I-watermelon isiko le-melon eliyintandokazi labalimi abaningi, elinikeza ukunambitheka kwehlobo. Uyakwazi ukukhulisa umlimi we-novice. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu akwanele ukulungiselela indawo nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele ezitshalweni ngemuva kokutshala: kuyadingeka futhi ukukhetha kahle nokulungisa imbewu yokuhlwanyela.
Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwesakhiwo nenhlabathi yokutshala amakhabe
Ukukhulisa ikhabe emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukunakekela ukukhetha indawo okufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhanyiswa kahle;
- vikela emiphumeleni yomoya;
- nikeza izitshalo ngokudla okudingekayo.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinto, udinga ukubheka ukuthi isigaba se-ikhabe kufanele sithole isibani esanele sokukhanya phakathi nosuku, shushu kahle futhi sinikeze umoya. Kungcono uma ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa kusengaphambili: ukuhlwanyela umbhede wesikhathi esizayo ngomquba oluhlaza, ukwenza umanyolo ofanele.
Isakhiwo sokulala embhedeni wesikhathi esizayo kufanele sikhanyiswe kahle, singene umoya, sivundiswe kahle
ISiderata - izitshalo ezitshalwe ngenhloso yokufakwa kwazo enhlabathini, ezivumela ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwazo, ziyicebise nge-nitrogen futhi zivikele ukukhula kokhula.
Iphuzu elibalulekile isiko langaphambilini, i.e., elikhuliswe esizeni ngaphambi kwekhanda. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-anyanisi, ugarlic, izaqathe kanye neklabishi yakuqala, kanye namazambane notamatisi. Ama-gourds (ikhabe, i-zucchini, u-squash, ithanga, ikhabe) akufanele atshalwe njalo endaweni efanayo, njengoba amagciwane athela enhlabathini.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amakhabe nezinye amakhabe kudinga inhlabathi ekhanyayo, evulekile nevundile. Inketho efaneleke kakhulu uma umhlaba uzoba nenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma isihlabathi esiminyene, kuthi kuzokwethulwa umanyolo womanyolo (i-humus, umquba) wokumba ekwindla. Izinto eziphilayo zinikela ngesilinganiso samabhakede angama-2,5 ngemitha eyodwa yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ku-acidity yenhlabathi: kumakhabe, kufanele kube kuhlu lwe-pH 6-7.
IHumus ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu we-organic wokulungiselela uzungu lokutshala ikhabe
Entwasahlobo, umbhede we-watermelon nawo kufanelekile ukufakwa kumanyolo wamaminerali wokumba. Nge-1 m² uzodinga:
- I-24-35 g ye-ammonium sulfate;
- 40-45 g we-superphosphate;
- 15-25 g wamanyolo we-potash.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezinamaminerali kanye ne-organic kungakhuphula umkhiqizo wekhabe.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-watermelon yokutshala
Kwabahlakuleli abanolwazi akuyona imfihlo ukuthi iqhaza elibalulekile ekutholeni izithombo ezinhle nezinobungane lidlalwa ngokulungiswa kwekhwalithi yembewu yokuhlwanyelwa. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu futhi iqukethe izigaba eziningana okufanele zenziwe ngokulandelana okuthile.
Ukukhetha kweBanga
Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe zokutshala endaweni yakho engadini kufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Uma ungenakho okuhlangenwe nakho okwenele kokutshala kwalolu hlobo ikhabe, kungcono ukunikela ngokuthanda izinhlobo ezi-hybrid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bakhonjiswa ngezici zekhwalithi ezingcono uma kuqhathaniswa namakhabeji angama-varietal. Ama-hybrids abonakala ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo, ukumelana kwezifo eziningi kanye nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Lapho uhlela ukukhulisa ikhabe kusayithi lakho, kufanele usondele ngokucophelela ekukhetheni kwezinhlobonhlobo
Linganisa imbewu
Uma uqala ukubheka, ukulinganisa imbewu kungahle kubonakale njengenqubo ebalulekile. Uma sihlola ngemininingwane eminingi, khona-ke ukuhluma kwezimbewu nokukhula okulandelayo kwezitshalo ezisencane kuzoncika ngqo kuyo. Konke kulula impela: izithombo ezinamandla nezinempilo zikhula kangcono, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele izithombo ezibuthakathaka. Lapho uhlukanisa (ngokulinganisa) imbewu ngosayizi, izithombo ziyoba ezokuchuma futhi zibe ziningi.
Ukulinganiswa kwembewu kufaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa ngobukhulu, okuvumela izithombo ezinobungane futhi eziningi
Ukushisa imbewu
Inqubo efana nokushisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze izinqubo ze-biochemical ezintweni zokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu esitsheni esinosayizi ofanele futhi uyigcwalise ngamanzi ngokushisa okungaba ngu- + 50 ° C. Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora, amanzi angakhishwa.
Ekhipha ukwelashwa
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-watermelon kuhlanganisa ukubulala kwabo magciwane, i.e., ukubulala amagciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, abalimi nabalimi basebenzisa manganese ngalezi zinhloso, lapho kulungiselelwe khona i-potanganum permanganate (isixazululo sokuhlushwa okuphansi). Ukuze ulungiselele into, kufakwa i-manganese encane esitsheni esincane esigcwala amanzi. Ngemuva kokuvusa isixazululo, imbewu ifakwa imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-20, bese ihlanzwa ngamanzi.
Isibulala magciwane sinciphisa amathuba okuba izitshalo ezincane zingenwe yizifo noma zilinyazwe yizilokazane.
Ukucubungula imbewu ye-watermelon ku-potanganum permanganate kuvumela ukubulala amagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikele izinto zokutshala emiphumeleni emibi yama-microorganisms
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Ngemuva kokuba zonke izinqubo ezedlule seziqediwe, ungaqala ukumila ukhula wembewu. Ukuqala, kunconywa ukuthi imbewu ye-watermelon igcinwe amahora angama-12 kwikhambi lezakhi zomzimba: lokhu kwenzelwa ukugcwala imbewu nge-microelements, okuzoqinisekisa ukukhula okusebenzayo nokusheshisa ukuhluma. Namuhla, izidakamizwa eziningi zalolu hlobo zinikezwa, ngokwesibonelo, iKornevin, Zircon, Heteroauxin.
Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ifakwe ku-isivuseleli sokukhula, akufanelekile ukuyifaka ngamanzi nganoma isiphi isimo: ukumiswa nje elangeni kwanele.
Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu ikhabe kusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, futhi ukwelashwa ekukhuleni kugcwala imbewu nge-microelements
Ngaphambi kokufaka imbewu ye-watermelon yokuthambisa ikhasi ikhasi eliminyene, lithululelwa ngamanzi ashisayo imizuzu eyi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukwenza isikhwama se-gauze, usongele lokho okuqukethwe ezingxenyeni eziningana, bese ubeka imbewu kuyo ibanga elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Isikhwama sezinto zokutshala sifakwa endishini noma epuletini elingashoni, ngemuva kokujulisa i-gauze, kuyilapho imbewu ayidingi kuthululelwa ngamanzi - kufanele "iphefumule". Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha sibekwa endaweni efudumele (cishe + 25 ° C) futhi umswakama we-gauze ubhekwe ngezikhathi ezithile: uyanyiswa njengoba kudingeka.
Ukwakha izimo ezinethe xaxa zembewu, isitsha singambozwa ngebhodlela leplastiki elisikiwe, ifilimu noma ingilazi, ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwazi ukugcina umswakama isikhathi eside. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imbewu ye-watermelon ayikhuli ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela okuqala angabonakala okungenani ngesonto elizayo (kuya ngembewu yezinhlobo ezithile, ikhwalithi yazo kanye nemibandela edaliwe). Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa i-microclimate efanelekile, kuzokwazi ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwezithelo zembewu futhi kusisondeze nesikhathi sokufika kwayo enhlabathini. Uma imbewu ingafakelwa ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke awukwazi ukubala ukuvela okusheshayo kwezithombo. Kwi-Middle Strip kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, inqubo yokufuthwa nokuhluma iyadingeka.
Ividiyo: Ukuhluma kwembewu yekhabe
Izinsuku zokutshala imbewu yekhabe emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala ikhabe kuvame impela ngendlela yembewu. Isikhathi sokutshala izilimo kuya ngesimo sezulu nesikhathi lapho kuhlelwa khona ukuthola isivuno. Uma intwasahlobo isifikile ekuseni futhi isimo sezulu sifudumele, ungaqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJuni. Uma ukulinganiselwa kokushisa kubambezelekile, izinsuku zokuhlwanyela ziguqulwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Lapho ufika ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungaqala ukusebenza kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli, ngenkathi uthatha isimo sezulu. Ngokwamaphakathi aphakathi nendawo, ikhabe lihlwanyelwa ngembewu emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela uma sekusungulwe isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukunquma isikhathi sokutshala imbewu, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekushiseni komoya. Isikhombi sokushisa esilinganiselwe sokuqhamuka kwezithombo sithathwa njenge- + 15 ° C. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esingalindeleki, abalimi bakhetha amakhabe akhula ezitshalweni. Imbewu kuleli cala ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli, futhi izithombo ezivuthiwe zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukuhluma kwembewu - isikhathi nokuqinisekiswa
Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle. Isikhombi sekhwalithi yembewu ye-ikhabe kungukuhluma kwazo. Esikhathini esiningi, lapho belungiselela isizini ezayo, abalimi babuyekeza imbewu yezilimo ezahlukahlukene, kuyilapho bethola ukuthi ezinye zazo zingaphezu konyaka ubudala. Yini okufanele yenziwe kuleli cala, ukulahla futhi uthenge okusha noma ingabe kusetshenziselwa ukutshala? Kwanele ukwazi ukuthi ukuhluma kwembewu ye-ikhabe kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eyi-6-8.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunendlela yokuhlola imbewu ye-watermelon ukuthi ihluma, futhi efanelekile kwamanye ama-gourds. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga i-sawdust yokhuni, ethelwa ngaphambilini izikhathi eziningana ngamanzi abilayo (ngefrikhwishini yesigamu sehora). Uzodinga ukulungiselela isitsha, isibonelo, ugqoko noma ibhokisi elincane, eligcwele sawdust eluhlaza. Imbewu ibekwa ngemigqa ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-2-3.Ifuba le-1-1,5 cm lenziwa phakathi kwezimbewu. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ifafazwa nge-sawdust bese igoqwa, bese isitsha sibekwa endaweni efudumele enezinga lokushisa lika-23-27 ° C futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhume amahlumela. Ukuthola amaphesenti wokuhluma, ukubalwa okulula kuyenziwa: uma eziyisithupha kwezingu-10 imbewu zimile, ukuhluma kungama-60%.
Ukutshala okufanele imbewu ye-watermelon
Lapho isimo sezulu sivumela, futhi imbewu yekhabe isebenza ngaphansi kokulungiselela, ungaqala ukuyitshala endaweni evulekile.
Ukutshala kude kangakanani
Njengoba ikhabe liyisitshalo esivuna kakhulu, kudingeka isikhala esanele ukuze sikhule. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sizozizwa sikhululekile futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile. Ama-watermelons atshalwe endaweni evulekile ngendlela ethile, ngokusho kwesikimu. Ohlelweni olujwayelekile, olubizwa ngokuthi umugqa wokuqala, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kungamamitha ama-2, kuthi emgqeni 1 m kuhlwanyelwe imbewu engu-5 - 10 emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kokuvela, kuphela amahlumela aqine kakhulu asele, i-1 yisithombo ngemitha ngayinye.
Isikimu esijwayelekile sokutshala ikhabe sifaka ukutshala imbewu ebangeni eli-1 m ngokulandelana kanye nama-2 m phakathi kwezintambo
Ngaphezu kohlelo olujwayelekile, kukhona nesikwele esinezikwele. Kulokhu, ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo ezinotshalwe imbewu kufanele libe ngama-70-280 cm.Umahluko ibanga kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe akhulisiwe. Lapho utshala izinhlobo ezihlangene, igebe phakathi kwemithombo liyancishiswa.
Ngokutshala kwesidleke esikwele esikwelekwele phakathi kwezimbobo, ibanga elingama-70-280 cm lenziwa, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo
Ukuhamba amabanga amade phakathi kokutshala kwamakhabe kuyadingeka ukuthola ilanga elanele. Ngelungiselelo eliseduze, isiko ngeke lithole inani elidingekayo lezakhamzimba.
Ukuhlwanyela
Lapho utshala imbewu yekhabe enhlabathini evulekile, kubalulekile ukubheka ukujula kokutshala. Ubunzulu bokutshala obukhulu bezinhlobo ezinhlanyelwe ezincane ngu-4-6 cm, ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu - kuya ku-6 cm. Uma into yokutshala igxilile ngaphezulu, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi ibambe, okuzothinta isikhathi sokuhluma. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo, inhlabathi futhi ithinta ukujula kokufakwa. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, imbewu ibekwa ngu-7-8 cm, enhlabathini enesihlabathi - 5-7 cm, ezinhlakeni - 4-5 cm. Ezifundeni zasenyakatho ezinenhlabathi esindayo, imbewu akufanele ingcwatshwe ijule ngaphezu kuka-4 cm.
Ukujulwa kokufakwa kwembewu kweWatermelon kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi nezinhlobonhlobo ezithile
Ifilimu kufanelekile
Kungenzeka futhi ukukhulisa amakhabe ngaphansi kwefilimu. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlwanyele ngoMashi bese ngalesosikhathi uthole isivuno. Indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu yenza ukuthi kube nokugcina umswakama ophezulu, oqeda ukungabi bumswakama futhi onomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ngokushesha. Uma usebenzisa ifilimu, umphumela wokugcina ukushisa obukeka uqinisekisa ukukhula kwembewu ngokushesha.
Ecebeni elilungiselelwe kusukela ekuweni, imigqa isikwa ngebanga elingama-70 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona umuntu osebenzisa intaba. Ifilimu yokumboza kufanele yemboze ama-ridges ama-2 ngasikhathi sinye, isb. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bungamamitha ayi-1.5 kufanele abe anele. 2,5 m phakathi kwemigqa, okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwezitshalo. Imigwaqo ilungiselelwe emigqonyeni eyakhiwe ebangeni eli-1 m ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi imbewu iyahlwanyelwa.
Lapho kukhula amakhabe ngaphansi kwefilimu yomgodi, kunconywa ukukwenza ngephethini yokuhlola.
Ukukhulisa amakhabe ngefilimu ephansi kukuvumela ukuthi utshale imbewu ngoMashi futhi uthole isivuno sangaphambilini
Inani lembewu ehlwanyelwe emthonjeni owodwa ingahluka futhi incike ezinhlotsheni ezisetshenzisiwe. Imbewu yezinhlobo ezingabizi ingabekwa ngaphandle kokusanhlamvu okungama-2-3 emgodini ngamunye. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ziyancipha, kusale esinye sezithombo ezikhule kakhulu. Uma kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezibizayo, khona-ke imbewu eyodwa ibekwa emthonjeni ngamunye.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyanyiswa futhi imbozwe ngefilimu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okuqukethwe kuthunyelwa kanye nobude bemibhede, ngokucindezela emhlabathini ukuze kungahanjiswa umoya. Uma isimo sezulu sinamafu, khona-ke amahlumela kufanele avele ngesonto ngemuva kokutshala. Njengoba izithombo maduze ziqala ukuphumula ngokumelene nefilimu, kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe izikejana ezinjengomfanekiso wokukhula kwamahhala kwezitshalo.
Isonto ngemuva kokuvela, ikhabe lizozivumelanisa nemvelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbobo kwifilimu zimbozwa inhlabathi ukuvimba ukhula. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwezithombo ezincane, ihlumela likhishwa ngobunono kwifilimu, libeke phezu kwayo ucezu wepayipi wepulasitiki (ungasebenzisa imbiza), ufafaze ngomhlaba, uyiphambanise kancane, bese ususa ukuvikelwa. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, amakhabe abhekwa elungele ukuthuthuka okuthe xaxa.
Ividiyo: amakhabe akhula ngaphansi kwefilimu
Okufanele ukwenze uma imbewu ye-watermelon ingahlumi
Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi babhekana nalesi simo esingesihle lapho imbewu yekhabe ingavuthiwe. Kungaba yini isizathu nokuthi ungasilungisa kanjani isimo? Enye yezinkinga eziphambili kungaba yimbewu esezingeni eliphansi. Uma imbewu ithengwa esitolo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi emaphaketheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagxila emananini, kepha akuhlali kuyinkomba yekhwalithi: ukuhluma okuhle kungaba yinzalo eshibhile futhi ebizayo.
Lapho uthenga imbewu yamakhabe, kufanele kubhekwe kuze kube usuku lokukhiqiza, kanye nokugcina isikhathi eside kokutshala kwakho, hlola ukuthola
Uma usenezinhlamvu zamakhabe ezivela eminyakeni edlule ngaphandle kokupakishwa noma wena ngokwakho waqoqa izinto zokutshala, udinga ukunquma imbewu engakulungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Kulokhu, okusanhlamvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esinamanzi kanti nalawo avele ebusweni - ukutshala akunangqondo.
Izici eziningi zithonya ukuhluma kwembewu:
- degree yokuvuthwa;
- ukuqoqwa kanye nezimo zokumisa;
- izimo zokugcina;
- usuku lokupakisha.
Izici ezifakwe kuhlu zincike, njengomthetho, kumvelisi wembewu. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yalo lonke umcimbi incike ngqo ezimeni ezizokwakhelwa ukuhluma kwazo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi uma imbewu ngokusobala inekhwalithi enhle, futhi umswakama noma izinga lokushisa lingahambisani nezinkomba ezidingekayo, khona-ke impahla kungenzeka nje ingahlumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho betshala imbewu emile endaweni evulekile enomhlaba obandayo, banganciphisa ukukhula noma bafe.
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwama-watermelon amahlumela
Lapho ikhabe likhula emhlabathini ovulekile, izimo ezibalulekile ziwuthukulula kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zinisele.Kunconywa ukumaka izimbobo lapho utshala imbewu, ngokwesibonelo, ngezikhonkwane ukuze imigqa ibonakale lapho kukhululwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamahlamvu amaqabunga nemivimbo, kwenziwa umanyolo wenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-urea (150 g) nenani elifanayo le-superphosphate, kanye nosawoti we-potassium (50 g) nge-10 m². Ukufaka umanyolo kumele kuhambisane nokunisela noma imvula.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okujwayelekile izithombo zamakhabe amancane, ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele nokudingekayo
Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuniseleni lapho kukhula amaqabunga neziqu, ukuqhakaza kanye nokuvela kwamaqanda. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, kunalokho, ukuchelela kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, ngoba umswakama owedlulele uholela ekubukekeni kokuqhekeka ezitsheni kanye nokuwohloka kokunambitheka. Imibhede ye-watermelon iniselwa ngamanzi afudumele kanye ngesonto, kodwa ngobuningi. Ukunakekela amakhabe kuhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukuthola amajikijolo amakhulu futhi amnandi. Kulokhu, akukho zithelo ezingaphezu kwesine ezisele kwesitshalo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezela amahlumela kwenziwa futhi amadevu asuswe.
Ividiyo: ukwakhiwa kwamakhabe enkundleni evulekile
Okubalulekile ukuvikela nokulawula kwezifo nezinambuzane zejwudu. Izinambuzane ezijwayelekile zifaka amahlumela amahlumela, ama-aphid agayezayo, ama-wireworms. Uma kutholakala isinambuzane ngaphambi kokonakalisa isitshalo, ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo emvelo, ngokwesibonelo, iFitoverm. Ngokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, yenza ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anjengoDecis, Aktara, Fufanon. Ngezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-melon, i-anthracnose, i-Powdery, ne-peronosporosis ziyahlukaniswa. Njengokuvimbela, kusetshenziswa i-colloidal isibabule, i-Ordan, iKhom.
Enye yezinambuzane ezijwayelekile zamakhabe ngumbethe ihlumela, izibungu zazo ezilimaza izimpande, imbewu nesiqu sesitshalo
Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kanye nokulungiselela okufanele ukuhlwanyelwa, kuyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle. Kungalesi simo lapho uzokwazi ukugwema ukuchitha isikhathi, ukukhulisa ukuhluma kwembewu futhi uqinisekise ukukhula okusebenzayo nokukhula kwezitshalo.
