I-Apple-tree Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Ural kuhlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ngokunambitheka okugqamile nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Izithelo zalesi sihlahla zifanelekile kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokomisa nokwenza imishado. Kulesi sihloko sizoveza okuvelele kwe-appral yama-Ural amaningi, incazelo yayo eningiliziwe ngesithombe, kanye ne-agrotechnology yokulima nokuzikhethela kokunakekelwa komuthi wesithelo, ngokusekelwe ezincomo nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi.
Umlando we-Inference
Lezi zinhlobo zakhiwe eSouth Ural Institute for Horticultural Research. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene uPapirovka noRametka Krasnaya. Umlobi wezinhlobonhlobo kwakunguP.A. Zhavoronkov, umzalisi waseChelyabinsk.
Ema-70s, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zathola ukuthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobulukhuni bebusika, kanye nokukwazi ukujwayela futhi zikhule kahle ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemhlabathi.
Uyazi? Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula ezingaba ngu-7 500 zanda emhlabeni, ne-United States ne-China eholele ekukhiqizeni.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Inqwaba yezilwane ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezisenyakatho zezihlahla ze-apula. Sinikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yalesi sihlahla ukuze sihlaziye zonke izimfanelo zayo nezimo eziyingozi.
Inombolo yama-apula asebusika-aqinile ahlanganisa: I-Cinnamon Striped, i-Pear yaseMoscow, i-Silver Hoof, i-Antonovka ne-Voskhod.
Incazelo yomuthi
Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, lo muthi uqala ukukhula owokuqala. Amandla okukhula kwakhe ajwayelekile. Umqhele usuke ukhululekile, uhlangothi. Leli fomu lakhiwa ngenxa yokuthi ama-apula amaningi athambisa wonke amagatsha, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi unesimo "sokukhala".
Amagxolo asembala umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlamvu ahlangene, aluhlaza futhi angenqenqemeni. Amahlumela avame ukuba mncane, abe nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimbali zinemibala emincane, ezincane, zine-shape encane encane, ngaphakathi kwikholomu ye-pistils yobude obude. 
Incazelo yezithelo
Isithelo salolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-apula lukhula luphuzi. Zihlale zibushelelezi futhi ziluhlaza, nge-sheen encane. Ngezinye izikhathi esikhumbeni kungase kubonakale amaphuzu avela kancane. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyindilinga, ubukhulu buyinto encane.
Futhi ukubukeka nokunambitheka kwama-apula kuseduze kakhulu ne-Papirovka ehlukahlukene.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emithini emincane izithelo zikhula zikhudlwana, cishe ama-50-60 g ngesisindo, kanti nezihlahla zezithelo zomuntu omdala zingama-apula amancane - 35-40 g. I-peduncle ifana ne-Ranetok, ende.
Uma umuthi ukhula ngelanga elikhanyayo, isithelo singase singabi ophuzi ngokuphelele, kodwa sibe nomthunzi omnyama ophuzi. 
Ukuvota
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela ku-apple samobesplodnyh. Okusho ukuthi impova ivela kuphela ngenxa yempova yezimbali zezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-pollinator ekahle kuyoba yi-apple tree Uralets.
Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kuzakuba yizindawo zokutshala ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili, ngaphansi kwebanga eliphakathi kwabo elingamamitha angaba ngu-5.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Kakade maphakathi no-September, ama-apula aqala ukuvuthwa. Ukukhula komzimba kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu, kuye ngokuthi izithelo zisetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi ngabe zizozicubungula.
- Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, uqoqe inani lezithelo ezihamba ngamanzi kanye nama-compotes. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi inyama yinto enamandla kakhulu futhi ilungele lolu hlobo lokucubungula.
- Phakathi naphakathi kukaSeptemba yisikhathi esihle sokuvuna ama-apula azodliwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pulp inemanti enomsoco futhi ikhulu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Lezo zithelo ezizoya ekugcwaliseni ukubhaka, futhi zizosetshenziselwa ukugaxeka, ukugaxeka, ukujamu, njll. Ziqoqwe ngo-Okthoba.
Kubalulekile! Ukungafani kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ukuthi ngisho nezithelo ezivuthiwe aziwa emagatsheni.
Ukuthela
Imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza Isikhathi esiningi sivame njalo ngonyaka. Isihlahla esingajwayelekile singakhipha izithelo ezimbili ezinamanzi angu-200, okungukuthi, kuze kube ngu-200 abaphathi bezithelo zingavuna kusuka ku-1 ha we-plantings ehlanzekile.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Uma ama-apula ahlanzekile agcinwa ezimweni ezifanele, angaqamba amanga cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Kungcono ukuwagcina eziqandisini, noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithelo ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C.
Kumele ubeke kuqala kwezinye iziqukathi ezenziwe ngokhuni (iziqukathi noma amabhokisi), ungase uzibeke ngokucophelela emashalofini. 
Ubusika obunzima
Izihlahla ze-Apple zibusika kakhulu-ziqinile. Ngokuphelele kungakhula esimweni sezulu esithandayo. Isihlahla asesabi amahlumela aphansi okushisa namaqhwa amfushane. Ngokusho balimi, kungamelana -50 ° C noma ngaphezulu.
Lesi sici sesici sinzuzo ye-Ural enkulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesikhumba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathandeki kakhulu, zingathinteka yi-fungal disease. Kanti futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, i-moniliosis iyamlimaza.
Kukhona ukuthambekela kokushisa kwelanga, okumelwe kucatshangelwe lapho utshala izihlahla. 
Isicelo
Izithelo ze-apula Ural okuningi, izici zazo ezihlinzekwe kulesi sihloko, zingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Bangadliwa fresh, njengoba ama-apula anamanzi, aneju-ukunambitheka okumnandi.
Futhi, zinkulu zokulondolozwa, ukulungiselela ama-compotes, ama-juice. Ama-apula, okuvunwa esikhathini esizayo, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-jam ne-jams.
Funda izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufometha nokumelela ama-apula ebusika.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ze-apula uma uthenga
Indlela umuthi okhula ngayo, ukuthi uzoba mnandi futhi uhlale unomphela, okokuqala kuncike ekuvuneni okulungile. Kunconywa ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho zisebenza khona ekukhuleni izihlahla zegadi.
Ngakho-ke kuyokwazi ukuthola ukuqiniseka ukuthi isihlahla sama-apple amaningi esi-Ural sizokhula kusuka esiteji, ngaphandle kokungcola kwezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi abanolwazi bazokwazi ukunikeza izeluleko zokutshala nokunakekelwa, okuzosiza umlimi ukuba akhule umuthi omuhle esakhiweni sakhe. 
Ukunconywa ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kuhlelwe ukuthenga. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi wakhulela ezimweni ezifanayo zezulu lapho kuhlelwe khona esikhathini esizayo. I-sapling encane iyoba ngcono, ngoba kuyoba lula ngaye ukuthi ivumelane nezimo ezintsha, uzoziqeda ngokushesha.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula Isikhulu esikhulu
Ukuze umuthi we-apula wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Ural ukujabulisa isivinini ngesivuno esicebile futhi esihlwabusayo, udinga ukuqonda ngokucophelela imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela isihlahla.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Lesi sihlahla se-apula singezinhlobo zama-autumn. Ungalitshala entwasahlobo, okungukuthi ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli, noma ekwindla - ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukwehla kwe-Autumn kusabhekwa njengokulungile. 
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi kuyisinqumo esibaluleke kakhulu kulesisigaba. Indawo idinga ukukhanya, kuyadingeka ukuthi kukhona ukuvikelwa emiphathini eqinile ebandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile kuvame izithelo eziningi emthini, kunzima ukuthi amagatsha aqine ukulinganisa okunjalo, futhi le nqubo ingasheshisa umoya oqinile.
Izinhlobonhlobo azikhethi emhlabathini, kepha noma kunjalo inhlabathi engeyona acidikhi ecebile nge-nitrogen, evundile kakhulu iyona efanelekile. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele asondele eduze kwesayithi.
Uyazi? Ama-apula awakwazi ukugcoba emanzini ngenxa yokuthi isisindo sabo sisuka ku-20% kuya ku-25% emoyeni.
Inqubo kanye nohlelo
Isiviki nesigamu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kuhlelwe, udinga ukulungisa isakhiwo, ukumba, ukuhlanza ukhula futhi, okwakhiwa izimbobo zokutshala. Ukujula komgodi kufanele kube ngamaphesenti angama-90, kanti ububanzi buxhomeke ekupheleni kwezimpande ngokwabo. Inhlanganisela yama-humus, umlotha okhuni, umhlabathi ophezulu, i-ammonium nitrate kanye ne-superphosphate kufanele yenziwe ngezansi. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-seedling kufanele luqondiswe ngokucophelela, luzama ukulimaza amagatsha, bese ubeka isithombo ngokwayo emgodini bese ulibophezela emgodini wokusekela.
Izimpande zifafazwe ngomhlaba, bese zigcwala kancane. Emva kwalokho umuthi kufanele uthululwe kakhulu. Kunconywa ukutshala izindlela ezihlukahlukene zama-apula endaweni ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo kunezici eziningi. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Iminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuqala yokunakekela i-apula izokufaka ukuchelela njalo nokulawula ukhula. Ngokuvamile abalimi bendawo podstvolnuyu, okungukuthi, yakha utshani lobuciko noma yemvelo.
Utshani okhulile ube ngu-10-15 cm lungagunjwa futhi lubekwe esakhiweni njengendlela yomquba wemvelo. Kubalulekile ukwenza izihlahla, ngoba utshani lunamandla okukhipha inhlabathi. 
Izihlahla ezincane kufanele ziphuze ehlobo cishe ngenyanga. Isikhathi ngasinye udinga ukuthulula ama-3-4 amabhakede amanzi ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye we-apula. Uma inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla isesihlabathi, noma ihlobo limile ngokweqile, khona-ke ukuchelela kumele kwandiswe kube yinye noma kabili ngesonto.
Umthamo wamanzi wesihlahla somuthi omdala ungaba cishe ubalwa ngeminyaka yawo. Ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi kufanele lithathwe ngonyaka ngamunye wempilo ka-apula (umuthi oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala udinga amabhakede amahlanu amanzi).
Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka okungenani ukuchelela okune. Iyokuqala iqhutshwa ngaphambi kokuphuza i-bud bud, owesibili - emva kwamasonto amabili kuya ku-2-3 ngemuva kokuvuna, okwesithathu - inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, okwesine - emva kokuvuna okugcwele kwezithelo, ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamahlamvu.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa izithelo zokuchelela izithelo akukhuthazwa, ukuze ungaqalisi ukuthulula ngokweqile ama-apula kanye nokuqhekeka okulandelayo. Lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu izinga lokugcina yesitshalo ngesikhathi sokugcina.Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuqhuba mulching eyengeziwe nge utshani, peat noma sawdust.
Umanyolo
Izitshalo eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila esakhiweni esisha zidinga i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potash. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla ezincane zingasetshenziswa ngesisombululo se-urea (isipuni esingu-1 ngamalitha angu-5 wamanzi), ngoMeyi noma ngo-June ukufaka umquba wokucwilisa nge-sodium humate noma i-Ideal (1 isipuni ngamabhakede ngamanzi) kufanele kwenziwe. NgoSeptemba, kunconywa izinkuni ukutshala nge-superphosphate (2 tbsp. L.) Namanzi (ibhakede elilodwa). Ukugqoka okumile kufanele kufakwe enhlabathini ekujuleni kwe-bayonet embuthanweni wezihlahla zomuthi ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Umsuka kanye nomanyolo we-foliar kufanele ushintshwe.
Imithi ingahlanzwa ngesisombululo se-urea mineral fertilizer (ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi, 2 tbsp. L.), Wood ash. Inqubo kufanele iqhutshwe kabili, kuqala ngaphambi kokuchichima, bese-emva kokuphela kwayo, okwenza amaviki amathathu aphule.
Izixazululo ezilungiselelwe kusuka ezakhiweni zomkhondo (ithusi, manganese, i-zinc), kufanele zisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kokuthulula ama-apula.
Kubalulekile! Inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhlosiwe, konke ukugqoka okumele kube khona kufanele kume.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ukulawulwa kokuvimbela kwenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe izihlahla ezifweni (isikhumba, njll) nezinambuzane (amabhu, ama-aphid aluhlaza, njll).
Ngalesi sizathu, ukugcoba okumhlophe kwamakhila ane-lime ingxube kwenziwa ekwindla. Ukwengeza, kufanele ufune imibuthano ye-trunk eduze; kungcono ukwenza lokhu hhayi ngefosholo, kodwa ngamafoloko. 
Wonke amaqabunga awile kumele aqoqwe futhi abhujiswe, angawashiyi ensimini. Izigqoko ezingaphansi komhlaba nazo zidinga ukususwa, njengama-aphid nezinye izidakamizwa eziyingozi zingalinda lapho ebusika.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila endaweni entsha yensimu, izihlahla ezincane zama-apple zidinga ukwakha imiqhele. Kuze kube sekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukuba unqume amagatsha aqondile akhule kakhulu, futhi asuse amagatsha angadingekile.
Ukukhula konyaka odlule kufanele kufushane ukuze umuthi we-apula ukhule kabanzi ngobubanzi kunokuphakama. Unyaka ngamunye olandelayo, ingxenye yamagatsha omdala kufanele asuswe, ngaleyo ndlela ivuselele ukubunjwa kwamahlumela amancane nezimbali.
Amagatsha agulayo, owomile futhi awonakele nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi adinga ukunqunywa. Umqhele oqondile we-apula omdala unemibala eminingana ephethe ama-3-4 amahlumela asatshalaliswa ngokufanayo emkhathini, okhula eduze komunye nomunye.
Amagatsha aphansi ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele abe nesikhathi esincane kunalabo abakhula kakhulu. Ukusikeka kufanele kubekwe nge-pitch pitch, noma kudwetshwe ngokuhola okubomvu. Uma uvame ukwenza izihlahla zomqhele wama-apula, uyokwandisa isikhathi saso sokuphila, kanye nokuqina kwesithwathwa.
Uyazi? I-American P. Styuvesant ngo-1647 watshala i-apula esiqhingini sakhe eManhattan. Okumangalisa ukuthi lesi sihlahla sesivele siphila isikhathi eside, ngoba asikhulumi nje kuphela kuze kube manje, kodwa futhi siveza izithelo kahle.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Frost and Rodent
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, inqwaba ye-Ural njengeminye imithi eminingi, kumele ivikelwe kumagundane kanye neqhwa.
- Ngaphandle kokumhlophe kwamakhola ekwindla, izitshalo ezincane zingasongwa ngamagatsha ezihlahla ze-coniferous, iphepha, noma ezinye izinto zokumboza ukuze zivikele ezigodini phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, kanye nasebandleni.
- Zonke izithelo ezibolile ezingaba ngaphansi kwesihlahla, udinga ukuqoqa nokususa esakhiweni ukuze ukubola kungalimazi isivuno esizayo.
- Iqhwa, elizowa ebusika, kungcono futhi ukususa emthini njengoba kudingeka, ukuze amagatsha angaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo salo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umbuthano we-mulch pristvolny ngaphambi kokubanda ebusika.
Njengoba ehlinzekele i-apula e-Uralskoye apula ehlukahlukene ngokunakekelwa kahle nokukhathazeka ngokufanele, ngokuphindaphindiwe, umlimi wezamasimu uzothola ukuvuna okucebile kwama-apula anomsoco anamnandi.
