I-Pteris fern isitshalo esinqumayo esivela emndenini omkhulu wePterisov. Kuvamile ezifundeni ezishisayo nezishubile emhlabeni jikelele, ezitholakala eJapan, e-USA, e-Afrika naseNew Zealand. Igama lesitshalo lihumusha ngokuthi "iphiko." Ama-botanists amaningi abona ukufana phakathi kwamahlamvu nezimpiko zezinyoni. Izimbali ziyajabula ukuthola lezi zitshalo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, ezibuye zinganciphisi ukunakekelwa.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IPteris isitshalo esinezimbali ezinwabuzelayo, ezinwabuzelayo. Egobolondeni lezimpande ezithambile kukhona izinwele ezimfushane ezinsundu. Isitshalo sinesiqu esingaphansi komhlaba, esingathathwa njengokuqhubeka kwempande. Amaqabunga aboniswa ngokuqondile emhlabathini. Emvelweni wemvelo, isihlahla singafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2,5. Izitholakala ezinwabuzelayo ziyatholakala, zitholakala zibheke emadwaleni nasezintweni zamatshe.
Lesi sitshalo sakha imichilo eminyene yezimila eziluhlaza. Amaqabunga alahliwe ane-feathery noma i-tabular shape. Zitholakala kuma-petioles amade, aminyene. Amapuleti amaqabunga apendwe aluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinemibala yamahlamvu ahlukahlukene. Amahlamvu athambile, anesikhumba. Ama-Soruses abekwe ngemuva kweshidi futhi anendlela yomugqa oqhubekayo osenqenqemeni.
Izinhlobo ze-pteris
Umndeni we-pteris mkhulu kakhulu, cishe zingama-250 izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, kukhona nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa. Esithombeni, i-pteris ihluke kakhulu, okuvumela abalimi ukudala ukwakheka kwama-fern amaningi.
Pteris longifolia. Amahlamvu aluhlaza atholakala endaweni ethile ekhanyayo ekhanyayo. Imbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-beige neorenji. Ubude bamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama bube ngama-40-50 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-8-25 cm. I-petiole ende ye-scaly imbozwe ngamaqabunga amancanyana futhi amade anendawo ecwebezelayo.
UPteris uyathuthumela. Isitshalo sihlahla esikhulu esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo. Ama-petioles amahle aqinile futhi aphuka kalula. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha ngokuluhlaza okuluhlaza.
UPteris Cretan. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile ezinesakhiwo seqabunga esingavamile. Kuma-beige petioles afika ku-30 cm ubude, kukhona amaqabunga amakhulu ama-lanceolate. Ubude bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-15-50. Ipuleti lamaqabunga ngombala oluhlaza okotshani linemiphetho emincane ye-wavy. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Albo-lineata - eceleni kwethango eliphakathi leqabunga imicu ebanzi yensimbi;
- I-Rivertoniana - amaqabunga ahlelwe ngaphezulu kwe-petiole ngesimo senkanyezi enamakhomba amahlanu;
- I-Whimsettii - isitshalo siqukethe amaqabunga aluhlaza amaningi avulekile.
Pteris xiphoid. Kulesi zinhlobo, amaqabunga ahlukaniswe abe oyinyumba (i-drooping futhi ebanzi) futhi evundile (iqondile, iqonde emgqeni). I-sporangia ende itholakala emaphethelweni ngaphansi kweqabunga. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- IVictoriae - umucu omfishane omhlophe utholakala enkabeni yeqabunga eliyinyumba;
- I -evergemiensis - imiphetho yamaqabunga idonswa mhlophe.
UPteris uhlukene phakathi. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amaningi aluhlaza amnyama kakhulu. I-petiole icishe ibe ngu-30 cm.Isihlanu amaqabunga ama-lanceolate amancane afinyelela ku-45 cm atholakala ekugcineni kwawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zokulinywa kwangaphakathi:
- I-Variegata - engxenyeni engenhla kweqabunga ngalinye umucu omhlophe ophindwe kabili;
- I-Cristata - iqabunga ngalinye engxenyeni engenhla libanzi ne-ikamo;
- ITenuifolia - umugqa ompunga udonswa enkabeni yamaqabunga.
I-Pteris iyitheyipu. Lesi sitshalo sakha ihlumela elide futhi elihlwabusayo. I-Wii 70-100 cm ubude inesimo se-drooping. Amaqabunga amade aqhekekile kuCirrus ahlelwe ngokuhlukile futhi apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani.
Igiya likaPteris. Isitshalo esiluhlaza esikhanyayo sakhiwe ngama-cirrus, amaqabunga asongwe. Ubude beqabunga buyi-30-80 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-20-40 cm. Amacembe ahambisana ne-petiole. UFern ukhula ngokushesha futhi uhlobisa kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-pteris kwenziwa ngokutshala ama-spores noma ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Ukuze izilimo zisebenzise imbiza ebanzi nefulethi enengxube yesihlabathi ne-peat. Inhlabathi inomswakama, izinhlamvu zibekwa ngaphezulu bese zimboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Kuze kube kuvela amahlumela, okuluhlaza okotshani kugcinwa egumbini elimnyama lokushisa lomoya lika + 15 ... +20 ° C. Lapho izinhlamvu zikhula, zidluliselwa ekukhanyisweni. Faka umoya bese ufafaza izithombo nsuku zonke. Izindawo ezincanyana zincane ngaphandle futhi zishiya amafonti anamandla. Ama-pteris asekhulile adluliselwa kumabhodwe amancane ahlukene nomhlaba ngamafern amadala.
Lapho udlulisa isihlahla esidala, ungahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Kubalulekile ukunquma iphuzu lokukhula kahle, ngoba kungenzeka kungabi lapho kuphuma khona ne-Wii. Isilayi senziwa ngebhadi elibukhali bese sifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe. U-Delenki watshala emhlabathini ngokushesha ukuze i-rhizome ingome.
Ukufakelwa
Ama-Pteris adinga ukufakelwa okujwayelekile. Ezitshalweni, kukhethwa amabhodwe amancane, ngokulingana ne-rhizome. Isitsha esijulile asidingeki, ngoba izimpande zitholakala ngaphezulu. Lapho utshala, i-rhizome ijule hhayi ngaphezu kwama-7 cm.
Ngokutshala i-fern, ungenza ingxube yenhlabathi elandelayo:
- isihlabathi somfula;
- Peat;
- umhlaba wefudu;
- humus;
- ishidi lomhlaba.
Ungathenga esitolo sendawo eyenziwe ngomumo yeferns. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kumele kungathathi hlangothi noma kube ne-acidic encane. Phansi ebhodweni kufanele kuthulwe amatshe abilayo, ubumba olwandisiwe noma ama-chip wezitini.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-pteris akunzima ngisho nakubatshali abasaqala. Imbiza ene-fern ibekwa emthunzini oyingxenye noma endaweni enomthunzi. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Isitshalo sibekwa ngemuva kwegumbi noma kumafasitela asempumalanga nasentshonalanga.
Ukushisa komoya kwe-pteris kufanele kube njalo unyaka wonke futhi kufanele kube kuhla kusuka ku-17 ... +20 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kunconywa ukufafaza amahlumela nsuku zonke. Ebusika, kuvunyelwe ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kufika ku-14 ... +15 ° C.
I-Pteris iniselwa njalo futhi kaningi. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama kancane, kepha ukuzimuka kwamanzi akwamukeleki. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kufanele kushiye imbiza ngokukhululeka. Iphallet nayo kufanele idakwe njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela izimpande ekukhuleni kokubola.
UFern udinga umswakama ophezulu. Ekamelweni elomile, imiphetho yamaqabunga iqala ukoma. Amaqabunga afafazwa njalo ngamanzi axazululiwe, athambile. Ukubeka izitshalo eduzane nase-aquariums kanye nemithombo kuyamukelekile. Amaqabunga aqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kweseshini elibuthakathaka elifudumele ukuze asuse uthuli.
Ehlobo, kunconywa ukondla ama-pteris ngezixaka ezikhethekile zama-ferns. Kabili ngenyanga, isigamu somanyolo sinconywe emiyalweni sengezelelwa emanzini okunisela.
Lapho amahlamvu womisa, usikwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amaqabunga agcina ukukhanga kwawo isikhathi eside futhi izihlahla akuvamile kakhulu. Ama-petioles owomile anqunywa phansi uqobo. Kuyinto elula ukwenza inqubo lapho ukufakelwa, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
I-Pteris ayithambekele ezifweni ezijwayelekile. Izinkinga eziningi zibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Ubunzima obuvame kakhulu bume kanje:
- amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile - umoya omile kakhulu noma ukuthambisa okunganele;
- amaqabunga aguquka abe sobala - isibani selanga;
- amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu, aphelelwe amandla noma aqine - ikamelo libandayo kakhulu, ukuba khona kokusalungiswa.
U-Pteris uvame ukuhlaselwa ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezilinganayo kanye nokujiya. Uma izinambuzane zitholakala, phatha amaqabunga kanye nengaphezulu lomhlabathi ngesinambuzane. Ukwelashwa kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 ukuqeda izizukulwane ezintsha zezinambuzane.
