Abalimi abaningi bakhula ama-strawberries ngeziza zabo, ama-berries abomvu abathandwa ngabantu abadala kanye nezingane, kodwa ama-strawberries, ama-strawberries "udadewabo wehlathi" akuzona izivakashi ezivamile zegadi. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-strawberries ezikhuphuka kanye nokulima kwazo ezivela emakhaya ekhaya. Sifunda indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu futhi sithole izithombo ezinempilo ezinamandla zokukhetha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izidingo zokutshala izinto
Sizoqala ngokukhetha kwezinto ezifanele zokutshala, lapho sizozithola khona ama-strawberries ase-remontant, ezithela izithelo kulo nyaka. Kudingeka ukhethe kuphela ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane, ngoba zingenakuzithoba futhi zithela izithelo kangcono emhlabathini ovulekile.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
- I-Alexandrina;
- Ali Baba;
- Umphefumulo omhlophe;
- I-Alpine novelty;
- Isimangaliso se-Yellow.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-strawberries engadini "uVictoria".
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma esikhathini esizayo ufuna ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka ku-strawberries asetshalwe kakade, khona-ke thola izinhlobonhlobo, hhayi ama-hybrids, njengoba izimfanelo zomama zingadluliselwa kuma-hybrids (njengoba kunjalo nokukhiqizwa kwezimbali eziningi nezihlahla zezithelo ngendlela yokukhiqiza).
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo "Milka" kanye "Seasons" zibhekisela kumadevu amancane amnandi.
Isiqukathi somhlabathi nesikhulayo
Ukulungisa ama-strawberry uma ukhulile kusuka kumbewu kudinga i-substrate ethile kanye nomthamo ofanele lapho i-microclimate ekhethekile ingagcinwa khona.
Noma yikuphi inhlabathi elula yokuzala ehlanganiswa nesihlabathi kanye ne-humus (ratio 3: 1: 1) ifaneleka njengomhlabathi. Amathebulethi amaningana anama-peat angasetshenziswa kwi-substrate ukusiza izithombo ngesikhathi sokuqala. Akunqatshelwe ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi umhlabathi osindayo wobumba, njengoba umswakama uphela kuwo, okuyinto ethinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuvikelwa ku-fungus, sihamba ngokuqhubekayo ekukhethweni kwamandla. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kungaba yikuphi isitsha esingenalutho esingenalutho esinesihenqo. Lo mkhono ufanelwe kangcono kunoma yikuphi ukukhanya okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus. Akufanelekile ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sifuna umthamo omuhle, ngoba i-sudochek ejwayelekile evela esitolo isifanele ukutshala.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, qeda isitsha ngesiphuzo se-alcohol noma i-potassium permanganate, yenza izimbobo eziningana ngezansi ukuze ukhulule umswakama owedlule.
Kubalulekile! Ungathengi inguqulo eshibhile ye-container, njengoba izinga eliphansi lepulasitiki lingathinta kabi ama-strawberry amancane.
Izinsuku zokutshala
Manje ake sikhulume ukuthi sizohlwanyela nini imbewu ye-sitrobheli ezitshalweni. Kunezinketho eziningana zesikhashana ezixhomeke esifisweni sakho sokuthola imikhiqizo emihle ngangokunokwenzeka, indawo yesifunda kanye nomzamo okulindelekile wokutshala ama-strawberries.
Okokuqala kuhlanganisa ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwariukuze ngonyaka ofanayo ungakwazi ukujabulela amajikijolo okumnandi kusuka ezihlahleni abasha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuhlwanyela okunjalo kukuphoqa ukuba wenze imisebenzi eyengeziwe ehlobene nokuhlinzekela ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa, futhi ukuhluma kwembewu kuyoba kubi nakakhulu kunokuhluka kokubili.
Indlela yesibili - ukutshala intwasahlobo. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kulesi simo, ngonyaka wokuqala ngeke uthole imikhiqizo ephelile, kodwa izindleko zezimali kanye nesikhathi esichithwa ekunakekeleni izithombo kuzonciphisa kakhulu, njengoba kuzokwenza ukuthi iphesenti lembewu lingagcini.
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala kuyosivumela ukuba sithole isivuno esifanele. Ngosizo lwezithombo zikhule: utamatisi, pepper yaseBulgaria, parsnip, isitshalo seqanda, zucchini, anyanisi, beet, Savoy, umbala neklabishi omhlophe.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuba ufeze imbewu yokutshala ama-strawberry for izithombo, kudingeka ulungiselele ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma. Inqubo eyinhloko ezosusa imbewu kusukela ku-hibernation yi-stratification (ithonya lomswakama kanye nokushisa okungekho emgqeni wokuzivikela wezinhlamvu).
Ukwakhiwa kwemvelo kuyadingeka ukuze ukubhubhisa ngokweqile umgogodla oqinile wokuvikela imbewu, ovikela ingqalasizinda emanzini. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngaphandle kokuklanywa, imbewu ingalala emhlabathini iminyaka engaphezu konyaka, kuze kube yilapho igobolondo liwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwenza ngaphandle kokuqeqesha okungeziwe ngeke kusebenze.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ze-stratification, okuyisusa kahle kahle imbewu kusukela "ku-hibernation". Ukuqinisekiswa ngosizo lweqhwa (ingokwemvelo). Masinyane kufanele kuthiwa uma uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho iqhwa liwela khona yonke iminyaka embalwa, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokuyibheka, ngoba izindlela zokuqhathanisa azifani kakhulu nokuhluma kwezinhlanzi ezilandelayo.
Lolu khetho lusho lokho ukulandelana kwezenzo:
- Sithatha isitsha esingenalutho sigcwalise nge-ingxube yobumba, sishiya cishe ngo-2-3 cm kuya ekugcineni.
- Thelela iqhwa phezu kwenhlabathi futhi ubeke kancane ukudala ubuso obuphansi noma ngaphezulu.
- Sifaka yonke imbewu eqhweni, sishiya izikhathi ezilinganayo. Asikho isidingo sokucindezela noma ukumbela imbewu eqhweni.
- Sifaka isitsha esiqandisini (hhayi efrijini!) Izinsuku ezintathu.
"I-technical" stratification esebenzisa i-condensate. Kulokhu, sizophatha ngaphandle kweqhwa, ngoba akunakwenzeka njalo ukukuthola, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlwanyelwe ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nangaphambi kuka-Ephreli.
Senza lokho ukulandelana kwezenzo:
- Gcwalisa isitsha ngenhlabathi, ushiye cishe u-2 cm kuya ekugcineni.
- Sifaka imbewu phezu komhlabathi ebangeni elilinganayo komunye nomunye bese ucindezela kancane emhlabathini. Ungase futhi uhlanganise imbewu ngesihlabathi futhi usakazeke nje, kodwa kulokhu kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukulawula ubungani bezitshalo.
- Vala isitsha ngesembozo noma izingqimba eziningana zefilimu yokudla bese uyibeka efrijini izinsuku ezintathu.
Kunendlela yesithathu engasebenzi ku-stratification. Imbewu yembewu ingafakwa emanzini weqhwa e-thawed izinsuku ezimbili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu ngoboya bekotini, ubeke ebhodweni elincane bese uthele amanzi abandayo ngeqhwa lapho. Khona-ke siyifaka yonke ifilimu, sibeke endaweni efudumele bese silandela inqubo ukuze sihlwanyele imbewu ehlume ngesikhathi. Qinisekisa ngokucophelela ukuthi uboya abukoma.
Kubalulekile! Ukugxila akukwazi ukuguqulwa noma ukuguqulwa imbewu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ngenhla, sathi imbewu ayingcwatshwe emhlabathini, kodwa ibekwa phezulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngenqubo yokuhlwanyela ngokuningiliziwe. Ngaphezu kokuhlwanyela ngaphezu kweqhwa, elihlanganiswe nesihlabathi noma emhlabathini ovamile, kulandelwa ukuchoboza, ungaphinda uhlwanyele ama-strawberries emigodini engavamile engahle ibe yi-1.5-2 cm.
Kungakhathaliseki indlela yokuhlwanyela, kufanele uhlale ukhumbule lokho akuvunyelwe ukumboza impahla yokutshala. Ngisho nezinhlamvu ezinamandla kakhulu ngeke zikwazi ukuphakamisa umhlabathi ukuze zifinyelele ekukhanyeni. Inhlabathi esitsheni idinga ukuhanjiswa futhi ifakwe kancane. Ukugcoba kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kokunisela (usebenzisa i-syringe noma iminwe).
Uyazi? Strawberry kanye sitrobheli - kungumngane wamanga, noma kunalokho - i-polynokis, njengoba imbewu (amantongomane amancane) ephezulu kwesithelo, hhayi ngaphakathi.
Ukunakekela izitshalo
Ngemuva kokuba usuqedile imbewu, isitsha kufanele siswe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo. Ukushisa ekamelweni akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C nangaphezulu kuka-25 ° C. Ukukhanya kufanele kube okwanele, kodwa ilanga eliqondile akufanele liwele esitsheni ngesikhathi semini ukuze inhlabathi ingabe iyomile.
Njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela kungeke kwanele, isibani se-fluorescent sifakwe eduze kwesitsha, okufanele "sisebenze" kusukela ngo-6 ekuseni kuya ku-11 ekuseni. Izidingo zansuku zonke zokungcebeleka (ikhava noma ifilimu) ukuhlola umswakama nomoya. I-Condensate kumele ihlulwe ngesikhathi sokuphuza umoya.
Kubalulekile! Ukungabikho kwemfucuza esihlalweni noma ifilimu kubonisa ukwehla komswakama. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlunga inhlabathi kuyadingeka.Ekugubheni yonke imingcele amahlumela okuqala azovela emavikini angu-2-4, kuye ngokuthi ibanga.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Okulandelayo, sifunda ukuthi singakhula kanjani izithombo zezitshalo ze-sitrobheli ezivela kumbewu ehlwanyelwe. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zethu zihlume, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe esikhwameni / ifilimu yokuhambisa umoya. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 indawo yokukhosela isusiwe ngokuphelele, kancane kancane ivumela izitshalo kumvelo wangaphandle.
Ukuthola isitshalo esiphakeme nesiphakeme, kubalulekile ukuvikela ama-strawberries ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezithinta.
Ngenkathi yokukhula kwezithombo, idinga ukushisa okufanayo (hhayi ngaphansi kwama-20 ° C) nomhlabathi omanzi. Amanzi ngokuqapha.usebenzisa i-syringe noma i-pipette. Uketshezi kumele "kwehliswe" eceleni kwezindonga zesitsha ukuze ungahlanza imbewu emhlabathini.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ngokukhanyisa okungeziwe. Ngemuva kokuba imifino iphuma emhlabathini, i-ingress yimuphi (ekuseni, ntambama noma kusihlwa) ilanga eliqondile liyingozi kakhulu, njengoba amaqabunga azoshisa ngokushesha. Ngakho, ukunakekela izithombo akufani kakhulu nokunakekela izitshalo. Hlola umbuso wokushisa futhi ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke ukugcina izithombo ziphilile.
Uyazi? I-East Asia ibhekwa njengesizinda semvelaphi nokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwama-strawberries.
Izithombo ze-Dive
Izinyathelo zenziwa ngemuva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga amathathu endaweni entsha (ezindebe ezihlukene). Lokhu inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukuze ukulimaza izitshalo ezincane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha kulula. Noma yimuphi umonakalo esiteshini noma izimpande kuzoholela ekugcineni.
Indlela elula yokufeza ukufakelwa usebenzisa ama-plastic nge-labelton amalebula, angeke agcizelele ingcindezi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isitshalo ngasinye sigcinwa ngobumnene ngesikhathi sokukhipha inhlabathi, ukuze kungabikho izimpande ezincane.
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlelo lwempande lugoba phezulu, khona-ke ama-strawberries ngeke ahlome endaweni entsha.Umhlabathi esakhiweni esisha kumele ube nokusebenza okufanayo njengokwedlule. Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi eyindayo kusavunyelwe. Uma utshala ezinkomeni ezilodwa, izithombo kufanele zijule ekujuleni okufanayo njengaphambi kokufakelwa.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izithombo ziyi-spudding ukuze umhlaba ufinyelele ekukhuleni. Le nqubo yenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqu, esisehlabathini, sibeka izimpande ezengeziwe zokuhlanganiswa kangcono emhlabathini futhi kwandise ivolumu yesistimu yonke.
Ukuzikhandla
Izimo zokushisa ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo azikwazi ukuphindaphinda emhlabathini ovulekile, ngakho-ke Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuqina. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga ama-4 akhiwa ngezitshalo ezincane, ama-strawberries angaba nzima.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngalendlela elandelayo: isitsha sonke esinemibala esivumayo senziwa emkhathini wokubeka amanzi, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele sibhekene ngaphandle ngaphandle kwamaconsi abukhali. Lo mkhuba uphindaphindwa nsuku zonke, ukwandisa isikhathi izithombo zingaphandle kwezimo zokushisa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuphuma emhlabathini ovulekile, izinkomishi kufanele zithathwe usuku lonke ngaphandle kokuqedela inqubo yokucima.
Kubalulekile! Ukudonsa okubalulekile ekushiseni noma emashikheni kuzobhubhisa izithombo.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Emhlabathini ovulekile izitshalo ezithuthelwe ngamaqabunga ayisithupha ayisithupha ekuseni. Kungcono ukubeka izihlahla ngaphansi komqhele omkhulu womuthi omkhulu ukuze izitshalo zingabikho ukushisa kwelanga. Uma ilungiselelo elinjalo lingenakwenzeka, khona-ke ukuthungwa kuyadingeka emavikini amabili okuqala okukhetha izithombo.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe phakathi kuka-20-30 cm ukuze kube nesikhala esanele sokwamukelwa kwezakhi zokulandelela nezakhi ezisuka enhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela umswakama womhlabathi, ukuqhuba njalo ukuchelela noma ukuphalaza (kuphela kusihlwa noma ekuseni, lapho kungekho ilanga). Ama-strawberries atshalwe aqala ukuthela izithelo emva kwezinyanga ezine-5, uma isimo sezulu sihle.
Kubalulekile! Ukunciphisa i-nitrogen enhlabathini kunciphise ukubunjwa kwe-fetus, kuphuthumise ukukhula kwamahlumela namaqabunga ama-strawberries.
Lokhu kugcina ingxoxo yokutshala ama-strawberry kusuka kumbewu. Le nqubo isikhathi eside kodwa kunesikhathi esiningi, kodwa kumnandi ukubona ukuthi ukuphikelela nokukhiqiza ama-strawberries kuxhomeke emizamweni yakho, hhayi ngokuthembeka komdayisi odayisa izithombo. Landela imiyalo futhi ungakhula noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-sitrobheli ekhaya.
