ISansevieria isitshalo sokuhlobisa amahlamvu herbaceous. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Asparagus. Phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "umsila we-pike", "lily leopard", "ulimi lukasathane" noma "ulimi lukamamezala". Indawo yokuhlala kwe-sansevieria ifinyelela emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nase-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika, e-Indonesia naseNdiya. Amacembe amnyama amnyama ambozwe ngamaphethini amahle kakhulu nokuhlobisa kakhulu. Amathanga eqembu abukeka emuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukutshala amakhophi amaningana ebhodweni elide.
Incazelo yeBotanical
ISansevieria iyi-evergreen stemless perennial. Ikhula ngo-30-120 cm ukuphakama. Phakathi kwabamele kukhona ama-epiphytic kanye ne-global teriments. I-fibrous rhizome icwecwe ngosayizi. Amacembe aminyene emugqa akhula ngokuqondile ezimpandeni. Zitholakala ngokuqondile ngokuqondile noma ziphambuka kancane ukusuka enkabeni.
Zonke izinhlobo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezi-2 eziyinhloko: amaqabunga amade mpo noma amahlamvu amafushane abanzi ku-rosette evumelanayo. Imiphetho yamaqabunga iqinile, futhi ukuphela kuyakhonjwa. Ingaphezulu leshidi limbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene, ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile komswakama. Ipuleti leshidi lipendiwe luhlaza okotshani. Ezinye izinhlobo zinomngcele ophuzi ophuzi noma wesiliva, kanye nephethini ebusweni. Minyaka yonke, kufakwa amashidi amasha angama-2-3 endaweni yokuphuma.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ihlobo, kwavela umugqa omude onezimbali ezincane ezimise okwenkanyezi uqhamuka enkabeni ye-rosette yamaqabunga. Ngokwemvelo, ama-sansevieria aqhakaza unyaka wonke. Ama-buds akha i-racemose inflorescences futhi akhiphe iphunga elimnandi elinamandla, elifana nephunga le-vanilla ne-clove. I-buds ivula kusihlwa, bese ivala ekuseni. Izimbali zihlala cishe amasonto amabili.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, amajikijolo amancane anamanzi anembewu encane avuthiwe. Isici esijabulisayo ukuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-rosette yamaqabunga iyeka ukukhipha amaqabunga amasha.
Izinhlobo zeSansevieria
Sekukonke, cishe zingama-70 izinhlobo ezisezinhlungwini zeSansevieria, kepha cishe eziyishumi zazo zisetshenziselwa ukulima imbali yezimbali zasendlini. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bancamela izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo njengokuhlobisa kakhulu.
ISansevieria inezindlela ezintathu. Uhlobo lokubekezelela isomiso olutholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Afrika. Amaqabunga ayo amile mpo akhula aze afike ku-1 m ukuphakama. Banesimo se-lanceolate. Cishe imivimbo e-brown longitudinal itholakala ngaphezu kwamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobo:
- i-sansevieria hanni - amaqabunga amafushane futhi abanzi akhula ku-rosette ebunjwe nge-vase;
- IHanni Gold - imivimbo engafani yemibala yegolide iyabonakala ezingxenyeni ezimfushane zephepha;
- i-sansevieria laurenti - amaqabunga ama-lanceolate amade ahlukaniswe yimichilo emincane eqonde mpo yombala ophuzi;
- ISansevieria Moonlight - ukuqina okuncane, amahlamvu amafushane anombala ohlaza grey oluhlaza okotshani.
ISansevieria yi-cylindrical (cylindrical). Isitshalo sihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amade cylindrical wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ebusweni bawo kunemivimbo yesiliva emile mpo nemivimbo ephuzi. I-Foliage yakha indawo yokuvumelanisa enezivumelwano. Amaphethelo alo ancishiswe kakhulu futhi akhonjwa. Zibukhali ngokwanele ukuzilimaza, ngakho-ke imiphetho imbozwe ngephedi likakhokho. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela i-inflorescence eyodwa enezinkanyezi ezimhlophe ezinokhilimu. Imivimbo ebomvu ibonakala kancane kuma-petals.
ISansevieria yinhle. Isitshalo esikhulu se-epiphytic sakha ama-rosette amaqabunga angama-2-2 anamakhasi. Ubude beshidi le-lanceolate buyi-30-60 cm, futhi ububanzi bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Iphethini enhle yezindawo ezinqamulelayo nemichilo ye-malachite hue iyabonakala endaweni emnyama eluhlaza. Ngasemaphethelweni kuvame ukuba nomngcele obomvu omncane. Entwasahlobo, kuvela ibhulashi eligeleza ngokugeleza okuningana lize lifinyelele ku-80 cm.Pextuncle eqondile kunamahlumela amnyama aluhlaza anemibala ephansi nesisekelo esimisiwe.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Ezimweni zasendlini, i-sansevieria isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zemifino: ukwahlukanisa isihlahla kanye nokusikwa kwezinhlamvu ezinhlamvu. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesihlahla esikhulu, inhlabathi eningi kufanele isuswe ezimpandeni, bese kuthi isigqi se-rhizome sisike ngesigaxa esingcolile. Isahluko ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe nephuzu lokukhula kanye namaqabunga amaningana. Izitshalo ezivelayo zitshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini olunesihlabathi se-peat. Zinkcenkceshelwa kakhulu futhi zigcinwa egumbini elifudumele (+ 25 ° C). Le ndlela yokusakazeka ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze umbala wokuhlobisa wamaqabunga nomngcele.
Iqabunga ngalinye le-sansevieria lingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ubude be-4-8 cm. Kuyadingeka ukomisa izingcezu zomoya, kodwa kungani uzifaka zibheka esihlabathini. Kubalulekile ukungadidisi phansi nangaphezulu kweshidi. Izimbambo zimbozwe nge-cap esobala (usike ibhodlela lepulasitiki noma imbiza yengilazi). Ukunisela kwenziwa ngepani. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4-5, iqabunga lizoba nezimpande nezimbali ezintsha. Amaqabunga angempela azokhula kungekudala. Ngale ndlela, izitshalo zivame ukuvela ngamahlamvu angenalutho, ngaphandle komngcele. Ungazama ukuthola ingane ye-motley uma ungqimba olungaphansi lwesiqu seqabunga lwenziwe ngendlela ye-wedge ukuze kuphela izinhlangothi ze-motley zihlangane nomhlaba.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
ISansevieria isitshalo esilungile futhi esingesona esimhlophe. Ilungele abaqalayo nabalimi abamatasatasa, futhi futhi ngaphandle kobunzima izosinda eholidini elide labanikazi.
Isibani Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokulinganayo ngaphansi kokukhanyisa kwemvelo nokwenziwa, emthunzini oyingxenye noma elangeni elikhanyayo. Izinhlobo ezixubile zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, kunconywa ukuthatha izitshalo zikhiphe umoya omusha, endaweni evikelwe kahle kwezulu nasekubhaliwe.
Ukushisa ISansevieria igcinwa ku + 18 ... + 25 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kubalulekile ukukhipha umoya egumbini ngokuvamile. Ebusika, ungangehlisa izinga lokushisa lize ku + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa kancane futhi isidingo sokunisela sincishiswa kakhulu. Ukupholisa ngaphansi kwe-10 + C kuholela ezifweni zezitshalo.
Umswakama. Ulimi lweTeschin luzivumelanisa nomswakama ojwayelekile egumbini futhi aludingi ukufafazwa okwengeziwe. Ukwenza isitshalo sizizwe singcono, udinga ukusula njalo amaqabunga othulini noma ukugeza kuwo ngamanzi afudumele. Amanzi kufanele athambeke ukuze kungabonakali amabala kalamula.
Ukunisela. Nisela izihlahla ngemuva kokomisa inhlabathi okungenani isigamu. ISansevieria iyamelana nesomiso isikhathi eside, kepha ingahlaselwa yisikhukhula senhlabathi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla, ukuthambisa kuyancipha.
Umanyolo. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, i-sansevieria ihlanganiswa njalo ngenyanga ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali ama-anculents kanye ne-cacti. Kuyadingeka ukuzikhawulela engxenyeni yethamo lokugqoka okuphezulu. Ifakwa emanzini bese ithelwa emhlabathini.
Ukufakelwa ISansevieria ingakhula isikhathi eside ebhodweni elilodwa ngaphandle kokufakelwa. Ine-rhizome ecwebile, ngakho-ke umthamo ukhethiwe kabanzi futhi ungajulile. Ngaphansi kufanele kumbozwe ungqimba obukhulu bezinto zokudonsa (amatshe obumba, ubumba olwandisiwe, shards). Inhlabathi yesitshalo yakhiwe ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- isihlabathi esihlanganayo;
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- umhlabathi we-turf.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, imbali ayithelwa izinsuku eziningana.
Izifo nezinambuzane. ISansevieria imelana kakhulu nezifo zezitshalo. Ukunisela okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuthe xaxa kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kuphela okwenza ukuthi izimpande zawo nomonakalo wamahlamvu zibole, i-powdery isikhutha ne-mosaic. Ama-parasites emsileni we-pike awahlali ngisho nasendaweni yesinye isitshalo esinegciwane.
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze
Abaningi banokubandlululwa okubhekiswe kwi-sansevieria ekhaya. Abantu abakholelwa kwezinkolelo-ze bakholelwa ukuthi ulimi lomamezala luholela ekuxabaneni emndenini nasekuhlebeni. Kubukeka sengathi abanye abaqondanga kabi beza nalokhu, ngoba abukho ubufakazi bezitatimende ezinjalo. Mhlawumbe iSansevieria idonswa amandla amabi wekhaya futhi idonsa ngokwayo, intukuthelo nomoya omubi. Ngakho-ke, ugcina ubudlelwane obunobungani komunye nomunye, futhi futhi uthuthukisa amandla amahle kanye nezifiso zokudala.
Izimpawu ezingezinhle zifaka phakathi ukunqampula kobusika be-sansevieria. Lokhu kuthembisa ukuxabana okukhulu noma ingxabano enkulu phakathi kwabantu abasondelene nabo.
Izici eziwusizo
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwejusi le-sansevieria le-saponins nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo kuyenza ihlanzeke kahle kakhulu umoya. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi amaqabunga amunca inani elikhulu le-formaldehyde ne-nitric oxide.
Izicucu zamaqabunga ezitshalo zisetshenziselwa izilonda zesikhumba (ukuvuvukala, ukusha, amanxeba). Banomthelela ekuphulukisweni okusheshayo kokubi kakhulu kune-aloe eyaziwayo. Ama-Decoctions amahlamvu anezimpawu ze-diuretic ne-choleretic.
Ngawo wonke usizo nge-sansevieria, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqaphela. Lapho kudliwa amaqabunga amasha, kwenzeka ubuthi obunamandla, ngakho-ke imbali kufanele ibekwe kude nezingane nasezilwaneni. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa akwenziwa, njengoba izakhi ngazinye zinomphumela wokuhlukumeza.
