ICarla (Callas) isitshalo esidala esiqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Aroid. Ikhula enhlabathini esishisayo noma imizimba yamanzi entsha yezindawo ezishisayo nesimo sezulu esishisayo seNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Endle, itholakala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Uhlobo oluhlukile lukhula e-Afrika. Isitshalo sisetshenziswa ngokulinganayo njengengadi kanye nembali yasekhaya, futhi isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu okuxakile kubonakala kungelusizo olukhulu futhi kufuna, kodwa abanye abatshali bezimbali bathi i-calla ikhula kahle futhi iyaqhakaza. Ukunakwa okuncane nje nokukhethwa okufanele kwezindawo zesitshalo kwanele.
Incazelo yezitshalo
ICalla iyisidakamizwa esiqhakazelayo esinezimbali ezinwabuzelayo nesinwabuzelayo emhlabathini. Ukuphakama kwawo akudluli ku-10-25 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Izinhlobo zeRhizome kanye ne-tuberous ziyatholakala. Amagatsha e-fibrous, angakhula afike kuma-60 cm ubude, ahlala emsukeni ophambili. Ngaphandle, afana nezibungu ezinwabuzelayo ezinamamaki angama-annular. Ubukhulu bezimpande kulo lonke ubude buyi-1.5-2 mm kuphela.
Amaqabunga ejwayelekile akhula emhlabathini njalo ngohlobo lwamathanga amade. Amapuleti kukhona okusaqanda noma okwenziwe inhliziyo ngenqenqema ekhonjisiwe kancane nezinhlangothi eziqinile noma ze-wavy. Imithambo yokusiza yeRadial noma arched iyabonakala kulawo makhasi. Iqabunga elinobukhulu obuqinile, elinesikhumba likhula lube ngu-6-16 cm ubude nobude obuyi-5-14 cm.
NgoMeyi-Julayi, kuqhakaza izimbali ezinezimbali eziningi ezinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-1. Ahlala esiqongweni se-peduncle, ahlelwe ngendlela evulekile. Isimbali ngasinye esinezimbali ezimbili sinama-stamens ayi-6 ne-ovary enama-carpels angama-3-6. Ubude be-inflorescence ekwakhekeni kwezindlebe buba ngamasentimitha ayi-6. Unesakhiwo esilinganayo se-cylindrical. Kuzungeze isembozo (ishidi lesembozo). Imvamisa inombala omhlophe onesisekelo esiluhlaza okotshani.
Ngemuva kwenyanga impova, amajikijolo ayindilinga avuthwa ngesilinganiso esingu-6-8 mm. Ngayinye iqukethe imbewu engu-3 kuya ku-3 mm ubude. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu sombala onsomi ngombala ohlanganayo okuvumela ukuthi uhlale kahle phezu kwamanzi. Ama-calla amajikijolo anobuthi, awukwazi ukuwadla!
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeminduze ye-calla
Kuze kube manje, ama-botanists abhalise izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-8, kepha ayi-3 kuphela kuzo evame ukusetshenziswa emasikweni kanye nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa.
UCalla waseTopiya. Isitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke, lapho kuqhakaza izimbali ukukhuphuka size sibe ngamamitha ayi-1. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba imelwa yimpande eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-tuber. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani amnyama anombala ofanayo. Zikhula kuma-petioles aqonde phezulu futhi zinesimo esisebezelayo noma esisetshenziselwe inhliziyo. I-Foliage igcinwa unyaka wonke futhi ayiwa ngesikhathi sokuwa.
UCalla Reann Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezifika ku-70 cm ukuphakama. Ngaphansi komhlaba kukhona ishubhu eliphazulisiwe lesimo esingajwayelekile. Amaqabunga esitshalo atholakala ngaphezulu. Ziyahluka ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ekwindla, kuba isikhathi sokufa, lapho wonke umhlaba uhlanganisa, kufaka namaqabunga, uyafa. I-inflorescence imboza umgodi we-lilac, onsomi noma obomvu. Izinhlobo:
- I-Garnet Gloe - izitshalo ezingama-55 cm eziphakeme ngo-June-Septhemba zijabule nge-inflorescence ezinkulu ezibomvu zamapomegranate;
- I-Crystal Blush - i-inflorescence ekuhlafunweni okufika ku-45 cm ukuphakeme ifakwe endaweni eyindilinga, lapho ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kube mhlophe qhwa, bese kuba mpinki kancane emaphethelweni;
- I-Picasso - ngaphakathi kombhede ogobeke kancane, kufikelwa i-lilac shades emnyama, futhi kukhona umngcele omhlophe obanzi emaphethelweni;
- I-Odessa - i-calla enombala obumnyama obumangalisayo kakhulu phansi, cishe ama-inflorescence amnyama;
- I-Askari - umgubuzelo obomvu omnyama uhlelwe ngentambo ekhilimu emincane.
UCalla Elliott. Isitshalo esingaba ngu-5 cm ubude sifanekiswa ngamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza. Ebusweni bawo kunamachashaza amhlophe namachashazi amaningi amhlophe. I-inflorescence imbozwe ngeveli legolide enesisekelo esiluhlaza. Izinhlobo:
- Umlingo omnyama - iminduze ye-calla engadini efinyelela ku-1 m inyibilikisa ama-inflorescence afinyelela ku-15 cm, efihlwe ngaphansi kwesihenqo segolide;
- Isaziso Esibomvu - amahlamvu amakhulu amchashazi asusa ama-inflorescence abomvu abomvu.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ama-callas angatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni noma nge-rhizome (tuber) ukwahlukanisa. Kunzima impela ukukhulisa ama-callas ezinhlanyelweni, ngoba izinto zokutshala zisheshe ziphelelwe amandla okuzala. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono, imbewu iphathwa ngokulungiswa kwama-hormone amahora amaningana (i-Epin, i-Ethamon, i-Zircon), bese ibekwa izicubu ezimanzi. Ngale ndlela, zingaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, khona-ke imbewu kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo emabhodweni ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat. Ukuze izithombo zingaboli, ukuthambisa kuyaqabukela, kuthambisa umhlabathi kancane. Kungcono ukufeza ngenkasa ngepani. Izitshalo ziqukethe ukukhanya kokukhanya kanye lokushisa lika + 22 ° C. Ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ukukha okwenziwa kumabhodwe ahlukene.
Kulula ukuthola isitshalo esisha ngendlela yezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezingenazo nezilimo eziyizigaxa zisatshalaliswa yizigaba ngazinye ze-rhizome. Ngamunye kufanele abe nezinso ezi-1-2. Izilayi ziphathwa nge-carbon esebenze futhi yomiswe kancane komoya, bese zitshalwa emhlabathini omusha. Ama-callas nge-tuberous rhizome asatshalaliswa yizingane. Kwi-tuber yomama, ukuphuma kwe-lateral kwakha isikhathi. Phezulu banezinso. Izingane zinganqunywa noma zidabule izandla zazo, zibulawe amagciwane bese ziphonswa embizeni entsha.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya
Ama-callas athanda ukushisa kulula kakhulu ukuwalima ekhaya. Zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezinosayizi abaphakathi. Izinto zokwakha zamanzi kufanele zithululelwe phansi. Ingxube yenhlabathi inezakhi ezilandelayo:
- inhlabathi eshidi (1 ingxenye);
- umhlabathi we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2);
- i-decusuous humus (1 ingxenye);
- isihlabathi somfula (izingxenye ezingama-0.5).
Ngisho nangaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukwengeza i-superphosphate emhlabathini.
Kubekwa imbiza yeminduze ye-calla efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma lasentshonalanga. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kahle, kepha okungonakalisi, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-10-12. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuhlelela kabusha isitshalo ewindini eliseningizimu, futhi sisebenzise i-phytolamp, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka kube nezimbali ezingekho ngesizini ezayo, futhi amahlumela azokwelula okuningi.
Entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, imbali izizwa ingcono emazingeni okushisa + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Ekwindla, lapho isikhathi sokuphumula siqala, sidluliselwa egumbini elipholile (kufika ku + 12 ... + 15 ° C). Le ndlela kufanele ibhekwe noma ngabe isitshalo siwela onke amaqabunga. Abanye abanikazi batshala ama-callas abo esivandeni ehlobo, kuthi ekwindla bawabambe bese bawadlulisela ezimbizeni.
Umhlali wakule marshland udinga ukuchelela njalo futhi kuningi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama omncane, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi ebhodweni nasepanini. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamanzi ahlanzwe kahle, athambile. Kuhle ukunisela ngesigaxa ngendlela yokuthaka. Njengoba iminduze ye-calla ikhetha inhlabathi ene-acidic, kungafakwa ujusi omncane kalamula emanzini.
Isitshalo sikhululekile ngokwengeziwe ngomswakama ophezulu, kodwa akufanelekile ukufafaza izimbali. Kusukela kumaconsi amanzi emaqabungeni nasemaqandeni kuvela izindawo ezimbi. Ukuze wandise umswakama, amathreythi ngodaka olumanzi olumanzi abekwa eduze kwezitshalo. Amahlamvu kufanele ahlanzwe njalo eluthulini ngendwangu ethambile.
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule kangcono, ikakhulukazi ngokusweleka kokukhanyisa, kudingeka ukondliwa njalo. Izakhiwo ezinamaminerali noma ze-organic zengezwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Ungasebenzisa ukwakheka kwendawo yonke noma okwenzelwe ngqo ama-callas. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kunconywa izingxube ze-phosphorus.
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, lapho izitshalo ezinamafutha amaningi zilahla amahlamvu ngokuphelele, amabhodwe abekwa endaweni epholile, emnyama. Ukunisela kumisiwe ngokuphelele. Ama-tubers angashiywa emhlabathini noma asuswe, ahlolwe futhi abekwe esitsheni sesihlabathi esomile. Zidinga ukugcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi (+ 5 ... + 10 ° C). Uma indlu ingenalo igumbi elinjalo, ishelufu elingaphansi kwesiqandisi lizokwenza. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, izitshalo zibuyiselwa enhlabathini entsha, futhi ziniselwa ngokunakekelwa.
Ukulima kwangaphandle
Ezimweni sezulu ezifudumele, ehlobo, ama-callas angatshalwa engadini ukudala isimo esihle sangaphandle. Izitshalo zitshalwa esihlahleni sezimbali ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-tubers ayahlolwa, izindawo ezilimele ziyasikwa, zifakwe emanzini bese ziphathwa nge-fung fung. Izitshalo zizoba sendaweni evulekile, enamabala amahle noma emthunzini oyingxenye.
Inhlabathi iyagaywa kuqala bese kufakwa umanyolo. Ukuthuthuka okugcwele, inhlabathi ene-acidic ngaphandle kokhilimu iyadingeka. Ukuqhubekisela phambili i-asidi emhlabeni, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-citric acid sithululelwa kuwo. Ama-Tubers atshalwa aze ajule ngo-5-10 cm futhi ngebanga elingama-30-40 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba uniselwa kakhulu. Amahlumela okuqala awaveli ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungathatha amaviki angama-2-4. Awukwazi ukugaya i-tuber futhi uhlole izithombo.
Iminduze yeCalla idinga ukuthambisa njalo ukuze inhlabathi ingahlali yomile isikhathi eside, kepha amanzi awahlali emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokunisela, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyakhululwa bese ukhula luyasuswa.
Uma umanyolo ungeniswe emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke ukudla okuningana okwengeziwe kwe-calle akudingekile. Uzoba nezakhi ezanele emhlabathini wabo. Kepha ukweqisa komanyolo kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwephisi.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izinyanga eziningi, amahlamvu aluhlaza ayaphikelela. Ekwindla, iqala ukubuna phakathi kwezitshalo ezinamanzi amaningi. Lokhu kusebenza njengophawu lokumba izitshalo. Akudingekile ukususa umhlaba ngokuphelele kubo. Kwanele ukubeka nezilimo eziyizigaxa emabhokisini bese uzibeka egumbini elipholile (+ 5 ... + 10 ° C). Lapho amahlamvu esomile ngokuphelele, ayathenwa. Uma ungagijimeli ukunquma, khona-ke wonke umsoco uzoba nesikhathi sokuya ku-rhizome.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
UCalla unokuzivikela okuhle. Izifo zezitshalo cishe azikaze zilimaze. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, igciwane lokukhunta lingakhula. Zonke izindawo ezonakele kufanele zenzelwe izicubu ezinempilo futhi ziphathwe nge-Bordeaux fluid.
Engadini, amahlamvu nezimbali zivame ukuhlaselwa izinambuzane. Ama-aphid acasulayo ikakhulukazi izibungu. Uma ngabe lezi zinambuzane ziye zavela emifino, kungcono ukuthi uphathe ngokushesha okutshalwe ngesinambuzane (i-Akarin, Actellik, Komandor).
Yize iningi labatshali bezimbali libika ukuqhakaza okujwayelekile, abanye babhekene nenkinga yokuntuleka kwezimbali. Kwesinye isikhathi iminduze ye-calla ayiqhume iminyaka eyishumi. Isizathu salokhu kungaba yilezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ukungabikho kwesikhathi sokuphumula esimemezelwe ngokushisa okunciphayo;
- ukukhanyisa okungakhanyi;
- ukunisela okunganele ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abandayo;
- vala kakhulu imbiza;
- ukusetshenziswa komanyolo weNitrogen ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
