Ukufuya izinyosi

Izici zokulondoloza izinkukhu, lapho zizoqala khona

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha i-apiary, umlimi wezinyosi oqalayo kufanele afunde ngokuyisisekelo izinsisekelo zokufuya izinyosi. Lesi sihloko siqukethe izincomo eziyisisekelo kumuntu oqalayo beekeeper: lapho uqala khona, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani izinyosi, uhlobo lwezinyosi, ukunakekelwa okufanele, nokunye okuningi.

Izisekelo eziyisisekelo zokufuya izinyosi, kudingeka wazi kuqala

Izisekelo zokufuya izinyosi kubaqalayo zihlobo lwezinhlamvu zamagama. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka imali kulwazi. Njenge-beekeeper ehlumayo, uzohlala ufunda. Izincwadi ezikhethekile nezihloko zokuloba izinyosi zizosiza lapha. Futhi ukuthola ulwazi kuphela, kepha nolwazi olusebenzayo, ungacela ukusekelwa komuntu olwa nezinyosi owaziwayo.

Idivayisi nokugcinwa kwemihlathi

Noma ubani ofuna ukwenza izinyosi ubuza umbuzo: ukuqala kuphi. Ukubhaliswa okusemthethweni kokuqala kuyadingeka. Ngisho noma uhlela ukugcina i-beehive eyodwa, udinga ukuthola ipasipoti endaweni yezinyosi.

Okulandelayo, sikhetha indawo yezinyosi. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke yezinyosi ilandela ucingo ophezulu noma eduze kwezihlahla. Umthunzi wemithi usiza izinambuzane ukuba zilondoloze i-microclimate yokuhlala ehlobo, kanti ucingo oluphezulu luhlanganisa imifuba emoyeni. Akufanele ube ne-apiary esigodini: kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo zefungal, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukwenza umsebenzi.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwendiza yezinyosi akufanele kube khona amakholoni ezinyoni eziphazamisayo - lokhu yi-golden bee-eater, i-foxbird, ukugwinya ogwini. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusengaphambili ukuthi omakhelwane bakho endaweni abazalanga izinyoni ezinjalo.

Umcibisholo kufanele uhlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

  • Imiklamo kufanele ivikele izinyosi ekushintsheni okungazelelwe ekushiseni, imvula kanye nomswakama. Umcibisholo kufanele ufudumele, kodwa ehlobo izindonga zesakhiwo akufanele zishise kakhulu. Uma ngabe isidleke singenalutho olulodwa, ubukhulu bodonga bungaphansi kwezingu-3 cm. Uma kwenzeka umculi ophindwe kabili, isikhala phakathi kwezindonga sigcwele umsila.
  • I-hive yenziwe ngokubanzi ngokubeka isithelo, kanye nokugcina izinto zobuni nezinyosi zezitshalo (cornflower). Ukuklama kufanele kwenziwe ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa ivolumu yayo.
  • I-hive kufanele ibe lula ukugcinwa nokuphathwa. Idizayini kufanele ihlukaniswe kalula futhi ibuye ifakwe.
  • Zonke izingxenye zomhlathi zilingana ngobukhulu. Izinyosi ezifanayo zingasiza kakhulu umsebenzi we-beekeeper futhi zinciphise isikhathi esichithwe.
  • Umcibisholo kufanele ube nendlela ekhethekile yokubhekana nemikhaza: phansi ekhishwayo, igridi ekhethekile nereyi.
  • Ebusika, isidleke sincane, inani lamakheli linciphile. Isikhala esisele akufanele singabi nalutho, kuyisiko ukuyigcwalisa ngemisindo yokuqapha.

Ukusebenzisana komndeni wezinyosi

Kulobhizinisi elinjengokufuywa kwezinyosi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi isiqalo. Umsunguli wezinyosi oqalayo ubophezelekile ukuba afunde ngezici ezikhethekile ze-bee colony yokuxhumana.

Ikoloni yezinyosi (umndeni) iyiseli ehlelwe ngokukhethekile elingahlanganisi ngisho nemindeni engomakhelwane. I-bee colony iqukethe indlovukazi, izinyosi ezisebenzayo kanye ne-drone. Ngokubili, zimelela insimu yezinyosi - ingxenye ephathekayo, esebenzayo.

Ingxenye engezansi iyidleke sezinyosi. Isidleke sakhiwa ama-honeycombs nama-broods nezinqolobane zokudla. Isihlamba - isici esibophezela emndenini wezinyosi. Ihlomele kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezinyosi kanye nempahla, nokuvikela umndeni. E-bee koloni, wonke amalungu ahlobene kakhulu. Akekho umuntu oyedwa ongaphila ngokwayo. Imisebenzi yokuphila ihanjiswa ngokuqinile phakathi kwamalungu omndeni.

Ukudla okunomsoco wezinyosi

E-apiary for Wabasaqalayo, udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi endabeni yokudla okunyosi lwezinyosi. Izinyosi zidla kuphela ukudla kokutshala. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna uju, abantu abasebenzayo baqoqa i-nectar kusuka ezitshalweni zezimbali bese beguqula ibe impova yembali kanye noju. Kusukela ekugcineni esikhathini esizayo kulungisa impova.

Ngokuntuleka kompezi, abakhiqizi bezinyosi bangasebenzisa ezinye imikhiqizo efanelekayo yitshalo: ijusi yezithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo, i-pad, njll. Uma umndeni wezinyosi ungenamsoco okwanele, kuvunyelwe ukondla isithombo sebhitrudi noma usiraphu ushukela. Kodwa-ke, lesi silinganiso sokudla singesesikhashana, kanti uju lomuncu kungaba nobungozi ngesikhathi sebusika.

Kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zokuqoqa uju, ukuqina komsoco we-bee coloni kuyahlukahluka. Esikhathini sasehlobo, lapho kunamaqanda amaningi abeka amaqanda emisebenzini kanye nokusebenza ngamandla, izinyosi kumele zondliwe. Ngenkathi ebandayo, umndeni udla amasheya aqoqwe uju. Abantu abadala be-colony kanye nama-brood kuleso sigaba se-larval feed on dressing top. Izinyosi ezikhulile zezinyosi zidinga ukusebenzisa uju nempova. Ngaphandle kwezinyosi, izinyosi zizofa, ngakho-ke uma uhamba ngezindawo ezide, izinyosi zezinyosi zihlala uju izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuqothula, amaqanda ama-larva ayondla ubisi lwezinyosi. Lokhu okuphakelayo okhethekile. okhiqizwa izinhlayiya zezinyosi. Kusukela ngosuku lwesine, intsha iqala ukondla inhlanganisela uju, impova namanzi. Ngemuva kokusungula umhluku, ukudla kumile.

Izimpungushe ezihlahleni (ama-queen cells) zidla njalo ubisi lwezinyosi. Iqembu elikhethekile lezinyosi, elikhathalela isibeletho esidala, linikezela ubisi olunjalo futhi luwondle kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luni. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke (amaseli wezinyosikazi zezinyosi) futhi uhamba emangqamuzaneni akhethekile, lesi sibeletho singaphila izinsuku ezimbalwa ngenxa yobusi noma inhlama yokudla kusuka ushukela noju.

Ukuzala izinyosi

Ukufunda konke mayelana nezinyosi nokufuya izinyosi kubaqalayo, kufanele uzijwayele izici zezinyosi zokukhiqiza. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqiza ziyingqayizivele nakwezinyosi: ukuzilibazisa kwabantu abahlukene bekoloni kanye nokwehla (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-bee koloni eyodwa ibe yizingxenye).

Esikhathini sokuqala, umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinyosi zezinyosi uqala ngokubeka amaqanda. Phakathi nenkathi yasebusika, indlovukazi yenza i-koloni entsha, ibeka amaqanda esitokisini ngasinye ngaphakathi kwesikhomba.

Uhlobo lwesibili lokuzalanisa luyingxenye yemvelo yomjikelezo wezinyosi. Ukukhiqiza kwenzeka lapho ikholomu ihlehlela phansi izingxenye ezimbili. Esinye isici, esivela ku-40 kuya ku-70% esivela emphakathini, sihlala nendlovukazi endala endaweni entsha. Kukhona ithuba lokusinda kokubili kule ndawo entsha nasekoloni yakudala.

Ukuze uxoxisane ne-drones (izinyosi zesilisa), indlovukazi encane iyahamba ngesimo sezulu esicacile kusukela ngo-12 kuya ku-17 ntambama ntambama. I-Drones ivame ukuqoqwa ngezinamba ezinkulu ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka endaweni yezinyosi. Isibeletho sisuka esisodwa kuya kathathu ngosuku kanye nabalingani ngokulinganisa ngama-drones angu-7-8.

Izigaba ezilandelayo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinyosi zihlukaniswa: iqanda, i-larva, i-pupa, i-pupa.

Ungathola kanjani futhi ulondoloze uju

Uju olusha olumnyama luvame ukuba nombala obala, kodwa ekugcineni lukhula lukhuni. Ngemva kokuba izinyosi zibekwe uphawu, eziningi ze-enzyme zihlala emaseli. Ngenxa yalezi zinyosi ze-enzyme igcinwa iminyaka eminingi (iminyaka engu-10-20). Kodwa-ke, impilo yesheluli uju ixhomeke kakhulu ekugcineni okufanele.

Uju luyisakhiwo esihlukile. Ukuguqulwa koju oluvela emanzini kuya esimweni esiqinile kuthiwa i-crystallization (ukushukela).

Uyazi? Ukungahambisani kwamanzi kagesi kungagcinwa isikhathi eside, uma ugcina okokuqala emavikini angu-5-6 ku-0 ° C, bese ubambelela ku-14 ° C. Uju olusetshenzwa ngale ndlela lusemanzi iminyaka emibili.

Izinhlobo ezincane ezingavamile ze-chestnut noju lwe-acacia azikho ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kweshukela. Uju olunokwemvelo olumile luba ngcono kangcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abaqaphi bezinyosi bafaka ulwazi ngolwazi lwemithetho yokugcina uju olutholiwe.

Ukuze ugcine zonke izici eziwusizo uju, udinga ukulandela lemithetho elula:

  • Gcina uju esitsheni seglasi ngesembozo esivaliwe ngokuqinile. Isiqukathi kufanele sibe somile ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwamakha amazinyo ezingadingekile.
  • Ungalondolozi uju esiqandisini. Ukwelashwa kuholela ekuvutsheni.
  • Ungavumeli imisebe eqondile yelanga ukuba ingene emgodini weju, ngaphandle kwalokho izindawo zokulwa namagciwane ezinobuthi ziyokwehla futhi amavithamini azobhujiswa.
  • Uju alufanele ligcinwe ekamelweni eliphezulu lokushisa. Gcina kude namabhethri ashisayo.
  • Ungalondolozi uju oluvulekile eceleni kwezingqimba, ukudla okubhemayo kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo enamakha ekhangayo.
  • Indawo enhle kunazo zonke yokugcina uju ku-cupboard eyomile, ngaphandle kwelanga nokunye iphunga.

Izifo zezinyosi

Ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zokulima izinyosi, kubalulekile ukungayinaki isihloko esinjalo njengezifo zezinyosi. Kunezifo eziningi zezinyosi ezibangela inkathazo enkulu kubaphuzi bezinyosi. Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelapha okwesikhashana kuzosindisa ekudalweni nasekusabalaleni kwezifo endaweni yezinyosi. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko esibonisa ukutholakala kwesifo ukuziphatha okungenele kwezinyosi.

Izifo zingaba nezifo noma zonyaka.mi. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingozi kakhulu futhi zinzima kakhulu. Leli qembu liqukethe ama-calcareous brood, ukukhubazeka, i-foulbrood kanye nesifo sohudo. Lezi zifo zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Izifo zonyaka zibangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo zomtholampilo.

Izifo zezinyosi nazo zihlukaniswe zibe ezithathelwanayo futhi ezingenasifo.

Isimbangela sezifo ezithathelwanayo yizifo ezincane zezitshalo ezivela (izifo ze-fungal, i-bacterioses, i-rickettsia, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane). Izifo ezivame ukuvuthwa yizilwane ezincane zezilwane.

Ukuvimbela izifo zezinyosi kusekelwe kwimicimbi ekhethekile. Zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zenziwe ngendlela ephelele, nokugcinwa okuhleliwe nokugcinwa kwezinyosi. Umsebenzi wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ngesikhathi izifo zingakafiki.

Imishini ewusizo kumuntu oqalayo beekeeper

Ukuqaliswa kokuthola izinyosi "ama-dummies" kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphepha okuphelele kanye nokuvikelwa okuphelele ekubhekeni kwezinyosi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwe imishini ewusizo yokufuya izinyosi. Izinyathelo zokuqapha kumele zigcinwe kokubili ukuvikelwa kwazo kanye nokuvikelwa kwabantu abakuzungezile.

Ukuvikelwa emsebenzini emsebenzini wezinyosi

Abaqalayo abavele baqala ukufuya izinyosi akuvumelekile ukuhlola indawo yezinyosi ngaphandle kwendlela ekhethekile yokuvikela. Imishini ehlukahlukene yokuzivikela isemakethe (izingubo ezihlukahlukene, amasosha, amaglavu). Kodwa-ke, njenge-sifihle, ungasebenzisa izingubo ezijwayelekile zezinyosi. Zama ukukhetha izingubo eziphambili futhi ezikhululekile, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi.

Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukwazi iqiniso elilodwa elibalulekile mayelana nokufuywa kwezinyosi: uma wenza ubuso bakho bokuvikela ubuso, sebenzisa ububanzi bombala obumnyama (obumnyama) obuthile noma obunzima. Umbala okhanyayo awunconywa kahle - uyonakalisa ukubonakala.

Kuyinto evamile ukuvikela ubuso nge mask nge ifreyimu elikhanyayo. Le mask idala indawo evikelayo phakathi kobuso negridi.

Izinyosi zikhanga ikakhulukazi isikhala phakathi kwezicathulo nezingubo. Okukhiphayo kungaba yi-leggings yabazingeli nabase-skiers, abathengiswa ezitolo zezemidlalo. Izindleko zifanelekile noma yikuphi ukulinganisa izicathulo futhi zizokunikeza ukuvikelwa okuthembekile.

Amagilavu ​​ejwayelekile engadini angasetshenziswa ukuvikela izandla. Kodwa-ke, amagilavu ​​kumele abe nesisindo esanele ngokwanele ukuvimbela izinyosi ekugxileni izandla.

Uyazi? Abanye abafuyi bezinyosi basebenzisa ama-overalls ajwayelekile womculi njengesivikelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-jumpsuit ipake amapokhethi futhi ivikeleke ngokuphepha insimu entanyeni. Ngakho, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu Uzothola izingubo zokuzivikela ezinhle kakhulu.

Okudingayo ukunakekela kahle izinyosi

Ekufuyweni kwezinyosi, kunemithetho eminingi ebophayo kanye namathiphu awusizo okufanele anganakwa. Abaningi bezinyosi abangenalwazi bavula izidleke zokuhlola izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ukuhlola okunjalo kuholele ekwephukeni kwesakhiwo sokushisa emiseleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo iphazamisa izinyosi futhi iyanciphisa ukukhula kwayo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-apiary ayixhomeki enombolweni yokuhlolwa kwezinyosi, kodwa ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi owenziwe. Umsebenzi ozwakalayo endaweni yezinyosi usho izinqubo zokubamba isikhathi esifushane nokuhlolwa okumbalwa. Ukuze unakekele kahle izinyosi, kufanele uhlele ngokucacile imisebenzi edingekayo nesikhathi sokuphindaphinda kwabo. Ukuze ukunakekelwa kwezinyosi entwasahlobo, abaphuzi bezinyosi abashadile bayokwanela imizuzu engu-15-20. Ukuze uhlole i-bee colony ekhishwe kabi, uzodinga cishe imizuzu eyishumi.

Ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kudinga ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi owesifazane ozinyosi ubeka amaqanda, izinyosi ezisebenzayo zenza imisebenzi yazo, futhi ikoloni inendawo yokwandisa. Ezinyangeni ezibandayo, ukuhlola akukhuthazwa. Zama ukungavumeli ukushisa okuyigugu kusuka emathunjini.

Kubalulekile! Emva kokusebenza nezinyosi ungashiyi isamba, izingubo ezingcolile noma amathuluzi ezindaweni lapho izingane ezincane zingaba khona. I-inventory isalokhu i-sting enobuhlungu, engase ibangele ukwelashwa ezinganeni.

Ithimba lamathuluzi okusebenza nemikhiqizo yezinyosi

Uzodinga isethi encane yamathuluzi:

  1. Chisel beekeeper. Leli ithuluzi elidingekayo kakhulu lokusebenza nemikhiqizo yezinyosi. I-chisel inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza: uthathe uhlaka ozokhipha emthanjeni, susa i-bee glue (propolis), uhlanze i-wax, uphinde ukhiphe udoti lomama.
  2. Ummese we-beekeeper. Ummese uklanyelwe ukunciphisa i-honeycomb endala ngamakheli.
  3. Ukushayela ibhulashi ukuze kukhule izinyosi ezivela emafenjini.
  4. I-Plug ngokuvula i-honeycomb nokususa okusanhlamvu.
  5. Lekala ngaphansi kwezigqoko zokugcina izindlu nezitolo kanye ne-roller ekhethekile yamafolda okulenga.
  6. Ukubhema. Ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza nezinyosi ngaphandle kokubhema. Kumele kusetshenzwe umsila ukuze unciphise izinyosi.
  7. Ipayipi yokubhema. Ababheyi bezinyosi ababhemayo basebenzisa ubusi bombhobho wabo emsebenzini wabo. Ngaphandle kwebhubhu, yonke inhloso yokufuya izinyosi ilahlekile.

Indlela yokukhetha umlimi wezinyosi wezinyosi zomndeni wezinyosi

Akuvamile ukubuza umbuzo: indlela yokunakekela izinyosi, ngoba abaqala ukuphuza izinyosi kuqala into enkulu ukukhetha izinyosi zezinyosi zekhwalithi. Ngesisindo sezinyosi, kunzima ukubona isibeletho, kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula owesifazane-bee kanye - futhi uzoyikhumbula. Inyosi ihamba kancane, isebenza kakhulu izinyosi futhi inesisu eside. Ukubuka isibeletho kufanele kube phakathi kwesidleke esitokisini nge-brood noma eduze nezimpungushe ezintsha. Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo lehlobo, isibeletho singase sitholakale kuma-frames angaphandle (ama-honeycomb nezindawo ze-burgundy ze-honeycomb).

Emva kokuthola lesi sibeletho, zama ukuyihlola: uma amaphiko ephukile, uma imilenze nesisu sezilimazekile. Bese uqaphele izinga leqanda (i-brood). Isibeletho esifanele sibeka amaqanda esitokisini ngasinye (ngaphandle kwezikhala), sigcwalise ngokuphelele i-honeycomb. Uma i-brood ixilisiwe, kunezinhlobo zegazi - lesi sizalo asikwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi kuzodingeka ubeke esikhundleni. Futhi unake inani lezinyosi kanye nezinqolobane zokudla. Ku-colony ye-bee ejwayelekile, ngo-Ephreli kufanele kube okungenani 1.5 kg wezinyosi (6 ozimele), kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti - okungenani ama-3 kg (12 ozimele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekoloni yezinyosi kumele kube khona isisu sesisu, 6 kg wokudla, ama-4-5 ama-brood nama-1-2 ozimele zesinkwa sezinyosi. Izinyosi ezivame ukuthengiswa ngamakhamera e-plywood. Kubalulekile ukuthola izinyosi ezikhiqizayo ebusika kahle futhi eziphikisana nezifo.

Emgwaqweni wezinyosi zezinyosi, kungase kube nokudumazeka, izinkathi ezimbi, nezinye izinkinga eziningi. Ukuze izinyosi zilethe injabulo futhi zithole inzuzo, kuyazuzisa ukufunda izizinda zokufuya izinyosi kubaqaphi kusengaphambili futhi zivumelane nomphumela omuhle.