iphunga njengehlabathi noma ayiphunga nhlobo. Uma inqwaba ithatha ukubola, khona-ke imfucuza ayiyona perepravayut, futhi ibolile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen. Gqugquzela inqwaba noma ukwandise indawo ngaphansi kwayo futhi iphunga liyophela.
Ngenisa umquba ophelile kuphela ngesikhathi entwasahlobo yokumba, ukuyifaka emhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ye-mulch akukhuthazwa.
Ukucubungula okunjalo kwengulube kumanyolo kuzosiza ukubuyisela kabusha i-excreta kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinsalela zemvelo ezivela engadini yemifino. Ngenxa yalokho, uzothola umanyolo wamahhala okhululekile, okwanele okungaphezu konyaka owodwa wokusetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile! Umquba ophelile awulahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo iminyaka emithathu.
Ukubeka emhlabathini ebusika
I-Fresh ingulube yengulube ingafakwa emhlabathini ebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgodi awubambe ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ejulile. Umquba ubeke kuwo futhi uhlanganiswe nomhlaba. Ubuningi bomhlaba kufanele bube okungenani 20-25 cm ukuze izinqubo ziqhubeke ngokushesha.
Ngentwasahlobo, uzothola i-analogue ye-semi-excreta. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo komquba wengulube - ukungena enhlabathini ekwindla ukumba ngamanani amancane noma ngezimbili nge-horse manure.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba umquba omusha wengulube unomuncu kakhulu, ungaphazamisa inhlabathi eduze komgodi womquba, ngakho-ke khetha indawo ngaphandle kokutshala.
Ukucwilisa umquba wengulube
Umquba wegayi ungahlanjululwa ngamanzi noma wanezelwa nge-addition of lime. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziselwa kakhulu umquba omusha - ukubambelela.
Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela ithangi elingabamba ivolumu edingekayo yomquba nomthamo ofanayo wamanzi. Nciphisa indle ngamanzi 1: 1 bese uqhubeka isonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhaktheriya we-pathogenic azofa, futhi inani le-nitrogen lizokwehla ngesilinganiso esamukelekayo.
Emva kokukhipha, ikhambi lihlanjululwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Amalitha angu-10 amanzi asetshenziselwa ilitha elilodwa le-slurry. Ukuhlunga amanzi okuhlanjululwayo izitshalo ensimini kusihlwa. Ukwenza lokhu, bamba imigodi engajulile ugcwalise ngokugqoka okuphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela akukwazi ukwenziwa empande, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singagula.
Ukusetshenziswa komquba wengulube
Uma ucabanga ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwesimiso somquba, khona-ke le ndlela izokulandela.
Ukuze uthole umlotha, udinga ukushisa imfucuza eyomile, kuqala ukomisa umquba.
Le ndlela yokulahlwa ithatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa ekugcineni uzothola inani elilindelekile lomanyolo ozohlala endaweni encane.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa, wonke amabhaktheriya, ama-microorganisms kanye nembewu yokhula zibhujiswa, okwenza umlotha uphephe kokubili izitshalo nabantu.
It isetshenziswa njengendlela umanyolo wamaminerali. Udinga ukwenza ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokulima, ngokubala kwe-1-1.5 kg yomlotha ngesikwele esingu-1. m
Indlela yokuquba izitshalo zomquba wengulube
Abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okufanele bakwenze ngomquba kanye nama-humus ezivela ezingulube. Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ukunikeza inhlabathi i-pH engekho hlangothi noma i-acidi encane, nokudla izitshalo ezidinga umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Cishe zonke izilimo zemifino nezithelo zenza i-nitrogen enhlabathini (ngaphandle kwemifino, eqoqa izimpande).
I-Humus kanye nomquba kusuka kumquba wezingulube usungulwa ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokumba. Okuhle kunakho konke lokhu kumanyolo kufaneleka kubhontshisi namazambane, okunikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ungenza uma utshala ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye neminye imifino ejwayelekile.
I-muck ehlanjululwayo ithululelwa emzimbeni. Uma lesi sixazululo siphambuka esiteshini, endaweni eqondile kusuka ezimpandeni. Ngesikwele esingu-1. Amaminithi angama-2-3 amanyolo ahlanjululwe. Ukunisela kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo zikhula ngokukhula ngokushesha. I-sludge ibizwa ngokuthi "amanzi ammonia." Ukuhlunga kumele, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, 1:10 ngamanzi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi emva kokufaka uthuli lwengulube emhlabathini, isikhathi esithile kufanele sidlule ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukubola kahle, senze inhlabathi ibe nemisebenzi ewusizo. Izimila ngeke zikwazi ukudonsa izinto ezizidingayo kumquba, uma zingenakuqala ukwehla ezakhiweni zokulandelela. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusebenzi kwamanzi ammonia.
Emva kokungena emhlabathini uthola inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, elithathwa yizimpande futhi ngokushesha linikeza umphumela. Uma umthamo udlulile, imiphumela iyoba njengokungaphezu kokudlula i-ammonium nitrate. Ungabulala isitshalo noma ungakufaneleki ukusetshenziswa komuntu.
Umquba wegayi ungasetshenziselwa ukutshala inhlabathi, kodwa ukucaca kwawo kubalulekile ukuthi uhambisane nemiyalo nezincomo. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho, ungasebenzisa kabusha udoti ngendlela efanele bese ukwandisa isivuno.
