Izinhlobo nezinhlamvu zika utamatisi zihluke kakhulu. Umlimi ngamunye wemifino angawaqoqa ngokutshala ngokusho kwakhe - abanye bakhetha izithelo ezinkulu, ezinomzimba, ezinye ezifana nezithelo ezincane nezithandekayo, kanti omunye umuntu unyanzelekile ukuba akhethe uhlobo lwezimo zesimo sezulu esifundeni sabo. Kudingeka ukuthi ubone ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani utamatisi ngokutshala endaweni yokushisa noma endaweni evulekile, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ezinomdla kakhulu.
Imikhawulo yokukhetha
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ezinombeni eziningi: indawo yokutshala, indawo evulekile noma evikelwe, ukunambitheka kwetamatisi, inhloso yokulima (ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukukhethisa, ukulondolozwa), ukuphila kwelanga, imifino, ukulwa nezifo nokunye okuningi.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ezinikezela kakhulu zinikela ngemifino engaphezu kuka-5 kg kusuka ku-1 square. Ukuthutha. Amanye ama-hybrids akhulile ngenhloso yokuhweba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo akwazi ukukhiqiza isitshalo sama-utamatisi angu-20 kusuka kumitha eyi-1 yokutshala. 
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isivuno esiphelele sotamatisi ekuqaleni sasiyinkulu, ngoba lapho kutshalwa izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyoba yilapho ephansi kakhulu kunokwendlu yokushisa.
Hlola izinhlobo eziningana zezamatamatisi ezifundeni ezahlukene: iSiberia, i-Urals, isifunda saseMoscow, esifundeni saseLeningrad.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe isivuno esikhulu emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kutshalwe izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- "Anastasia" - Izihlahla ezinomnyaka ophakathi nendawo zifinyelela ku-130 cm, kanti izithelo ezibomvu noma zensimbi ezigcwele phakathi, ezifika ku-200 g. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuyinto eyi-12 kg kusuka ku-1 m yokutshala.
- "I-Diabolic" - amahlumela amancane, amade amade, afika ku-120 cm, anamajikijolo ama-oblong abomvu anesisindo esingama-140 g. Izinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ukuhamba, amalungiselelo asebusika, azihambisani nezifo. Ngezinga lezimboni, ungakwazi ukufika kwabangu-600 abaphakathi kwamatamatisi kusuka ku-1 hektare yokutshala.
- "Impophoma" - Izihlahla ezindala zokuvuthwa kokuqala, zibe ne-orange ekhanyayo, enesisindo, izithelo ze-oblong. Ngokugcinwa kwezimo ezikhula kahle, isitshalo sifike ku-8 kg ngehora elilodwa lokuduka.
- "Nastena F1" - elide elivuthiwe elivuthiwe, elifinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama, elinamajikijolo amakhulu abomvu, kuze kube ngu-300 g. Ukulwa namazinga okushisa aphansi, umswakama ophezulu nezifo. Ukukhiqiza kungafinyelela ku-18 kg ukusuka ku-1 m yokufika.
- "Okusajingijolo Okukhulu" - ibanga elivuthiwe elivuthiwe ngezithelo ezinkulu ze-pink, ezilingana no-800 g. Akuzona izifo futhi zihlale zihambisana nabahlukumezi.
Kubalulekile! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezinokuvunwa okungavamile azithokozi iphunga elimnandi nelinambitheka elikhethekile ngenxa yokuthi wonke amandla lalezi zitshalo ahloswe ekwakhiweni kwenani elikhulu lezithelo, hhayi ukuqoqwa kwamafayili kanye noshukela.
Usayizi wezithelo namahlathi
Ubukhulu bezitamatisi izithelo zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi:
- inkulu kakhulu (700-1000 g);
- ezinkulu (300-500 g);
- okuphakathi;
- okuncane;
- encane kakhulu ("Cherry").
- "Inhliziyo kaBull" - utamatisi ophakathi nonyaka, ngezithelo ezifinyelela ku-600 g, ne-pulp enomsoco omnandi.
- "Ukumangala kukaSt. Andrew" - Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-2 m. Izinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa amasaladi. Ama-raspberry amajikijolo amakhulu akhule kuze kube ngu-700 g, abe nama-juicy, ama-pulp enamafutha nombolo encane yezinhlamvu.
- "Izimangaliso zomhlaba" - izithelo ezinemibala enemizwelo enomsila omnandi kakhulu, finyelela ku-500 g
- "U-Black Moor" - I-hybride yokuvuthwa okulinganiselwe namajikijolo amancane ensundu, efinyelela ku-50 g. Isetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa.
- "I-Wonder of the World" - encane, umbala nesimo esifana nelamula, utamatisi, isisindo esingama-100 g. Ukuvunwa kwesitshalo esisodwa ama-berries ama-50.
- "Tarasenko 2" - amahlathi amakhulu ahlanganisa amabhulashi amakhulu amajikijolo amancane; izithelo ezingaba ngu-35 kuya ku-60 g zivuthwe ngamunye kwiqoqo ngalinye.
Ukuphakama kwamatamatisi ehlathini kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ukunquma (isihlahla esingaphansi kwesibhakabhaka) - ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela ku-100 cm. Inzuzo yabo ukuthi izihlahla azidingi ukuhlanganisa nokususwa kwamahlumela amaningi.
- I-Indeterminate (ukukhuphuka ubude) - ukhule ufike ku-2 m, kanti izihlahla zifuna ukufakwa kwezesekelo nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla. Kanti, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezinhlamvu zihlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: izinga elijwayelekile (elinamahlumela ezinama-compact); ama-non standard (amahlumela amancane ngokuvamile awela ngaphansi kwesisindo, edinga ukufakwa kwesekelo).
- Okuphakathi noma okuyisine-determinant - ingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-80 kuya ku-110 cm.
Isikhathi sokuvusa
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, utamatisi uhlukaniswe waba izinhlobo:
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala - isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyikhulu. Utamatisi olunjalo kufaka izinhlobo "Don Juan", "Oak", "Alpha", "Ukugcwalisa Okumhlophe", "Valentine", "Amur shtamb".
- Phakathi nonyaka - finyelela ekuvuthweni ngosuku lwama-115. Izinhlobo ezivamile: "Tsarevna", "Elephant Pink", "Akulina", "Hybrid 35", "Giant 5", "Volgograd".
- Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana - Izinsuku ezingu-117-130 ziyadingeka ukuze zivuthwe. Lezi tamatisi azithandwayo ikakhulukazi, kodwa zinepilo emide yethalala. Lezi zihlanganisa "I-Wonder of the World", "De Barao", "Brown Sugar", "Titan".
- Ama-hybrid okuqala ase-Ultra - uhlobo olufunwa kakhulu utamatisi, ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-70 kuphela. Imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ibekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi kuze kube seqhwa - "Enyakatho Ephezulu", "Nevsky", "Sanka", ne "Little Red Riding Hood".
Uyazi? I-tomato ayinayo i-cholesterol, kodwa ifaka inani eliningi le-fibre, amavithamini A, C, i-pigment lycopene, engakhiwanga ngumzimba womuntu, ngisho ne-"hormone yenjabulo" ye-serotonin.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Isifo esivame kakhulu nesingozi samatamatisi yisilima esibucayi. Ezinye izifo zifaka izifo ezilandelayo: indawo emnyama, i-mosaic, i-gray gray, umlenze omnyama, ukubola okubomvu, ukukhwabanisa kwezithelo. Izinambuzane ezihlasela utamatisi zibandakanya i-medvedka, ama-wireworms, amacimbi, amahlaya, ama-whiteflies. 
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezithathwe abalimi ukuvimbela izifo zifaka:
- ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zikhule nge-potassium permanganate;
- Ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi kokulungiselela izethusi;
- ukuguqulwa komhlaba ngokuphelele endaweni yokushisa noma ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokutshala endle.
- "Boheme" - i-hybrid esine-srednerosly eneziqu ezinesisindo esiqoqiwe emabhulashini wezingcezu ezingu-5. Ukukhiqiza - kufika ku-6 kg kusuka esihlahleni.
- "Blitz" - izinhlobo ezinquma ukuvuthwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-80. Ukuphikisana nokulimala okwesikhashana, umdwebo wezokwelapha, i-Fusarium, i-Septoria ne-necrosis.
- "Opera F1" - i-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe efinyelela ukuphakama kuya ku-1 m. Uhlehlisela izifo: i-fitoftoroz, indawo emhlophe, i-mosaic, i-fomoz, i-necrosis.
- I-Spartak F1 - izinhlobo ezingenamkhawulo ezinezithelo ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-200 g. Ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana ne-cladosporia, i-blight, i-fusarium, i-mosaic, umlenze omnyama.
- "Virtuoso F1" - indeterminantny grade ukumelana ukuguquka lokushisa ukushintshashintsha, ukushintsha izibani kanye nezimo zokushisa. Utamatisi aphikisana nokulimala okuphelile, ukubola kwezimpande, i-fusarium, i-mosaic, i-cladosporia, ne-blackleg.
Impilo yesheluli
Izinhlobo kuphela eziqukethe isakhi esivimbela ukuvuthwa kunomphelo omude we-shelf. Ngokuvame kakhulu lokhu kuyimifino yokuvuthwa kwephuzile, eyakhiwe ngenhloso yokulondolozwa kahle. Lezi utamatisi zivunwa esigabeni sokuqala samajikijolo avuthiwe futhi zithole umbala omnyama obomvu. I-spice kamuva, ekushiseni kwe-18 ° C.
Ama-hybridi ahlala isikhathi eside ahlanganisa:
- "Dominator", "Lazar", "Radical" - igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa;
- "Ijubane", "Ipulazi likaSilanga" - ukuphila kwelanga kuze kuphele izinyanga ezingu-4;
- "Lazybok", "Unyaka Omusha", "Long Kiper" - ayilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo kuze kube nguJanuwari ngonyaka ozayo.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi wesitoreji eside unesibindi esinyene, iphunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuvuthwa kwayo yenzeka emvelweni wokufakelwa.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuvumelanisa utamatisi nezimo zezulu. Kutshalwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho tamatamatisi, okujwayele ukujwayela isimo sezulu eseningizimu, ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza isivuno esifanele, futhi ngokufanayo.
Kodwa-ke, abalimi abengeziwe banokukhiqiza izinhlobo zomhlaba wonke ezingathela izithelo kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu.
Izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zika utamatisi ngokukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo:
- "I-Pink Raisin" - ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuphezulu okuvame ukuvuthwa, ngokuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa. Ibhulashi le-Multipartum eligcwele izithelo ezibushelelezi, ezithintekayo, ezibomvana.
- "Imilenze yamabhanana" - utamatisi ovuthiwe ophezulu, umumo oblongekayo oblongeka ngokuphela okubukhali kanye ne-sweet pulp. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli ku-60 cm. Izithelo zinomusa ongafani uma u-salting, nazo zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ama-sauces nama-saladi.
- "Angel Angel" - ama-ultraearly ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezingafanele isidingo sokutholwa. Izithelo ze-Pink zithandeka. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-saladi.
- "Qamba kabusha" - isikhukhula esakhula esingaba ngu-40 cm ubude, kodwa siphume kakhulu futhi sithandeka kakhulu. Akuyona ekhethiwe ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Izithelo isisindo sifinyelela 100 g.
Ukuze ukhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zifanelwe kahle: I-Sugar Bison, uMaryina Roshcha, uMichado Rosy, uMaspberry Miracle, i-Pink Honey, i-Bely Pouring, i- Verlioka Plus, i-Red Guard, i- Ikhadineli. "
Izinhlobo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle:
- "Roma" - i-shrub enquma ukufika ku-60 cm. Izithelo zesimo sokuqala se-oblong, esibomvu esibomvu, esinomzimba nesiphunga. Ngokuphelele kufanelekile kokubili salting, futhi ukusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa fresh.
- "Anastasia" - Umbono we-hybrid ngezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu kakhulu, ezifinyelela ku-200 g. Ukulwa nezifo nokungathobeki ekunakekeleni.
- "Impophoma" - isihlahla esivuthiwe, sikhula sibe ngu-100 cm. Kuhlwanyela kakhulu amajikijolo amancane omvu. Sebenzisa i-salting noma i-canning.
Uyazi? Ukuhunyushwa kusuka egameni lesiNtaliyane elithi "utamatisi" kusho "i-apula yegolide". EFrance, imifino ibizwa ngokuthi "i-apple yothando", naseJalimane - "ipuladesi apula".
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zika utamatisi
Akulula ukwenza isamba esijwayelekile samatamatisi, kunikezwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-7 500 zemifino zihlonyelwe namhlanje, kanti inhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo nemifino yanda ngonyaka.
Ukunqunywa (ukukhuphuka) utamatisi
Ukutshala utamatisi kuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezivuno zabo eziphakeme nokukhula okusheshayo. Abameleli abavame kakhulu:
- "De Barao" - isihlahla esiphezulu se-2-meter, esinomkhiqizo omkhulu. Izithelo ezilinganiselwe zinomsoco futhi zinamanzi.
- "I-Admiral" - okuvame kakhulu, utamatisi ovuthiwe ngokushesha, osetshenziswa kakhulu kokubili ama-saladi nokulondolozwa.
- "Frant" - i-hybrid efanele ukulima endaweni evulekile nasendlini yokushisa. Ibekezelela isimo sezulu esibandayo.
- I-Mustar Scarlet - i-shrub ende ngezincane (300 g), izithelo zamanzi, i-tonkoshkurimi.
- "UKhomishini" - I-hybrid enekhanda eliphakeme, amajikijolo amancane. Ukuphikisa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo.
Utamatisi omisiwe
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zemifino zibhekene nokuphikiswa okuhle kwezifo nokusimama kokushisa.
Ama-Semideterminant hybrids asakazeke:
- "Magnus F1" - izithelo zasemkhatsini zakuqala zesimo esiphezulu semibala ebomvu ebomvu futhi sinesisindo esingama-160 g. Esetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa kanye nama-saladi.
- "UHlynovsky F1" - Isihlahla esikhulu esinezihlahla ezinamanzi amajikijolo abomvu, efinyelela ku-220 g
- "I-Baron F1" - i-hybrid yokuvuthwa kokuqala, enezithelo ezibomvu ezithele phansi kuze kube ngu-140 g nge ukunambitheka okumangalisayo.
- "U-Gunin F1" - ibanga elivuthiwe lokunikeza amajikijolo abomvu kakhulu anesisindo esingaba ngu-120 g
- "Umcibisholo Olubomvu F1" - i-hybrid yamacembe omnene, i-shading ebekezelelwe kahle. Izithelo zakuqala ezilingana no-120 g ezingenakuhamba kahle ngokuhamba.
Uyazi? Umphakathi wezwe unenani elikhulu lezingxabano ngokuchazwa kwetamatisi. I-Botany ibahlukanisa njengamajikijolo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yanquma ngo-1893 ukuba ibabize imifino, futhi ngo-2001 i-European Union yanquma ukuhlukanisa utamatisi njengezithelo.
Ukunquma (ehlathini) utamatisi
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zakuqala eziletha isivuno esihle. Abameli abathandwa kakhulu bezinhlobo zezilwane:
- "Dubko" - ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukumelana nokulimala okuphelile, ukunikeza izithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngomunandi omnandi othakazelisayo.
- "U-honey cream" - ihluke esikhathini sokugcina. Izithelo zisesimo se-plums, zinambitheka kakhulu, zilungele ukulondolozwa.
- "Sanka" - hybrid ultra zakuqala nge ezihlabayo ezincane ukufinyelela ukuphakama 40 cm kuphela. Izithelo kukhona nxazonke, obomvu obomvu.
- "Bagheera F1" - i-hybrid yokuqala ne amajikijolo amakhulu kuya ku-220 g. It isetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukucubungula. Ukuhamba kahle okubekezelelwe kahle.
- "Rio Grande" - okukhiqiza kakhulu, okuyi-shrub ebanzi, kuze kufike ku-60 cm ephezulu, ngisho nezithelo ezincane zokuma. Kufanelekile ukukhansela, futhi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucubungula.
