Ezingxenyeni zethu, i-broccoli yaqala ukutshala futhi idliwe kungekudala. Kodwa-ke, lo mifino uthola ngokushesha ukuthandwa, okuyinto ewusizo, ukunambitheka nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori.
Ngezinzuzo zalo, ungakwazi ukwengeza ngisho nokulula ekunakekeleni. Ake sibone indlela yokutshala i-broccoli ensimini.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
I-Broccoli isitshalo semifino engumndeni weklabishi, uhlobo lweklabishi engadini. Kubizwa nangokuthi u-asparagusi iklabishi. Isiqu sesitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-60-90 cm. Ekupheleni kwayo, ama-stalks ama-flower akhiwa.
Kuningi izinhlobo zeklabishi. Hlola ezinye zazo: Kohlrabi, Beijing, umbala, Brussels, Savoy, Kale.
Imifino ikhule ukuze isetshenziswe ngabantu - njenge-cauliflower, i-broccoli ekusetshenzisweni kokudla ayikho amaqabunga, kodwa ama-inflorescences angenalutho. Ziqotshwe ama-salads aluhlaza, abilisiwe, athosiwe, ashunwe, afakwe ezifundweni zokuqala, ama-omelets, ama-pie. I-broccoli iyahamba kahle inyama, inhlanzi, amakhowe, neminye imifino.
Uma ukutshala isitshalo semifino akudingekile. Ukumelana nesomiso eside, amazinga okushisa aphansi esifushane, ukumelana nokubandayo. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 nezinhlamvu ze-asparagus iklabishi ziye zahlushwa, phakathi kwazo kukhona ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Sizokutshela ngezinhlobo ezingu-10 ze-broccoli eziphezulu zeqembu eliphakathi.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Tonus". Isikhathi sokuqala, isikhathi sokuguga - izinsuku ezingu-80-90. Ama-inflorescences ayo aphakathi kwabantu. Amakhanda afinyelela ku-200 g. Izinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ama-saladi nokugaya. Akufanelekile ukugcina isikhathi eside. Imifino ibekezelela ngokuphepha ukushisa okukhulu, ukumelana nezifo.
- Ibanga "Fiesta". Uphatha amamaki ngesikhatsi esisheshayo sokukhula - ukuvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-70. Ikhanda lakhiwa elilodwa, elilinganiselwa ku-300 g. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-"Fiesta" ayikhiqizi amagatsha ahlangene. Isakhiwo sinomsoco futhi sinomsoco kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala ze-broccoli zingagcinwa ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili esiqandisini. Uma udla imifino ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, uketshezi kokudla kungenzeka..
- Hlunga "uLinda".I-hybrid evuthiwe yokuqala ukuthi isikhathi sokukhula senza izinsuku ezingu-75-80. Izinhloko zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhulu kakhulu - 350-400 g ngamunye. Ama-inflorescences athambile, okuhle kokusetshenziswa okusha.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "ezidalwa". Phakathi nonyaka, isikhathi sokuguga siyizinsuku ezingu-120. Isikhathi sokufika siphakathi nango-May. Izithelo zinkulu: eziyinhloko zinesisindo esijwayelekile esingu-400-600 g, i-lateral - i-200 g. Ilungele isitoreji sesikhathi eside (cishe inyanga eyodwa) nokukhweza.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "iVyarus". Ikhula masinyane ezinsukwini ezingu-50 kuphela. Isisindo sesisindo esiphakeme singama-300-350 g. Izithelo zinabantu abaningi. Ngemuva kokuhlanza ikhanda eliyinhloko likhule ngamagatsha ayisikhombisa. Kungatshalwa kokubili ehlobo nasekwindla.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Comanche". Ukulungele ukudla izinyanga ezintathu emva kokutshala. Ubukhulu bezinhloko bukhulu - kufika ku-300-350 g. Bahlukaniswa ngokuphakama okukhulu nokuthutha okuhle. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukubandisa nokushisa.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Arcadia F1". I-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe. Ubumba ubungani obujwayelekile bekhanda, ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu. I-hybrid ibonakala ngokuvunwa okuhle nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Monterey F1". I-mid-season hybrid. Ubumba ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu-kufika ku-2 kg, kodwa kuphela okuyinhloko, alinikezi amagatsha ahlangene. Ukumelana kwamaqhwa ama-hybrid.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Calabrese". Ibonisa izinhlobo eziphakathi nonyaka. Yakha i-dense, ikhanda elikhulu-kufika ku-400 g, elungele ukuqhwaza nokuhlanza.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Corvette". I-hybrid enezinga eliphakeme lokuvuthwa yizinyanga ezimbili. Ufake izithelo ezinkulu nezinsindo. Emva kokusika ikhanda eliyinhloko linikeza izinqubo eziningi ze-lateral. Ukuphikisana nezimo zezulu ezimbi. Imifino ingadliwa fresh neqhwa ukusetshenziswa kwasebusika.
Uyazi? I-Broccoli ukudla okungakalungi kwekhalori. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba uchitha amandla amaningi ekumuneni kwawo kunalokho owamukela ngenxa yokuwudla. 100 g iklabishi iqukethe 30 kcal.
Ukukhula kwezithombo ze-broccoli
Ngemuva kokukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-broccoli, udinga ukunakekela ukutshala nokunakekelwa okulungile endle. Imifino etshalwe ngezindlela ezimbili:
- rassadnym;
- bezrassadnym.
Isikhathi esiphezulu
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu ka-broccoli yezithombo yingxenye yokuqala ka-Mashi. Amahlumela kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ezinsukwini ezingama-30-45, okungukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, iklabishi ingavele isetshalwe ngendlela engenambewu. 
Umhlabathi nomthamo wezithombo
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, uzodinga ibhokisi elinokuphakama okungenani ngu-25 cm. Kufanele lihlanganiswe ungqimba lwamanzi. I-substrate yokutshala ilungiswe kusuka kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
- i-turf;
- isihlabathi;
- i-humus;
- umlotha.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-broccoli yezithombo, imbewu kufanele ihlungwe futhi ilahlwe. Amakhulu kunawo wonke akhethiwe ukuhlwanyela. Zibekwa imizuzu engu-15-20 emanzini ashisayo. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, imbewu igonywe emanzini abandayo. 
Ngemuva kwalendlela, imbewu yamahora angu-12 kufanele ifakwe emlonyeni "i-Epin." Bese ugeza ngamanzi, owomile bese uthumela efrijini usuku.
Enye indlela yokulungisa imbewu ukufaka i-potassium permanganate kwisisombululo sehhafu sehora, hlambulula ngamanzi, uphathe ne-Albit, Agat-21, El-1 noma amanye amalungiselelo afana nesenzo.
Uyazi? Kukholelwa ukuthi broccoli akakaze akhule endle. Itholwe ngenxa ye-hybridation. Khuliswe eminyakeni engu-VI-V BC. i-er eMedithera. Emhlabeni wonke, imifino yaqala ukusakazeka ngemva kwamakhulu embalwa kamuva.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi kufanele iphuze kahle. Ukuze uthole imbewu, yenza izimbobo 1-1.5 cm ejulile, ugcine ibanga lika-3 cm phakathi kwazo. Faka imbewu emithonjeni bese ufafaza kancane kancane ngomhlabathi, okwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Izimo zokuhluma
Ekamelweni lapho izithombo zihluma khona, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ngo-20 ° C. Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela okuqala avele, izinga lokushisa liyancipha kuya ku-10 ° С. Khona-ke zihambisana nezimo zokushisa ezinjalo: uma isimo sezulu sishintshile, khona-ke uphawu lokushisa kufanele lube ngo-16 ° С, lapho kungekho ilanga - + 14 ° С. 
Futhi, ukuhluma okuhle nokusheshisa kwezithombo, umswakama ophezulu kuyadingeka - hhayi ngaphansi kwezingu-70% nokujwayelekile, kodwa hhayi ukuchelela okuningi. Inhlabathi kumele ibe njalo enomanzi, kodwa ingabi nezikhukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingabetha lesi sifo blackleg.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Emasontweni amabili ubudala, izithombo zizodinga ukudonsa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinkomishi ezilahla noma izimbiza ze-peat. Le ndlela yokugcina ihamba kahle kakhulu, njengoba i-peat pots, izithombo zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Emva kwenqubo yokukhetha, izithombo kuzodingeka zivikele izinsuku eziningana ukusuka elangeni futhi zigcinwe ekamelweni elinokushisa kuka-21 ° C.
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zihlwanyele, izinga lokushisa kwelanga kufanele lihlehliswe ku-17 ° C, futhi ubusuku bube ngu-9 ° C. 
Izithombo ezinzima
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule sibe namandla futhi sibe nesiguli esiphezulu, amahlumela azodinga ukuba aqine, aqale amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba afike endaweni ehlala njalo. Amahora amaningana ngosuku, izithombo zenziwa emgwaqweni noma kuvulonti evulekile. Nsuku zonke kunzima ukwandisa isikhathi.
Kubalulekile! Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, izithombo zingakhula emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwekhava elingelusiwe kanye nefilimu yeplastiki. Amahlumela angamelana nama-frost kuze kube ku -7 ° C. Izinto ezingezona eziboshwe zizozivikela ekuhlaselweni kwe-floral.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo ezincane kuzodingeka zifakwe endaweni ehlala njalo, ngokubala ngokubala isikhathi nokukhetha indawo.
Isikhathi esiphezulu
Izithombo kufanele zibe nezinsuku ezingu-30-45 ubudala futhi zibe namaqabunga agcwele 4-5, kanye nezimpande ezinhle. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi lapho silungele ukuthuthela endaweni enomphela siqala phakathi no-May. Noma kunjalo, konke kuzoxhomekeka ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Uma isimo sezulu esishisayo singakaqiniseki ngokugcwele, futhi amaqhwa ahlale egcinwa ebusuku, ukuze agweme imiphumela engathandeki, ukutshala amahlumela kufanele kuhlehliswe. 
Ukukhethwa kwendawo: ukukhanyisa, inhlabathi, izibikezelo
I-Broccoli iyayithanda ilanga, ngakho-ke ukufika kwayo kukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe, evikelekile emoyeni.
Kunconywa ukuba unakekele ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kusengaphambili. Ekwindla, i-limestone, umquba, i-nitrate ye-potassium kanye nendaba ephilayo ngendlela yomquba ifakwe endaweni evulekile yokutshala indawo iklabishi ye-broccoli ekhula. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, bese kuthi entwasahlobo, i-humus (ibhakede elilodwa / 1 sq. M), i-superphosphate (2 wezipuni), i-urea (1 ithisipuni) nomlotha (2 izinkomishi) zengezwe emgodini ngamunye wokufika, zixubane nomhlabathi. 
Noma yiliphi iklabishi, futhi i-broccoli ayinjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo enezimbangi ezifanele zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngezifo nezinambuzane. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- isanqante;
- amazambane;
- ukuphawula;
- i-legumes;
- ukhukhamba;
- anyanisi;
- okusanhlamvu.
- iklabishi;
- i-radishes;
- utamatisi;
- i-turnips;
- beet.
Uhlelo oluhle
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ngokungabikho kwelanga ngaphandle - esimweni sezulu esibhakabhaka noma kusihlwa. Uhlelo oluhle lokufika luyi-35x60.
Amahlumela awajulisi okuningi - kuphela ku-leaflet yokuqala, cishe u-1 cm. Ukuchelela okuhle kokutshala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthungatha inhlabathi - lokhu kuzogcina umswakama okudingekayo futhi kuvikele umhlabathi kumkhula.
Ukunakekela i-broccoli endle
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Broccoli kuyoba yendabuko, njengazo zonke izitshalo zemifino. Phakathi kwemisebenzi kufanele kube ukuchelela njalo, ukukhulula, ukuhlanza ukhula, ukukhuphuka kwezintaba, ukufaka umquba kanye nokuvimbela izifo kanye nezifo.
Ukunisela, ukusiphahla nokukhipha
I-asparagusi iklabishi inomswakama-onothando kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuba uwageze okungenani kanye emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, kepha inani elihle lingabe liphuza elilodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa, ukuze ungabhubhisi ukushisa. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele ihliswe kabili ngosuku. Ukuphalaza kuzoba usizo.
Kumele uqiniseke ukuthi ububanzi obungqimba buka-15 cm abukomile. Ukuphuza ngamunye kufanele kwenzeke kanyekanye nokukhishwa kwenhlabathi. Ukukhulula ukujula - 8 cm.
Uma inhlabathi ingahlanganiswa, i-weeding kufanele ifakwe emisebenzini evamile. Ukuqothula ukhula kufanele kube kokubili eduze kwekhanda iklabishi, futhi kuseduze. 
Izihlahla zezintaba
Izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokukhula kwentsha esetshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, i-broccoli kufanele igcinwe. Ukulimala kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokukhulula inhlabathi.
Ukuphakama kwesibili kuyodingeka emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Le nqubo izosiza ukwakha izinqubo eziningi ze-lateral.
Umanyolo
Imfihlo yokuthola isivuno esihle namakhanda amakhulu ahlala ekudleni okuvamile nokufanele.
Cishe amasonto 3-4 emva kokutshala, lapho imifino isivele isungulwe kahle, sekuyisikhathi sokufaka umanyolo wokuqala. Okokuqala kungcono ukutshala ngezindaba eziphilayo. Imfuyo efanelekayo (ingxenye eyodwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) noma umquba wezinkukhu (1:20).
Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa emva kwamasonto amabili. Okwesithathu kwenziwa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ama-inflorescences. Faka isixazululo ku-10 amalitha amanzi superphosphate (40 g), i-sodium ammonium (20 g), i-potassium sulfate (10 g). 
Kulezo zinhlobonhlobo lapho kutholakala khona amahlumela ohlangothini ngemuva kokusika ikhanda eliyinhloko, ukukhula kwawo kungakhuthazwa ngokudla isitshalo nge potassium sulfate (30 g), i-superphosphate (20 g), ne-ammonium nitrate (10 g) encibilike ku-10 l amanzi.
Kuyinto enhle ukuthi uhlale uthuli lesi sitshalo ngenkuni. Le nqubo izoba nemiphumela emibili: iyoba umanyolo futhi izovikela izilokazane.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye iklabishi, i-broccoli inezitha eziningi ezinjengezifo ezinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane.
Isifo esivame kakhulu yi-kela. Ukuzivimbela, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nebanga phakathi kwamahlumela ngesikhathi sokutshala - ukuhlwanyela akufanele kuqiniswe. Udinga ukutshala amazambane, utamatisi, upelepele, i-garlic, ama-eggplant endaweni eseduze.
Izitshalo ezincane zingashaya umlenze omnyama. Ukuze kuzuzwe, baphathwa nge "Fitosporin", "Baktofit" nezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo. 
Futhi, i-broccoli ingaba nomthelela we-downy isikhutha kanye ne-bacteriosis encane. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlaziye amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho isikhumba se-powdery sizosiza ukhuni umlotha, ingxube ye-lime nesulfure, umuthi "I-Topaz".
Ukuze ugweme umonakalo welineni, sebenzisa ukuphalaza izidakamizwa ezinezethusi.
Kulezi zinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke yizikhukhula ezincane, ezikwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele izitshalo ezincane. Ukuze kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwabo, kubalulekile ukumboza indwangu engabanjwanga ingubo engafani. Ungaphinda ufafaze inhlabathi eduze kwe-asparagusi iklabishi ngomlotha, uthuli othuza ugwayi, pepper, ukwesabisa izinambuzane. Ungasebenzisa ama-infusions amanzi kulezi zinambuzane zemvelo. Futhi, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-inflorescences, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukulungiselela "Iskra", "Aktellik", "Foxima". 
I-broccoli ingakwazi ukuhlasela ama-slugs. Ngakho ukuze bangalimazi isitshalo, udinga ukusika i-eggshell bese uyichitha phakathi kwe-plantings.
Ukubukeka kwama-aphid kungavinjelwa ngokupuniza izifo ezinambuzane ezitshalweni, isibonelo, izithombo zamazambane, nomxube we-ash-and-soap. Uma kunqotshwa okukhulu, basebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha "Aktellik" ne "Iskra-bio".
Iklabishi fly iyohamba uma kusetshenzwa nguCorsair, Ambush, Rovikurt.
Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno
Izinyanga ezingu 2-3 emva kokutshala (leligama lincike ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe), iklabishi iklabishi ibeka izinhloko ze-inflorescence. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabo sikhulu kakhulu - ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 kuzodingeka ziqedwe ukuze zingaqhakazi.
Emva kokusika ikhanda eliyinhloko ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izinqubo ezincane zezinhlangothi zizokhula, nazo ezidliwayo. Kungcono ukuqeda ama-inflorescences ekuseni. 
Isikhathi sokugcina se-broccoli sincike ezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo zakuqala azifanelekile ukugcina isikhathi eside. Zingagcinwa izinsuku eziningana ezingu-7-10 esiqandisini.
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni nasekwephuzile eziqoqwe ekwindla zingagcinwa isikhathi eside - cishe izinyanga ezintathu egumbini elingaphansi noma esiqandisini.
Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno ebusika, kuzodingeka ukuthi iqhwa. I-broccoli efriziwe ngeke ilahlekelwe yizimfanelo zayo ezizuzisayo.
Uyazi? I-broccoli iqukethe ubuningi bevithamini C - 89.2 mg nge-100 g, okungu-90% wemfuneko yansuku zonke yomzimba womuntu. Kodwa-ke, lapho ugcina imifino ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi izinsuku eziningana, inani le-ascorbic acid liyingxenye eyodwa.I-broccoli ekhula ilula kakhulu, akukho mzamo okhethekile okudingekayo. Ngokukhetha okunembile kwezinhlobonhlobo, ukuhambisana nezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ezinconywe zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, umkhiqizo onempilo, ohlwabusayo kanye nekhalori ophansi uzoba etafuleni lakho.
