I-Colchicum isitshalo esibuthakathaka sezimbali kusuka emndenini weColchicum Emvelweni, ikhula eMedithera, eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Yize izimbali ze-colchicum zifana nezingwenya zasentwasahlobo, ziyaqhakaza ekwindla, lapho iningi lezakhamizi zasengadini yezimbali selivele libunile. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi abaningi ngokuthula baxazulula lesi sitshalo esingajwayelekile esizeni. Ebantwini itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "colchicum", "autumn crocus" noma "ekwindla". Imbali ikhula cishe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, noma kunjalo, ezinye izici zokuqukethwe kufanele zisafundwe.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Colchicum isitshalo esihlala anyanisi. Ukuphakama kwezimila kungamasentimitha angama-5 ukuya kwengama-20. Ingxenye yomhlaba ivuselelwa minyaka yonke, iqukethe amahlumela otshani obabayo. Isibani esingenamakhanda sine-ayisikhilimu, ecishe ibe mhlophe, umgogodla futhi simbozwe ngesikali esimnyama. Ubude bawo buyi-3-5 cm. Amaqabunga amade amancane efomu le-lanceolate avela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile bese zakha irosette obukhulu. Ubude benkamba yeqabunga ebushelelezi buyi-20-30 cm.Ibhokisi lembewu liyavela enkabeni yalo. Imbewu enombala obomvu yakheka kusuka kuma-ovari ngonyaka owedlule. Avuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngemuva kwalokho ibhokisi liyavuleka bese imbewu ithwalwa ngumoya.
Ukuqhakaza kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-colchicum kuqala ngoSepthemba. Ngisho nesithwathwa noma iqhwa elingalindelekile ngeke sibe yilowo mqobo. Ibhalbhu elilodwa ngesizini lingakhiqiza izimbali eziningana. Ama-peduncle afakiwe angenamakhaza akhula ngokuqondile emhlabathini. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nembali kufinyelela ku-25 cm. Ngaphezu kwesigamu ukuphakama kuhlala khona i-corolla esesimweni sengilazi. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinamakha ziqukethe amacembe e-lanceolate noma ama-ovoid. Umbala wezimbali ungaba mhlophe qhwa, ukhilimu, opinki, onsomi noma onsomi. Kunezinhlobo ezinama-corollas alula kanye ne-terry corollas. Izimbali zihlala cishe amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho isitshalo soma ngokuphelele.
Ikhalenda lomjikelezo wempilo
I-Colchicum inamathela emijikelezweni yokuphila engajwayelekile kakhulu. Zibekwe yizimo zemvelo zezindawo zomdabu zezimbali. Izitshalo ezingaguquguqula impilo yazo kumjikelezo wemvelo zibizwa nge- "ephemeroids." Ubusika obubandayo nobomile, kanye nokushisa okukhulu kwehlobo, akumukeli ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela otshani.
Nge-thaw entwasahlobo, i-colchicum ivuka futhi ikhiphe amahlumela aluhlaza ngamahlamvu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuvela izithelo lapho imbewu ivuthwa. Le nkathi ibizwa ngokuthi imifino. Ingxenye eluhlaza ibandakanyeka ku-photosynthesis futhi igcwalisa isibani ngezakhi zonyaka olandelayo. Kusekuqaleni kukaJuni, konke kuqhuma futhi isikhathi sokuphumula siqala.
Ukuvuswa kabusha kwenzeka ngoSepthemba. Kungazelelwe, kuphuma izimbali ezinkulu ezinephunga elimnandi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile. Bachubeka emavikini langu-2-3. Ukukhula okusha kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kokudla ku-bulb. Ngaphakathi isibani kukhona i-ovary, ezovikelwa ngokuphephile ebusika bonke. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-colchicum ilala futhi kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo zeColchicum
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-90 zohlobo lwe-colchicum ezibhalisiwe. Nokho, ezinye zazo kuphela ezisetshenziswa emasikweni. Uhlu luhambisana nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa kanye nzalo.
I-Colchicum ukwindla. Ukuphakama kwezihlumela ze-herbaceous kufinyelela ku-40 cm. Amaqabunga angama-oval asontekile adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Banokukhanya okukhanyayo ebusweni. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izimbali ezinkulu zombala omhlophe noma opinki ziqala ukuvela. Ububanzi babo bufika ku-7 cm nokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- I-Roseum plemum - ngezimbali ezingama-pink terry;
- Okumhlophe - kukhiqiza imibala engaba ngu-6 yomuntu ngamunye ngezinsimbi ezimhlophe qhwa kanye nomongo ophuzi;
- I-Terry - imbali, ephakeme ngo-12 cm no-5 cm ububanzi, iqukethe imigqa eminingana yamaphara ansomi onsomi;
- Inkambu yeBacons - enezimbali ezinkulu ezi-pink-purple.
IColchicum inhle kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, kuvela isiqu kuze kube yi-50 cm ubude kusuka emhlabathini.sembozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu aphambili. Ipuleti lamaqabunga elinezinhlangothi ze-wavy likhula ngobude obungu-30-35 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye, ububanzi baso bungama-6 cm. Amaqabunga ayoma ngoJuni, kanti izimbali ezinkulu kakhulu ze-lilac noma ezipinki ziyavela ngoSepthemba. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Huxley - izimbali ezincane zipendiwe ngamathoni apinki naw onsomi, kodwa kancane kancane ziba nsomi;
- UNdunankulu - uqhakaza ekwindla sekwephuzile ngezimbali ezigqamile onsomi;
- I-lily yamanzi - izimbali ezi-pink ezi-terry ezigqamile.
IColchicum ijabule. Ngo-Mashi, amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza omhlanga akhula kusuka kunhlamvu omnyama obumnyama. Maphakathi ne-rosette yamaqabunga kunebhokisi lembewu elenziwe ngeqanda elinamalaphu amathathu okuvula. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha ama-2. NgoSepthemba, izimbali ezinkulu ezinsomi noma eziyipinki ezinkulu ezi-1-3 zivela kunhlamvu. Ukuphakama kwe-whisk cishe ku-4 cm.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Colchicum isatshalaliswa imbewu, ama-bulbs endodakazi kanye ne-corm division. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kufanele kuphela ezinhlotsheni ze-colchicum, njengoba izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene zingalondoloziwe. Akunakwenzeka ukulinda imbewu evela ezinhlotsheni ze-terry nhlobo. Amabhola wembewu avuthiwe aqala ukuba mnyama. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kudalulwe, zisikwa futhi zomiswe ngaphansi kombhede. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli imbewu ibe mnyama ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho izomila iminyaka emithathu kuphela.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ekwindla. Sebenzisa inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo ngokufakwa komhlaba oqabulayo, i-peat nesihlabathi. Isitsha esinezinhlamvu sigcinwa ekushiseni okungu-0 ... + 12 ° C. Emavikini ambalwa, izimpande zizokhula, bese kuvela amahlumela emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amaqabunga ezithombo azokwakha njalo entwasahlobo, kepha izimbali zizovela kuphela emva kweminyaka engu-6-7. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili i-colchicum encane ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Banakekelwa sengathi bayizitshalo ezivuthiwe.
Njalo ngonyaka, ama-colchicum thickets aba denser ngenxa yamabhuleki endodakazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziningi kakhulu kuzo kangangokuba izimbali ziyaphela noma ziphele ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, okungenani iminyaka engama-5-6, i-colchicum kufanele itshalwe kabusha, ihlukanise ingxenye yamabhuleki endodakazi. Amapulangwe atholakala ekujuleni kwama-30-35 cm. Maphakathi noJulayi akhunjulwa ngokucophelela kanti inqwaba yodaka lobumba nezinsalela zezinhlamvu ezindala ziyasuswa. Isikali asikwazi ukonakala. Imishiza ehlanzwa bese ifakwa ku-potassium permanganate yomile emoyeni. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ama atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma uqinisa ngokutshala, izimbali zizoqala ukubonakala egumbini.
Isibani se-colchicum esihle kakhulu sakha amahlumela amaningana. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula ehlobo, kungumbiwa bese kusikwa izingxenye eziningi. Ingxenye ngayinye kumele ibe nokuphunyuka kwayo. U-Delenki wacwilisa amalahle ochotshoziwe futhi womile emoyeni omusha emthunzini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, u-anyanisi osikiwe utshalwe emhlabathini kuze kube ngu-12-18 cm.
Ukuphoqa I-Bulb
Umtshali onolwazi angaphatha imijikelezo yempilo ye-colchicum futhi afinyelele izimbali ngesikhathi esifanele. Kungasetshenziswa u-anyanisi omkhulu kuphela, osuvuthiwe ngale njongo. Zimbiwa ngemuva kwenkathi yezitshalo, zomiswe ngokucophelela bese zigcinwa esiqandisini. Inyanga ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama atshalwe kumabhodwe anenhlabathi yezithako futhi athelwe ngokucophelela. Kuyadingeka ukuqukatha izitshalo endaweni epholile (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C), emthunzini oyingxenye. Ngokuqala kwamahlumela, amabhodwe adluliselwa egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyiswe kahle. Ukuqhakaza izimbali ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimbali zizothatha ezinye.
Lapho wonke ama-buds esebunile, ama-bulbs athathwa ayiswa kuvulandi opholile noma ambiwe engadini ngesiqukathi. Entwasahlobo, zivuka ziqhakaze amaqabunga aqhakazile. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa okunjalo, izitshalo azishabalali, njengakwamanye ama-bulbs. Baqhubeka nokukhula ngejubane elijwayelekile.
Isikhathi nendawo yokuhlala
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala nokufakelwa i-colchicum ngu-Agasti. I-bulb kule nkathi iqukethe izakhi ezanele futhi isephumule. I-Colchicum ayiveli ndawo lapho ifike khona. Kungaba indawo evulekile yelanga noma umthunzi olinganiselwe okhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukuwutshala ngaphansi kwezihlahla ngomqhele omnyama. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwezitshalo akudlali indima, kepha ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezindaweni ezinomswakama eziningi ama-slugs angaphila.
Izimbali zikhula kahle emhlabathini ovulekile, ovundile, kodwa futhi ungazijwayeza neminye inhlabathi. Ngisho nokuthwala kanzima akuyona inkinga kubona. I-Acidity nayo ingaba yiphi. Ukuphela kwento i-colchicum engayibekezeleli yindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, enamaxhaphozi. Ama bulamu aphakathi namancani atshalwa ekujuleni kwama-8-12 cm, kanti ezinkulu zizingcwatshwa ngamasentimitha angama-20-25. Amaphethelo eshubhu elicashile elivela ku-bulb kufanele abheke phezulu. Njengoba isihlahla sihlala sikhula kububanzi, ibanga phakathi kokutshala kufanele lisuke ku-20 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuboshwa imidwebo emikhulu futhi kufohlwe. I-Mullein ne-superphosphate kunconywa. Uma kunokwenzeka, umhlaba osindayo uxutshwe ne-sawdust ne-peat.
Imithetho yokunakekela izitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kwe-colchicum kulula kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba, futhi izinkathi zaso zomsebenzi sivele sihambisana nezimo ezithandekayo zemvelo. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi igcwele umswakama ovela eqhweni elincibilikayo. Ukunisela i-colchicum akudingekile. Noma kunjalo, kunconywa ukulawula izinga lomswakama enhlabathini. Lapho izikhukhula, kwenziwa imifantu ukudonsa amanzi bese iqhwa elisele liyasuswa. Uma isimo sezulu esomile siqala ukubonakala kwezimbali, kuyadingeka ukunisela i-colchicum ngenani elincane lamanzi.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, ukhula kufanele lukhule ngezikhathi ezithile ukhula lususwe. NgoJuni, amaqabunga okomisa asikwa ukuze ingadi yezimbali ibukeke. Inqubo efanayo iphindwa ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqediwe. Ngaphambi kokuthena, ihlumela kumele libe nesikhathi sokufiphala.
Ekwindla, umquba namaqabunga awileyo asatshalaliswa endaweni yokutshala. Basebenza njengesiphephelo esanele ebusika. Ezimweni sezulu ezifudumele, i-colchicum ibekezelela iqhwa ngokujwayelekile ngisho nalapho kungekho qhwa.
Ngokukhukhula komhlabathi okuhlala kwenzeka, izitshalo zithinteka ngokubola okungwevu. Ukubonakaliswa okuncane kungasuswa ekwelapheni nge-fungicide ("Topaz", "Kuproksat", "Champion"). Amahlamvu namaqabunga amnandi anjengeminenke kanye nama-slugs. Ama-insecticides empeleni awasebenzi kuwo. Abalimi bakha izithiyo ezisebenza ngomshini zezimuncagazi, zisabalalisa ama-egghells kanye nomlotha ochotshoziwe.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Ama-bulbs nembewu ye-colchicum aqukethe i-alkaloids, ushukela, ama-flavonoid kanye namafutha abalulekile. Amalungiselelo avela kubo asetshenziswa emithini yesintu nemithi yendabuko njengama-painkillers, ama-diuretics, ama-laxatives nama-emetics. Ama-alkaloids asiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi asize ukuvikela ukukhula kwezimila ezinomdlavuza.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinoshevu kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-overdose, ubuthi obunamandla kungenzeka, futhi ukuthola ujusi omusha esikhunjeni kubangela ukushiswa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-potions kusuka ku-colchicum, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho.
