I-Tillandsia iyi-herb yaphakade evela emndenini we-bromeliad. Ngokwemvelo, ingatholakala eMelika (ukusuka eningizimu ye-USA kuya eChile). Uhlobo olunhlobonhlobo nolwehlukahlukahluka lumelelwa yizinhlobo ze-epiphytic nezasemhlabeni. Ama-florists asekhaya akhulisa i-tillandsia exotic futhi emangalisayo njengembali engaphakathi. Akekho ongenamandla okuhamba, kepha uyamangala ngamaqabunga angajwayelekile kanye nama-inflorescence. Kwesinye isikhathi zibukeka njengezimpaphe zezinyoni ezinhle noma ikhanda lejellyfish, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izidalwa ezinganekwane.
Incazelo yezitshalo
ITillandsia ingotshani obhula kancane kancane. Iningi labamele lolu hlobo luhlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni zehlathi lemvula. Ezinye izimbali sezizijwayele nempilo emadwaleni. Onke anesigqi esifushane futhi esithambile, esisebenzela ukulungisa kuphela. Ukudla okuyinhloko kungamahlamvu.
Ukuphakama kwama-tillandsia amadala ngamasentimitha angama-60, 59. Amapuleti amaqabunga aqine anomumo omncane, ogobile. Ebusweni obuluhlaza obumnyama bephepha, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela imivimbo ebomvu nebala. Ubude beshidi buyahluka phakathi kuka-5 no-35 cm, futhi ububanzi bungama-3-12 mm. Lonke ishidi, noma ingxenye engaphezulu yomphezulu walo, limbozwe ngamachashaza amancanyana amunca amanzi nezakhi zomzimba ezivela emoyeni.
NgoSepthemba, i-inflorescence emise okomugqa iqhuma esikhungweni esakhiwe ngamaqabunga esikwatini esiqinile. Amahlumela asithwebekile futhi afihlwe yi-perianths enzima ye-raspberry noma umbala wewolintshi. Zihlelwe ngababili ezinhlangothini ezimbili zesiqu. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza 1 noma 2 ngasikhathi. Amathambo athambile ansundu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afana namabhu, abamba umoya ukuze aphumule esibhakabhakeni esikhanyayo. Ububanzi be-corolla evulekile buyi-20-25 mm. Sekukonke, kuze kube ngama-20 ama-buds aku-inflorescence; ukuqhakaza kwawo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube nguJanuwari.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-rosette iyafa bese i-tillandsia ingena esimweni esishisayo. Ngesizini elandelayo, amahlumela amasha avela kuma-buds akhiwe. Ukukhishwa okukodwa kuhlala iminyaka emi-5. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isitshalo esiphelele sife, izingane zingatholakala kuso. Kunconywa ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngonyaka wokukhula futhi zikhule ngokuzimela.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-tillandsia
Uhlobo lweTillandsia luqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400. Zihlukaniswe ngokwemibandela izitshalo zasemkhathini nezasemhlabeni. I-Tillandsia, i-atmospheric noma i-epiphytic, ine-rhizome encane kakhulu. Amaqabunga akhe ambozwe ngokuphelele esikalini esibonisa ukukhanya, ngakho-ke adwetshwe ngombala grey noma isiliva. Abamele kakhulu baleli qembu yilaba abalandelayo:
- ITillandsia yi-weeviform. Ngokubukeka okuxakile kakhulu, le nhlobo ibizwa nge- "Spanish moss" noma "intshebe endala." Amahlumela amancane avuthiwe akhula aze afike ku-1 m ubude. Zimbozwe amaqabunga acekeceke amancanyana afike kubude obu-5 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1 mm. UCrohn wenza umdwebo oshubile. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngezimbali ezingatheneki ophuzi oluhlaza. Bayikhulisa njengesitshalo se-ampel.
ITillandsia ayifihliwe - I-Tillandsia "inhloko ye-jellyfish." Lesi sitshalo sikhanga ngesimo esingajwayelekile sesisekelo. Amaqabunga awo ahlangana kube ama-bulbu aminyene ayindilinga enendawo ephakeme. Ngalesi sakhiwo, bafana nomzimba wejellyfish noma i-octopus. Amacembe aluhlaza akhula phakathi nendawo. I-inflorescence enjenge-panicle enjenge-spikelets emincane edwetshwe ngamathoni ahlukile aqhakazayo.
I-Tillandsia "ikhanda le-jellyfish" - I-Tillandsia xerography. Izimbali zakha irosette elihlangene. Amapheshana eluhlaza okotshani afinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1-2 cm bese asonta kancane eceleni kwe-eksisi emile. I-peduncle inkulu futhi ithambile. Siqukethe ama-buds apinki aluhlaza aqhakaza ngezimbali ezinsomi noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Tillandsia xerography
I-tillandsia ye-Potted noma eluhlaza ikhule ngendlela yeklasikhi. Bakhetha inhlabathi ekhethekile bayihlanyele ebhodweni. Abamele leli qembu bafaka izitshalo ezilandelayo:
- Tillandsia Anita. Ukubukeka komhlobiso onamacembe kune-rosette eminyene yamaqabunga aluhlaza. Amahlamvu amancane kanye nasemaqabunga amade ambozwe ingxenye ethile kuphela ngezikali. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-inflorescence emfushane ne-obovate yamafomu wombala wepinki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqala phansi, izimbali ezingama-lilac noma ezimpunga ziqhakaza.
Tillandsia Anita - Tillandsia Duer. I-rosette yamaqabunga iqukethe amaqabunga abanzi, aqondile aqondile ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kwi-peduncle emfishane, i-inflorescence ende, enemigqa emibili ngendlela yendlebe. Siqukethe ama-buds apinki noma owolintshi acindezelwe ngokukhululekile ndawonye. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezincane zifihla ngaphansi kwamabhulokhi.
Tillandsia Duer - ITillandsia iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isitshalo esinamacwecwe afinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphakama sinamaqabunga amade ansundu-aluhlaza afana namabele. Iqhakaza ngesikebhe esiyindilinga esibunjiwe, esidwetshwe nge-lilac noma epinki. Izimbali ezimbala onsomi noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyaqhakaza endlebeni.
I-Tillandsia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Tillandsia isakaza ngembewu nangezindlela zezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezingama-Potted kuphela ezingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Entwasahlobo zisatshalaliswa phezu kwesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi peat futhi icindezelwe kancane kuwo. Izitshalo ziyafafazwa futhi zimbozwe ngefilimu. Iziqukathi ezinezithombo zigcinwa egumbini elinokukhanya okulinganiselwe kanye nokushisa komoya + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto ayi-2-3. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3, kuye kwakhiwa amapheshana angempela angama-2-3 kulesi simila, futhi angadluliselwa ebhodweni elihlukile.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-tillandsia zakha izingane. Inqubo enezimpande zayo ezincane ingahlukaniswa futhi itshalwe kabusha. Ubukhulu bayo ngesikhathi se-rooting kufanele bube cishe yingxenye yobukhulu bomama. Ukhula lwenhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza lwenziwa enhlabathini. Izitshalo ze-atmospheric zimiselwe ku-driftwood noma esitsheni esikhethekile. Igcwele i-sphagnum, amalahle ne-peat. I-Tillandsia is engacaciswanga okusakazwa ukusikwa. Kwanele ukuhlukanisa noma iyiphi ihlumela bese uyilungisa. Kuzoqhubeka nokukhula njengesitshalo somama.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
Izitsha ezibanzi nezingajulile zisetshenziselwa ukutshala i-tillandsia, ngoba i-rhizome inosayizi olula kakhulu. Ukudlulela kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isitshalo akudingeki. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ungene esikhundleni sendawo endala. Uma inqwaba yezingane yakhiwa, kudingeka ihlukaniswe futhi idluliselwe emabhodweni ayo. Ama-specmens e-Atmospheric awadingi imbiza nhlobo. Ezitolo zithengiswa ngesigaxa noma ngetshe. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isitshalo esintekenteke.
Inhlabathi ye-tillandsia kufanele ikhishwe kahle futhi ibe yimicu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-substrates ngokusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acidic. Ukuba khona kukalamusi emhlabathini akwamukeleki. Izingxube ezifanele ama-orchid nezitshalo ze-bromeliad. Zingaqanjwa ngokuzimela kwe:
- i-moss sphagnum;
- izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini;
- amalahle ochotshoziwe;
- umhlaba onqumayo;
- izimpande zefern.
Njalo entwasahlobo, ingaphezulu libekwa esikhundleni esisha.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
I-Tillandsia idinga ukuthi i-florist inakekele izilimo ze-bromeliad. Lezi zitshalo azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi azikhumbuli ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi kahle imithetho eyisisekelo kungenzeka.
Isibani Zonke izinhlobo ze-tillandsia zikhulele emthunzini oyingxenye noma ekukhanyeni okuluthayo. Izinhlobo ze-Atmospheric zikhula kangcono emakamelweni amnyama, kanti izinhlobo ezibunjiwe zidinga amakamelo alula. Kunconywe nokuthi lokhu okugcina kuvezwe ukukhanya kwelanga ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ebusika, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-tillandsia eluhlaza kuyadingeka usuku lonke.
Ukushisa ITillandsia idinga ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke ebangeni le-5-8 ° C. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu nsuku zonke kungo + 22 ... + 28 ° C. Izinga lokukhuphukela ku- + 35 ° C futhi lehle laya ku- + 10 ° C livunyelwe. Ehlobo, kufanelekile ukubeka izimbali emgwaqweni, lapho zisondela khona ezimweni zemvelo zokuboshwa. Emgwaqweni, izimbali zifakwa ngaphansi kombhede. Imvula esimweni sezulu esipholile ibanda kakhulu kubo.
Umswakama. Eduze kwezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama womoya ophakeme. Umqhele ufafazwa nsuku zonke ngamanzi ahlanzwe kahle. Izitshalo ze-atmospheric zidinga ukufafazwa okungafika kwezi-3 ngosuku. Lapho kukhanya kakhulu, kudingeka umswakama ophakeme weTillandsia. Ngo-Okthoba-Febhuwari, ukufafaza kwenziwa ekuseni. Kubalulekile futhi ukungena egumbini ngalinye. Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2, izimbali zihlanzwa eshaweni efudumele. Inqubo akufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngaphandle kwalokho izokwenziwa yesikhashana.
Ukunisela. Okubaluleke kakhulu ikhwalithi yamanzi yokunisela. Kufanele kube nemvula noma kuhlanzwe kahle. I-Chlorine, lime kanye nokunye ukungcola kuthinta ukukhula nokubukeka kwesitshalo. IPlaque ingakheka ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Izinhlobo ze-Atmospheric zithambisa inhlabathi kuyaqabukela, kuphela uma sesomile ngokuphelele. Izitshalo ezenziwa Potted ziniselwa kancane, kepha njalo. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Amanzi kufanele athululelwe enkabeni yokuphuma kwamaqabunga. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukucwiliswa ebhodweni elibunjiwe ngamanzi.
Umanyolo. Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-1-2, i-tillandsia iphekelwa ngezakhiwo zamaminerali ama-bromeliads. Isitshalo esinempilo sanele futhi ingxenye yengxenye yomanyolo. Zilethwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi leyo ngxenye yokudla okwenzeka ezimbali ngamaqabunga. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka okungaphezulu akuthelwa emhlabathini kuphela (enkabeni yokuphuma kwamaqabunga), kodwa futhi kufakwa emanzini okufafazwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Ukwephula imibandela yokuboshwa, okuwukuthi ukumanzi nokuthambisa ngokweqile, ukugawulwa kwamaqabunga kungakhula. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, amaqabunga aphathwa ngama-fungicides, kepha amathuba okusindisa lesi sitshalo mancane kakhulu. Izimbali ezithintekile noma iziqakala zazo kufanele zichithwe ngokushesha. ITillandsia ingahlaselwa ukuhlaselwa yizicabucabu, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, ama-aphid kanye nama-mealybugs. Ama-parasites alwa nama-insecticides.
